盐度突变对凡纳滨对虾组织碳酸酐酶活性的影响

采用改进的△pH法检测凡纳滨对虾组织碳酸酐酶活性,监测了环境盐度从5突变到25后对虾鳃和触角腺组织碳酸酐酶活性及其血淋巴渗透浓度的动态变化。结果表明:(1)鳃组织碳酸酐酶活性在盐度突变后4 d内没有显著变化,活性水平在(21.68±1.25)μmol CO2/(mg.min),第5~11天有显著性的增高现象,在第10天活性最高,为(43.03±2.82)μmol CO2/(mg.min),第12天回落至起始水平;(2)触角腺碳酸酐酶活性动态变化的模式与鳃相似,起始增高时间比鳃晚6 d;(3)触角腺碳酸酐酶活性显著增高起始的时间与鳃组织碳酸酐酶活性开始显著下降的时间有关联性;(4)在低盐度时,凡纳滨对虾属于强高渗调变生物。     

荔枝蒂蛀虫雄蛾触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对荔枝蒂蛀虫雄蛾触角感受器的超微结构进行观察.结果表明:荔枝蒂蛀虫雄蛾触角上主要分布5种感受器,分别是毛形感受器、刺形感受器、腔锥感受器、锥形感受器、鳞形感受器.对各种感受器的形态特点进行描述,其中毛形感受器数量最多.     

Insight Into the Ultrastructure of Antennal Sensilla of Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walk), is one of the most serious pests of cereals in Asia and Australasia. The structure and distribution of the antennal sensilla of M. separata were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that antennae of both female and male M. separata are filiform in shape. Three groups and seven morphological sensillum types were recorded in both sexes, including uniporous sensilla (sensilla chaetica), multiporous sensilla (sensilla trichodea, basiconica, coeloconica, and styloconica), and aporous sensilla (sensilla squamiformia and Böhm bristles). S. trichodea, which were the most abundant sensilla, was made of three subtypes (ST I, ST II, and ST III) according to external features and two subtypes of s. basiconica (SB I and SB II) and s. coeloconica (SCo I and SCo II) were identified, respectively. Sexual dimorphisms in sensilla of M. separata were mainly perceived as the variations in the numbers of several sensilla subtypes. Also, the possible functions of the antennal sensilla were discussed. These results contribute to our understanding of the function of antennae in the behavior of M. separata.     

Antennal Sensilla in the Parasitoid Sclerodermus sp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

Parasitoid wasps of the genus Sclerodermus (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) are an important natural enemy of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine the external morphology of the antennal sensilla of Sclerodermus sp. Antennae of females and males comprised the scape, pedicel, and 11 flagellomere segments. Based on the morphology of the sensilla in each sex, seven types of sensillum were identified: sensilla trichodea (Tr.1, Tr.2 and Tr.3), sensilla basiconica (Ba.1, Ba.2, and Ba.3), sensilla styloconica (St.1 and St.2), sensilla placodea, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla squamiforma, and Bohm’s bristles. Tr.2, Ba.1, and St.1 were only found in females, whereas Ba.2, Ba.3, and St.2 were only observed in males. Sensilla placodea were the most common, given that they occur on the antennae of many parasitoid Hymenoptera, whereas sensilla Tr were the most abundant, being distributed over the entire antennal surface. These sensilla are likely to have roles in the host locating and habitat searching behavior of adult Sclerodermus wasps. Therefore, our findings provide a basis for further studies of the host location behavior of this and other species of parasitic wasp.     

蔗扁蛾触角扫描电镜观察

用扫描电子显微镜对蔗扁蛾触角感器的观察结果表明:蔗扁蛾触角上共分布有6种感器,它们是毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、具缘毛腔锥感器、鳞形感器和端毛.其中鳞形感器的着生方式与其它昆虫有明显的区别,从正面看只有一个感器,但在它的下面还有3～5个感器,而且每组相互排列非常整齐有规律.     

