乳酸菌发酵驼乳工艺优化及抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的研究

[目的]以实验室前期从驼乳中分离得到的乳明串珠菌、副干酪乳杆菌为对象,并通过体外实验对发酵驼乳抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性以及抗氧化能力进行测定。[方法]以α-淀粉酶抑制率和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验优化发酵驼乳的参数条件。测定在不同储藏时间下试验组乳明串珠菌、副干酪乳杆菌发酵驼乳、对照组乳明串珠菌、副干酪乳杆菌发酵牛乳和嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌发酵驼乳pH值、酸度、活菌数、α-淀粉酶抑制率、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率的变化。[结果]驼乳发酵的最佳工艺条件为乳明串珠菌∶副干酪乳杆菌比例2∶3、接种量2%、发酵温度39 ℃,发酵时间24 h,此条件下测得对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率分别达到87.20%和20.85%,与未优化前相比,α-淀粉酶的抑制率提高14.10%,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率提高4.4%。在4 ℃储藏期间发酵驼乳α-淀粉酶抑制率在第6d时最高为90.39%,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率最高为36.32%,抑制率显著高于对照组。各组对羟自由基的清除率达到70%以上,最高为94.91%,超氧阴离子自由基清除率最高达到78.10%,整个测定过程中试验组的抗氧化活性均显著高于对照组。[结论]经乳酸菌发酵驼乳抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性提高,在储藏期间抗氧化活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。     

苦槠叶及根的生化物质对闽楠种子的发芽效应

采用有机溶剂浸提和水授提2种方式分别提取苦槠叶、根的生化物质,并用闽楠种子发芽试验评价苦槠对闽楠的化感作用．结果表明,2种方式浸提的苦槠叶和根的生化物质对闽楠种子的各项发芽指标均表现为一定程度的抑制作用．说明从生化角度看苦槠与闽楠的种间关系并不十分协调．     

Antiproliferative activity of Goldfussia psilostachys ethanolic extract on K562 leukemia cells

A dose-dependent and significant (P<0.01) antiproliferative effect of Goldfussia psilostachys ethanolic extract was observed on K562 cells. The IC(50) is ca. 0.5 microg/ml. The extract markedly increases the proportion of cell in G2/M phases and decreases the population of cells in G0/G1 phases. Moreover, the antimitotic effect is correlated with polymerization of microtubule assembly. These results indicate that G. psilostachys ethanolic extract inhibits the proliferation of K562 cells and disrupts the normal dynamic of microtubules during mitosis.     

9种中药成分对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒体外增殖的抑制作用

运用MTT法结合细胞病变方法测定黄芩苷、穿心莲内酯、大黄素、大黄酸、芦荟大黄素、大黄素甲醚、苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和苦马豆素9种中药成分对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)在ST细胞上增殖的抑制作用,实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)进一步检测黄芩苷对TGEV在ST细胞上增殖的抑制作用。结果显示,9种中药成分在体外对TGEV在ST细胞上的增殖均有一定的抑制作用,其中黄芩苷对TGEV的生物合成、吸附保护和直接灭活作用的抑制率分别为58.23%、88.12%和100.00%;Real-time PCR检测黄芩苷3种给药方式均能在转录水平显著降低TGEV mRNA的相对表达量,与病毒对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01)。结果表明,9种中药成分在体外对TGEV在ST细胞上的增殖均有一定的抑制作用,以黄芩苷作用最好。     

核桃坚果水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响

为探究核桃果实不同部位水浸液对植物种子萌发及生长的影响,本试验以莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草4种种子为试材,对其进行核桃种子、种仁及种皮的水浸液浸泡处理,进而研究核桃果实不同部位水浸液的化感作用,旨在探讨核桃水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响。结果表明,在特定浓度下,核桃种子的水浸液对莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草种子萌发均起到抑制作用,对萝卜幼苗生长的抑制作用大于莴笋幼苗的生长,对马蹄金和野牛草种子生长的抑制作用大于莴笋和萝卜。核桃种仁的水浸液对幼苗生长的抑制作用大于其余2个部位的影响,表现为:核桃种仁大于核桃种壳和核桃种子。本研究探索了核桃种子水浸液的化感作用及抑制植物种子萌发的物质,为农作物间作套种、化感抗害提供了依据和指导。     

