Genetic control of sorghum resistance to leaf anthracnose

A study was carried out to investigate the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, in sorghum. Crosses between resistant and susceptible parents and backcrosses between F₁ plants and the susceptible parents were carried out under field conditions. The F₁ generations and the segregant populations were evaluated under artificial inoculation conditions in the greenhouse. In the F₁ generation of all crosses with the respective isolates, all of the plants presented a resistance reaction except for the F₁ plants resulting from the BR009 × SC283 cross. In the F₂ generation, the frequencies of resistant and susceptible plants conformed to the hypothesis that one gene with two alleles controls host resistance, except in one cross. Out of the eight backcrosses, six presented segregation that corresponded to the hypothesis formulated. For most crosses, resistance was dominant, and the proportions of resistant and susceptible plants in the segregant populations conformed to the frequencies expected under the hypothesis of gene‐for‐gene resistance and dominant gene action.     

草酸诱导黄瓜抗炭疽病的机理研究

 本文进一步证明草酸能显著诱导黄瓜对炭疽病的系统抗性,同时发现硫酸亚铁亦具有显著的诱抗效果。草酸能诱导局部叶片及系统叶片中壁共价键结合态、壁离子键结合态和可溶态过氧化物酶(POD)活性提高,其中离子键结合态POD活性提高量最大,共价键结合态POD活性提高倍数最大。草酸处理后还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)与氧化型抗坏血酸(DHAsA)的比值和亚铁离子(Fe²⁺)与三价铁离子(Fe³⁺)的比值均明显增加。对壁结合态POD、Fe²⁺、As A在草酸诱导抗病性中的作用进行了较深入的讨论。     

柑橘喷施叶面肥对柑橘木虱､柑橘潜叶蛾和炭疽病发生的影响

柑橘生产上叶面肥的使用很普遍?为了评估喷施叶面肥对柑橘新梢期的主要害虫柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri和柑橘潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella发生?为害的影响, 本文分别在养虫笼和网室条件下调查了以上2种害虫对喷不同叶面肥(尿素?复合氨基酸和葡萄糖)砂糖橘苗木的选择和为害, 以及柑橘炭疽病发生情况?试验结果表明:从木虱成虫选择性和产卵两个方面来看, 不同喷施处理的砂糖橘对木虱的吸引作用表现为尿素>复合氨基酸>葡萄糖>清水对照, 其中尿素和复合氨基酸处理吸引作用显著高于对照?喷施3种叶面肥后潜叶蛾为害程度均显著高于对照, 以葡萄糖处理的为害率和受害指数最高?另外, 尿素和复合氨基酸处理苗木的柑橘炭疽病病叶率和病情指数显著高于对照, 复合氨基酸处理病叶率显著高于葡萄糖?说明喷尿素?复合氨基酸叶面肥对柑橘木虱有较强的吸引作用, 同时加重柑橘炭疽病?另外, 与对照相比, 喷施3种叶面肥均能加重潜叶蛾的为害, 尤其是葡萄糖?     

20%氟硅·咪鲜水乳剂防治黄瓜炭疽病的试验报告

20%氟硅·咪鲜水乳剂防治黄瓜炭疽病的田间小区试验结果表明,在53.3～66.7mL/667m2剂量下,施药3～4次,间隔7～8d,可有效地控制黄瓜炭疽病的危害,并有提高产量和品质的作用。     

新型农药对苹果轮纹病与炭疽病防效试验初报

通过新型农药60.00%唑醚·代森联(百泰)WG和25.00%吡唑醚菌酯(凯润)EC防治苹果轮纹病、炭疽病的试验研究,结果表明60.00%百泰WG、25.00%凯润EC的防治效果与对照药剂70.00%甲基托布津WP的防效相当;而储藏期百泰、凯润的防治效果比较理想,要显著优于对照药剂。     

植烟地土壤理化性质对烟草病害发生的影响

选择4种不同土壤环境的烟区进行炭疽病和赤星病的发生情况调查,分析了植烟地土壤的理化性质与烟区炭疽病和赤星病发生的相关性,结果表明:炭疽病和赤星病的发生与土壤中全磷、全钾、缓效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫、有效锌、水溶性氯、水溶性盐等的含量以及土壤电导率和土壤中阳离子交换量均表现出一定的相关性。在烟草种植中,除氮、磷、钾的比例需要根据测土配方施肥外,中、微量元素的使用应引起重视。     

西双版纳香荚兰炭疽病病原鉴定

对西双版纳香荚兰上分离到的１８个炭疽菌菌样进行种的鉴定,结果盘长孢状刺盘孢ＣｏｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｇｌｏｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｏｉｄｅｓＰｅｎｚ．为１２个菌样,兰科刺盘孢Ｃ．ｏｒｃｈｉｄｅａｒｕｍＡｌｅｓｃｈ．为６个菌样。     

菜心炭疽病苗期抗病性鉴定技术

试验采用人工喷雾接种方法,通过对接种体浓度、保湿时间和苗龄试验,摸索出了一套适合于菜心炭疽病苗期抗病性鉴定的方法,即在气温为２３￣３２℃范围内,用６×１０＾６￣１×１０＾７个／Ｌ的分生孢子悬浮液于３￣４片叶期接种,保湿２４￣４８ｈ,７ｄ后调查病情,可明显地区分出菜心品种对炭疽病的抗病性差异。     

Characterization of the anthracnose resistance gene present in Ouro Negro (Honduras 35) common bean cultivar

Ouro Negro (Honduras 35) is a highly productive Mesoamerican black seeded bean cultivar that possesses a major dominant gene conferring resistance to anthracnose (causal organism Colletotrichum lindemuthianum). In this work the anthracnose resistance gene present in Ouro Negro was characterized by studying allelic relationships to the following previously characterized anthracnose resistance genes (cultivars): Co-1 (MDRK), Co-1 ² (Kaboon), Co-1 ³ (Perry Marrow), Co-2 (Cornell 49-242), Co-3 (Mexico 222), Co-4 (TO), Co-4 ² (SEL 1308), Co-5 (SEL1360), Co-6 (AB 136), and the resistance genes present in PI 207262 and Widusa. In addition, we determined the resistance spectrum of Ouro Negro in relation to 19 pathotypes of C. lindemuthianum. The allelism tests confirmed that the dominant anthracnose resistance gene present in Ouro Negro is positioned at a locus distinct from those with which it was compared. We propose that this new gene be named Co-10. The inoculation of Ouro Negro with the 19 pathotypes of C. lindemuthianum demonstrated that Co-10 confers resistance to pathotypes 23, 64, 67, 73, 81, 83, 87, 89, 95, 102, 117, 119, 343, 453, 1033, 1545 and 1600. The identification of Co-10 is an important contribution to bean breeding programs that are in constant need of new sources of resistance to anthracnose. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

砀山梨采后黑腐病病原菌的分离鉴定

应用rDNA-ITS分子标记分析和传统真菌形态学鉴定相结合的方法,对上海市销售的砀山梨黑腐病病原进行了鉴定.结果表明:引起砀山梨采后黑腐病的病原真菌为子囊菌亚门,小丛壳属,围小丛壳菌(Glomerella cingulata).本研究为果蔬采后病原真菌的快速鉴定提供了有益的参考.