Studies on platelet aggregation using the Born method in normal and uraemic dogs

Using the Born method, based on light transmission in platelet rich plasma, the minimum effective concentration (threshold values) of several platelet agonists for inducing maximum platelet aggregation was determined in healthy dogs. The final concentrations of aggregation agonists were as follows: adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (0.5-50 micromol/L; n = 75 healthy dogs), collagen (0.5-20 mg/mL; n = 75), thrombin (0.1-5 IU/mL; n = 75), ristocetin (1-10 mg/mL; n = 10), and epinephrine (5-50 micromol/L; n = 10). Reference values for maximum aggregation with a lower limit of > 80% were achieved for agonist concentrations 25 micromol/L ADP (80-98%), > or = 10 microg/mL collagen (80-96%), and > or = 1 IU/mL thrombin (80-97%). None of the concentrations of epinephrine and ristocetin used in this study induced quantitative aggregation in the whole group of healthy dogs. We also studied platelet aggregation in 14 uraemic dogs using selected concentrations of aggregation agonists. Aggregation was significantly decreased in uraemic dogs using intermediate agonist concentrations, i.e., in the region of the threshold concentration. In contrast, maximum aggregation was increased in uraemic patients compared to reference values using low concentrations of all three agonists (ADP: 1 micromol/L, collagen: 1 microg/mL, and thrombin: 0.1, 0.2 IU/mL).     

应用性诱剂测报与防治桑蛀虫的研究

性诱剂防治桑蛀虫试验结果表明，诱杀防治区的株受害率下降60.90％，枝受害率下降66.83％；迷向防治区的株受害率下降54.67％，枝受害率下降62.15％。性诱剂引诱蛾量高峰日可以代表发蛾高峰日,作出虫情预报。     

Effects of application rate and interval on the efficacy of sprayable pheromone for mating disruption of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta

The efficacy of microencapsulated sprayable pheromone was evaluated at different application rates and intervals for mating disruption of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (Busck), in apple orchards during 2002. The following treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications: (i) a low rate of pheromone (6.2 g a.i. ha⁻¹) applied at 14-day intervals, (ii) a medium rate of pheromone (12.4 g a.i. ha⁻¹) applied at 28-day intervals, (iii) a high rate of pheromone (24.7 g a.i. ha⁻¹) applied at 28- day intervals, and (iv) a non-pheromone control (insecticides only). The combination of a single insecticide application against first generationG. molesta at petal fall with one pheromone application each for the second, third and fourth generations at 12.4–24.7 g a.i. ha⁻¹ successfully controlled low populations. Pheromone-treated blocks. had significantly lower trap catches than those in the insecticide-treated control blocks. Among pheromone treatments, significantly more moths were caught in the 6.2 g compared with the 12.4 and 24.7 g rates. Fruit damage was <1% at harvest and there were no significant differences among treatments. Low rate frequent applications of sprayable formulation appeared to be effective under low pest pressure but efficacy declined with increasing populations. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach under higher pest pressure. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 13, 2005.     

生物炭对侵蚀黑土团聚体的影响

[目的] 探讨生物炭对侵蚀黑土团聚体的修复效果,揭示生物炭对侵蚀黑土团聚体的影响机制,为修复侵蚀黑土提供科学依据。[方法] 以侵蚀黑土为研究对象,研究未剥离农田（CK）、未剥离农田施生物炭（CK+BC）、模拟侵蚀土壤（RS）、侵蚀土壤施生物炭（RS+BC）4个处理生物炭对黑土团聚体的影响。[结果] 与CK处理相比,CK+BC处理中0.25～2 mm粒级团聚体含量增加了14.01%,RS+BC处理中0.25～2 mm粒级团聚体含量比RS处理增加了12.11%,生物炭提高了团聚体的几何平均直径（GMD）和大于0.25 mm团聚体含量,增加了CK+BC和RS+BC两个处理的原土和>0.25 mm粒级团聚体中的土壤有机碳含量（SOC）,GMD分别与SOC和交换性钠呈正相关和负相关,且SOC对团聚体的胶结作用大于交换性钠的分散作用,提高了侵蚀黑土团聚体稳定性。[结论] 生物炭改善黑土侵蚀后的结构,促进了土壤团聚化,对侵蚀土壤具有良好的修复作用,是修复侵蚀黑土的有效措施。     

一种用于连续寻优的蚁群爬山算法

针对蚁群算法在连续寻优过程初期信息素匮乏、搜索时间长、收敛慢的弱点,对蚁群算法进行改进,并结合爬山算法提出了一种新的蚁群爬山算法.将新的蚁群爬山算法用于求解连续全局优化问题,数值实验证明该算法是可行的、有效的,并且精度和效率优于蚁群算法.     

