闽香鳢〔乌鳢(♂)×斑鳢(♀)〕遗传生物学研究Ⅰ.子代和亲本形态比较

通过对闽香鳢〔乌鳢 (♂ )×斑鳢 (♀ )〕及其亲本的主要形态分类学鉴定指标进行测量和比较 ,发现闽香鳢的主要形态学性状介于亲本乌鳢和斑鳢之间 ,为中间类型 ,由此初步判断其为亲本的杂合体。并根据臀鳍、背鳍和侧线鳞数设计了鉴别分选图 ,以便于对闽香鳢和亲本进行形态比较     

微量元素对桉树苗木农艺性状的影响

研究了不同水平微量元素营养液对3种桉树无性系苗木的死亡情况、苗高、地径、单株叶片数和分枝数农艺性状的影响。结果表明：各品种／无性系苗木在所有的测试性状中差异表现出极显著水平的影响。6个测试的微量元素因子中,Fe（B）和B（C）极显著地影响苗木的苗木死亡率,Fe（B）、Mo（F）和B（G）均显著地影响苗高、地径的生长,但Fe（B）和Mo（F）对苗木地径的作用只表现出在0．05水平上显著差异。在单株叶片数（级别）上,仅有微量元素Mo（F）因子效应不明显,在7个主效因子中对苗木叶片生长发育影响由强至弱的程度顺序为：无性系（A）〉Fe（B）〉Cu（E）〉Mn（D）〉Zn（C）〉B（G）〉Mo（F）。在苗木分枝数性状上,除桉树无性系外,B（G）也显著地影响苗木分枝分化。除此外在不同性状中各参试因子之间均存在着交互作用,特别是单株叶片数中,除因子BD外,建模中因子之间的交互作用很强,达到0．05以上的显著水平。不同营养液相应的对照结果表明不同无性系苗木之间品种效应和不同微量元素营养液差异极显著,无性系与营养液两者之间同样存在着显著的交互作用,表明在营养液中适宜的微量含量有利于苗木的苗木生长发育,即微量元素的丰亏会对桉树的生长产生影响,从而影响桉树林分质量。根据苗木各性状有效的回归统计模型和苗木质量要求,选择苗木成活率、苗木苗高、地径均大而苗木叶片数分级、分枝数比较小的最优微量元素营养液组合为DH32-29 Fe（100）Zn（0）Mn（0）Cu（100）Mo（O）B（100）。     

异地种植对微胚乳玉米主要性状的影响研究

在广西南宁、山西平遥两个地点分别种植16个微胚乳玉米杂交组合,观测了主要农艺性状和产量性状,同时估算了这些重要性状的广义遗传率。结果如下:(1)抽雄期、散粉期、吐丝期、株高和穗位高5个性状,在山西平遥所有组合的值都高于广西南宁;穗长、穗粒重和百粒重3个性状则是山西平遥所有组合的值都低于广西南宁;穗粗则随组合而异。(2)两地各性状的广义遗传率相差较大的有抽雄期、散粉期、吐丝期、穗长和百粒重。一年多点联合方差分析广义遗传率比单一地点分析都高的有株高、穗粗、穗粒重和百粒重。     

Agronomic performance of F1, F2 and F3 hybrids between weedy rice and transgenic glufosinate-resistant rice

BACKGROUND: Studies of hybrid fitness, of which agronomic performance may be an indicator, can help in evaluating the potential for introgression of a transgene from a transgenic crop to wild relatives. The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic performance of reciprocal hybrids between two transgenic glufosinate‐resistant rice lines, Y0003 and 99‐t, and two weedy rice accessions, WR1 and WR2, in the greenhouse. RESULTS: F₁ hybrids displayed heterosis in height, flag leaf area and number of spikelets per panicle. The agronomic performance of F1 between WR1 and Y0003 was not affected by crossing direction. The tiller and panicle numbers of F1 individuals were higher than their F2 counterparts. However, these traits did not change significantly from the F2 to the F3 generation or in hybrids with weedy rice as maternal or paternal plants. For all hybrids, the in vitro germination rates of fresh pollen were similar and significantly lower than those of their parents, seed sets were similar to or of lower value than those of weedy rice parents and seed shattering characteristics were partially suppressed, but the survival of hybrids over winter in the field was similar to that of weedy rice parents. All F1, F2 and F3 hybrids had similar composite agronomic performance to weedy rice parents. CONCLUSION: There was no significant decrease in the composite agronomic performance of any of the hybrids compared with weedy rice. This implies that gene flow from transgenic cultivated rice to weedy rice could occur under natural conditions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于GIS下的岷江干旱河谷地区泥石流发生域危险性评价

