Phenotypic Changes in Grain Sorghum Over the Last Five Decades

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a drought‐tolerant crop, and its productivity in rain fed environments has increased since the 1950s. This increase is due to changes in agronomic practices and hybrid improvement. The objective of this study was to determine what aspects of grain sorghum morphology, physiology and water use have changed with hybrid improvement and might have contributed to this yield increase. A 2‐year greenhouse experiment was conducted with one hybrid from each of the past five decades. The hybrids were studied in well‐watered and pre‐ and post‐flowering water deficit conditions. Total water use, transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were measured during the growing period. Biomass and biomass components were measured at harvest. There was no consistent change in the leaf physiological parameters resulting from hybrid advancement. In contrast, total water use increased in rate of 8.5 cm³ kg soil^?1 year^?1 from old to new hybrids in the well‐watered treatments. Root biomass also increased in rate of 0.2 g plant^?1 year^?1. Leaf biomass and panicle length also was greater for the newest compared with the older hybrids. Hybrid advancement was related to increase in panicle length but decrease in peduncle length. Results indicated that hybrid development programmes created hybrids with improved drought avoidance, due to better root density of newly released hybrids, or hybrids with better resource use which ultimately increased yield under rain fed conditions.     

农产品储运环境实时监测系统设计

农产品运输车辆和储存仓库的内部温湿度等环境和位置参数是农产品物流调度管理的重要依据，综合使用物联网、无线传感器网络、GPRS无线通信、GSM短信、GPS、GIS等技术与方法，构建一个一体化的农产品储运环境的远程实时监测系统。     

浅析测定植物抗旱性方法的应用

本文介绍了干旱对植物伤害及表现,根据国内外相关文献资料对叶绿素荧光法和电阻抗图谱法两种测定植物抗旱性方法进行概述。     

Morphological and Physiological Responses of Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and Chicory (Cichorium intybus) to Water Stress and Defoliation Frequency

Plants are often subjected to periods of water stress. There are little data examining the effect of water stress on the forage species Plantago lanceolata and Cichorium intybus. In two pot experiments with P. lanceolata and C. intybus, morphological responses under optimum, dry, and very‐dry water treatments with weekly, fortnightly and 3‐weekly defoliation intervals and physiological responses under optimum and very‐dry water treatments were measured. A third experiment compared the rooting depths of P. lanceolata and C. intybus under field conditions. These findings suggest that both P. lanceolata and C. intybus can survive and continue to grow under water stress conditions with the main differences between the two species being attributable to morphological characteristics (root mass, taproot diameter and shoot mass fraction) rather than differences at a physiological level. Overall, the results suggest plantain may be more productive under moderate drought due to its greater shoot mass fraction, whereas chicory may be more productive and persistent under severe drought due to its greater root mass, taproot diameter and root depth under field conditions.     

新宾县农机专业合作社发展研究

发展农机专业合作社是完善农业生产经营体制的重要内容。介绍新宾县农机专业合作社的发展现状,简述合作社发展过程及主要合作形式,论述合作社成立以来发挥的作用和取得的成效,提出合作社今后发展需要重视的问题。     

我院农业科技新闻写作现状及对策研究

简要分析农业科技新闻的特性,剖析我院农业科技新闻写作存在的不足,提出写好农业科技新闻的对策,对指导农业科研院所宣传人员写好农业科技新闻具有现实意义。     

Induction of Drought Tolerance in Maize (Zea mays L.) due to Exogenous Application of Trehalose: Growth,Photosynthesis, Water Relations and Oxidative Defence Mechanism

The present investigation was conducted to assess the ameliorative effects of foliar‐applied trehalose on growth, photosynthetic attributes, water relation parameters and oxidative defence mechanism in two maize cultivars under field water deficit conditions. Various components of the experiment comprised two maize cultivars (EV‐1098 and Agaiti‐2002), two water‐stress levels (irrigation after 2 weeks and irrigation after 3 weeks during the entire period of growth), and two levels of trehalose (0 and 30 mm ) and four replicates of each treatment. Water stress significantly reduced the plant biomass production, photosynthetic attributes and water relation parameters in both maize cultivars. In contrast, water stress considerably increased the leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the levels of non‐enzymatic compounds such as ascorbic acid and tocopherols. In contrast, water stress caused a marked reduction in leaf phenolic contents. Foliar‐applied trehalose significantly increased plant biomass production, and improved some key photosynthetic attributes and plant–water relation parameters. The ameliorative effect of exogenously applied trehalose was also observed on the activities of some key antioxidant enzymes (POD and CAT) and non‐enzymatic compounds (tocopherols and phenolics). Overall, exogenously applied trehalose considerably improved drought tolerance of maize plants by up‐regulating photosynthetic and water relation attributes as well as antioxidant defence mechanism.     

农机与农艺结合中存在的问题及对策

农机与农艺紧密结合,对于农业经济发展具有重要意义,是未来农业发展的必然趋势。阐述农机与农艺结合的重要性,分析农机与农艺结合过程中存在的问题,提出加快农机与农艺结合的有效措施,以期为现代农业的发展提供参考。     

“东北农机”平台的整体架构设计

依托"东北农机"平台,分析东北地区农业机械化互联网信息领域的潜力与前景,设计全新的平台架构,并对架构做简要说明与分析。     

我国农机标准化建设发展探析

为促进我国农机事业快速、健康发展，论述全面推进农机标准化建设的背景及条件，探讨加快农机标准化建设对我国农业发展的重要现实意义，总结我国农机标准化建设中存在的主要问题，并提出切实可行的发展措施。