烟夜蛾性信息素的研究利用进展

介绍了烟夜蛾性信息素的生物学、行为学、化学组成、影响因子及其应用方面的研究进展。     

几种类型诱捕器对云杉八齿小蠹引诱效果的研究

云杉八齿小蠹(Ips typographus L.),是云杉的重要害虫,不仅侵害衰弱木或风倒木,还危害活立木,引起树木流脂,减少结实量,导致针叶大量脱落,最终使林木大片枯死。为了控制该虫的猖獗和危害,开展聚集信息素诱捕云杉八齿小蠹的试验。云杉八齿小蠹聚集信息素弥散载体含有效成份为甲基丁烯醇、顺式马鞭草烯醇、小蠹二烯醇。使用自制塑料水管、塑料薄膜和硬纸板涂胶等多种诱捕器,通过1988—1989两年的试验,证明了选用塑料膜制成的管型诱捕器,制作简易,使用方便,成本低廉,其成本仅为常用的塑料水管的1/10,而且材料易得,运输和携带均方便,适于林区推广使用。     

吉林省二化螟发生世代及药剂防治的初步研究

1999—2000年在吉林农业大学和长春郊区水稻田调查了二化螟发生的世代数并进行了药剂防治效果的试验。结果表明：二化螟在吉林省1年主要发生l代，但有局部世代现象，其发生高峰在6月末至7月上中旬，防治二化螟最有效的药剂是“杀虫单”，防效可达96．6％。     

昆虫气味受体研究进展

昆虫的嗅觉是其行为感觉的一种重要信号输入来源,在昆虫的气味识别过程中有多种蛋白质参与,它们在调控昆虫的取食、群集、交尾和产卵等一系列行为中起着重大作用,这些与昆虫嗅觉相关的蛋白主要包括气味结合蛋白(Odorant-binding Proteins,OBPs)、化学感受蛋白(Chemosensory Proteins,CSPs)、气味受体(Odorant Receptors,ORs)、离子型受体(Ionotropic Receptors,IRs)、感觉神经元膜蛋白(Sensory Neuron Membrane Proteins,SNMPs)和气味降解酶(Odorant degrading enzyme)等.其中,气味受体是嗅觉系统中的关键成员之一,具有识别气味分子并向下游传递嗅觉信号的重要作用,其介导的气味分子与嗅觉神经元树突上气味受体的专一性结合是重要的嗅觉识别基础.气味受体主要分为两类:传统气味受体和非典型性气味受体,传统气味受体具有识别气味分子的功能,在不同昆虫间的同源性较低;非典型性气味受体不能识别气味分子,它与普通气味受体共表达,协助它们完成对气味分子的识别,在不同昆虫间非典型性气味受体的序列较为保守.气味受体的功能验证主要采用培养细胞系法、电压钳技术和果蝇"空神经元"法,研究昆虫气味受体的功能可为寻找气味配体,开发针对害虫的食物引诱剂和驱避剂、性诱剂以及聚集信息素等奠定理论基础.文章从气味受体的鉴定与分类、结构、表达、系统进化关系以及功能等方面综述了国内外关于气味受体的研究进展,为昆虫嗅觉机制的研究及害虫的预防和治理提供参考.     

华北大黑鳃金龟性信息素粗提物的分离及活性组分初探

采用求偶时间观察及性信息素的室内定量生物测定法，确定了华北大黑鳃金龟释放性信息的高峰期为２０：００～２１：００时，活性粗提物的制取应在此时进行。性信息素粗提物的生物测定结果表明：用乙醇浸提性信息素腺体，所得粗提物显示较强引诱活性。色谱分离和收集馏分的生物测定结果表明：组分Ａ具有明显生物活性，是华北大黑鳃金龟性信息素的主要有效成分之一。