长林小蠹触角感器的超微结构

为了探究长林小蠹Hylurgus ligniperda(Fabricius)触角上感器的类型和数量,为进一步探索其对化学信号的感受机制奠定基础,利用扫描电镜技术对长林小蠹雌雄成虫的触角感器进行观察。结果表明：长林小蠹触角上存在5种类型的感器和少量腺孔,包括毛形感器(ST-Ⅰ、 ST-Ⅱ、 ST-Ⅲ亚型)、锯齿形感器(SZ-Ⅰ、 SZ-Ⅱ、 SZ-Ⅲ亚型)、刺形感器(Sch)、腔锥形感器(Sco)和芽形感器(BS)。毛形感器约占总感器数的61%,锯齿形感器在触角的每一节均有分布,占感器总数的24.7%,刺形感器分布在柄节基部和梗节,腔锥形感器只少量散生在部分毛形感器带上,数量约占4.1%,鞭节端部分布有0～3个芽形感器,且有个体差异。长林小蠹雌雄成虫间触角感器的结构和类型无明显差异,雌虫ST-Ⅰ比例稍多,雄虫ST-Ⅱ比例稍多。     

棉铃虫嗅觉系统的结构与功能研究进展

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera是世界上重要的多食性农业害虫,主要依赖嗅觉寻找寄主、识别配偶以及选择产卵位点,以实现生存和繁衍。研究表明触角和下唇须是棉铃虫重要的外周嗅觉器官,其上分布毛形感器、锥形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器等重要的嗅觉感器,表达了包括气味结合蛋白、气味受体、离子型受体等上百种气味化学感受蛋白基因。脑内触角叶及与触角叶神经元连接的蕈形体冠、侧角、外侧前脑等为棉铃虫嗅觉中枢系统。通过利用电生理和染色标记技术明确了棉铃虫性信息素和二氧化碳感受相关的受体、嗅觉感受神经元和其他类型的触角叶神经元。这些关于棉铃虫外周和中枢嗅觉系统结构和功能的研究进展为进一步研究棉铃虫嗅觉器官感受寄主植物、有毒食物和天敌等气味分子的功能图谱以及研究不同嗅觉神经元在突触联系水平上对气味信息进行处理和编码的神经机制奠定了重要基础。也为深入研究棉铃虫的嗅觉行为调控机制和开发基于嗅觉行为调控的防治技术提供了重要理论基础。     

蠼螋Labidura riparia Pallas成虫触角感器的超微结构观察

革翅目昆虫是河南省中部地区鳞翅目害虫的一类重要捕食性天敌昆虫,在农业无公害化的发展趋势下,具有广阔的应用前景.本研究采用扫描电子显微镜技术,对其中的蠼螋科,蠼螋属中的蠼螋雌、雄成虫触角感器的形态特征进行了研究,结果表明:蠼螋触角呈丝状,由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,雌、雄成虫鞭节分别由26和30个亚节组成.共有8种感器类型:...     

茶丽纹象甲触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对茶丽纹象甲(Myllocerinus aurolineatus Voss)(鞘翅目:象甲科)成虫的触角及感器进行了观察,比较研究了雌、雄成虫触角形态、感器分布和数量上的差异.结果表明,茶丽纹象甲雌、雄成虫触角均呈膝状,由柄节、梗节和7个鞭亚节组成,触角上均着生有5种感器,即毛形感器、刺形感器、棒形感器、叉形感器、鳞形感器以及少量表皮孔.其中,鳞形感器和刺形感器的数量最多,叉形感器在已有的象甲科资料中尚未见报道.毛形感器和叉形感器的数量和分布存在着明显的性别差异,主要表现为雄虫触角上毛形感器和叉形感器的数量显著多于雌虫.     

腰带长体茧蜂雌蜂触角的扫描电镜观察

采用扫描电镜技术对腰带长体茧蜂Microcentrus cingulum的触角感器进行了观察。结果表明,腰带长体茧蜂雌蜂触角上存在三种感器,分别为毛形感器、刚毛形感器、板形感器。对触角各种感器的形态和分布特点进行了描述,并就三类触角感器的功能进行了探讨。