Propanil and swep inhibit 4-coumarate:CoA ligase activity in vitro

4-Coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL, EC 6.2.1.12) in the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants has attracted interest as a novel target for developing effective plant growth inhibitors (PGIs). In a previous study in which the 4CL inhibitory activity of 28 existing herbicides was investigated using an optimized in vitro screening assay, 4CL activity was found to be strongly inhibited by propanil and swep at 100 microM. Here, further experimental evidence is provided to substantiate the previous result. Using 4-coumaric acid as substrate, tobacco 4CL activity was inhibited by propanil or swep in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition concentrations (I(50)) of 39.6 and 6 microM respectively. These herbicides also exhibited uncompetitive inhibition towards 4-coumaric acid. Furthermore, 4CLs from several plant species were inhibited by the herbicides within a range from 1 to 50 microM. It is proposed that these herbicides have another site of action as a result of the inhibition of 4CL in the phenylpropanoid pathway, and this enzyme represents a new target site for the development of PGI.     

碱提甘蔗皮多糖提取工艺、初步结构及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

【目的】建立碱提甘蔗皮多糖的优化工艺,进一步探究其结构特征,并评价其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。【方法】采用单因素试验和响应面分析法（RSM）对碱提甘蔗皮多糖（SPAP）提取工艺进行优化,采用苯酚硫酸法测定多糖含量。SPAP经Sevag法除蛋白、AB-8除色素后进行结构表征,主要包括高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测多糖分子量分布,气相-质谱色谱仪（GC-MS）进行单糖分析及傅里叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对官能团进行分析。采用4-硝基苯基-D-吡喃葡糖苷（PNPG）法测定多糖提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用。【结果】SPAP的最佳提取条件为提取温度37℃、氢氧化钠（NaOH）浓度5%、料液比1∶46（g·mL^-1）、提取次数4次,在此条件下SPAP得率达到10.84%。经除蛋白、色素后,SPAP含量达到86.54%,主要由阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖4种单糖组成,分子量为3.03×10³ kD,可能为吡喃型杂多糖,呈现α或β构型。此外,SPAP表现出良好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,其抑制率达到78.31%。【结论】对碱提甘蔗皮多糖进行工艺优化,可有效利用原料、提高产出和效率;由HPLC、FT-IR、GC-MS等方面初步阐述了SPAP的结构特性,同时SPAP对α-葡萄糖苷酶表现出良好的抑制作用,具有一定的降糖潜力,研究结果为进一步研究SPAP的构效关系提供了理论依据。     

Inhibition of protease activities in discus Symphysodon spp. by three plant meals

Based on biochemical assays and electrophoretical methods, the inhibitory effects of three plant meals (soybean meal, wheat meal, winged bean meal) on digestive alkaline proteases of discus were investigated. Casein assays revealed that increasing levels of soybean meal caused a linear inhibitory effect on activity of protease. SDS-PAGE images revealed that trypsin and chymotrypsin were the inhibited enzymes. Soybean showed the lowest inhibition rate followed by wheat meal and raw winged bean. There was a quadratic relationship between wheat meal levels and its inhibition of protease acitivity. The highest inhibitory effect was obtained with the winged bean meal with inhibition of caseinolytic activities ranging from 3.6–98.6%. Results from this study showed the potential of both soybean meal and wheat meal as ingredients for practical diet for discus, while demonstrating the need for further improvement in processing method for winged bean meal.     

苦瓜提取物对四种兽医临床常见菌的抑菌活性研究

采用打孔法和二倍稀释法研究不同质量浓度的苦瓜提取物对4种临床常见菌的抑制作用,并测定苦瓜提取物对4种菌株生长曲线的影响。结果显示,10 mg/mL的苦瓜提取物对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用最强,而对链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用不显著;苦瓜提取物对4种菌株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为2.5 mg/mL、2.5 mg/mL、5 mg/mL和10 mg/mL。结果提示,苦瓜提取物具有较强的抑菌活性。     

An alkaline phosphatase-based method for the detection of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in tissue culture and tissue imprints

Currently, the presence of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is often detected in Atlantic salmon by the use of an indirect fluorescent antibody test. This test is limited by the poor stability of fluorescein isothiocyanate which fades after about a week in storage, preventing the development of stained archive material as a reference source. One possible alternative would be the use of immunohistochemical staining methods to detect ISAV. An immunohistochemical method is presented that uses alkaline phosphatase‐conjugated antibodies and Vector^® Red as a substrate, to detect ISAV in kidney imprints. This paper also describes a procedure where Bouin's fluid is used to successfully inhibit endogenous alkaline phosphatase in tissue samples, prior to immunohistochemical processing. This method provides a stable stain that can be read for many weeks after staining or archived for future reference.