 四川省汶川县地处岷江上游,是我国泥石流频发地区。泥石流的发生与分布受地质构造、地貌条件、岩石种类、降水和植被等多种因素影响。以汶川县为例,在GIS技术支持下,通过计算机对空间数据获取、处理和分析,建立该地区泥石流发生域危险性评价指标体系及评价模型。通过合理选取评价指标、确定指标权重、计算综合评价值,得出:在该研究区域的16条沟系中,依据综合指数值,最易发生泥石流的沟系为桃关沟,佛堂坝沟等沟系,有潜在泥石流发生的沟系为新桥沟,板子沟等,而炭里沟,板桥沟等沟系属于无泥石流发生沟系。该评价结果经与历史资料对比和专家认可,符合实际,客观可行,可为防灾减灾、泥石流预报提供参考。     

Agronomic traits of exotic barley germplasms resistant to soil-borne mosaic-inducing viruses

Summary In order to obtain information on agronomic performance and potential use of yellow mosaic virus resistant barley germplasms (Hordeum vulgare L.) in breeding programmes, twenty-six varieties were tested for agronomic traits in two years trials. The varieties tested differ in their reaction to the soil-borne mosaic-inducing viruses (BaMMV, BaYMV, BaYMV-2) and their genetic base of BaMMV-resistance. All of the exotic varieties tested are of inferior agronomic performance as compared to resistant German cultivars. Grain yield ranged from 77% to 33% in comparison to the highest yielding German winter barley cultivar Franka. Furthermore, a large variation was also observed in thousand grain weight, number of grains per spike, height, lodging, winterkilling and susceptibility to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem) Davis).     

陆地棉主要农艺性状的相关性及聚类分析

以2005—2012年河北省及国家黄河流域棉区审定的30份棉花品种为试验材料,于2012—2013年在冀中南棉区(河北深州)设置品种比较试验,对供试材料的12个主要性状进行变异性、相关性和聚类分析,以期为冀中南棉花品种选择和新育种目标的制定提供理论依据。结果表明:考察的12个性状中以单株铃数和纤维伸长率的变异系数较大,分别为7.94%和8.80%。相关、通径和聚类分析的结果均表明,冀中南地区影响棉花皮棉产量的主要因素为单株铃数和衣分,生产上应首选单株结铃多、衣分高的品种推广应用。推荐的代表性品种有‘冀丰106’、GK99-1、‘农大棉9号’、‘快育66’、‘邯102’等。皮棉产量与上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、断裂比强度、伸长率呈正相关,且与伸长率的相关性达极显著水平。产量与纤维品质间的负相关性逐渐减弱,反映产量与品质同步改良取得一定成效。     

小兴安岭天然次生林经营模拟与评价

应用SPACE模型对黑龙江省带岭林业局东方红林场某研究样地进行了不同经营方案的模拟，并建立了反映森林多效益功能的层次分析评价结构模型。通过实例研究表明，SPACE模型和层次分析法应用于森林经营模拟与评价是可行的，对森林经营决策具有一定参考价值。应用层次分析法评价的结果表明，对研究样地所设计的8种经营方案中，最佳经营方案为：当年伐除胸径34cm以上的全部阔叶树，25年时伐除胸径38cm以上全部林木，50年时伐除胸径40cm以上全部林木，75年时伐除胸径46cm以上全部林木。这一方案既满足了一定的木材需求，又使经营后的森林资源林相完整，演替为当地的顶极群落，且未来演替方向好。     

中国亚热带地区酸性土壤上部分酸化的磷矿石的农学潜力

A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic potential of four partially acidulated rock phosphates(PARP) in three representative solis sampled from subtripical China.The PARPs were manufactured by attacking a moderately reactive phosphate rock either with sulfuric acid alone or with combination of sulfuric and phosphoric acids at 30 or 60 percent of acidulation.Shoot dry weight and P accumulation of six successive cuttings of ryegrass were used to compare the agronomic potential of these fertilizers with that of the raw rock phosphate(RP) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP).Results indicated that the effectiveness of various phosphates was determined both by the solubility of the phosphates and by the acidity and P-fixing capacity of the soils.The higher the watersoluble P contained,the better the effectiveness of the fertilizer was.Although plant P accumulation of PARP treatments was constantly lower than that of MCP treatment,some PARPs could still get a dry matter production similar to that of MCP treatment.PARP SP60,which was acidulated with a mixture of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid at 60 percent of acidulation and contained the highest soluble,P,was as effective as MCP in terms of dry matter production on all the soils.S60 and C1 which were both acidulated with sulfuric acid with the former at 60 percent of acidulation and the latter at 30 percent but with a further addition of monoammonium phosphate,were more than 80 percent as efective as MCP,Raw RP also showed a reasonable effectiveness which increased with soil acidity.It was suggested from the study that some of these APRPs could be expected to have a comparable field performance as soluble P fertilizers in the acid soil regions.