海岛优良树种在浙东沿海推广试验初报

于2013年,在浙东沿海三个生境类似地方,即舟山衢山、宁波象山、台州温岭,研究了保水剂对红楠(M-achilus thunbergii)、普陀樟(Cinnamomun japonicum var.chenii)、全缘冬青(Ilex integra)3树种容器苗造林保存率和生长的影响。结果表明:在舟山衢山,T20处理能显著提高3树种的造林保存率,较CK提高17.2%;而在宁波象山、台州温岭,则没有显著变化。在舟山衢山,T20处理的全缘冬青和普陀樟的苗高增量、地径增量、高增幅和地径增幅显著高于CK(P0.01);而在台州温岭和宁波象山,则没有显著差异(P0.05)。在3处试验地,红楠经过T20处理后苗高增量、地径增量、高增幅和地径增幅显著高于CK(P0.01),而宁波象山与台州温岭两地,该4项指标在P0.05水平上没有显著差异。     

板栗苞单宁提取物用于锗离子络合剂的研究

锗在半导体材料、金属材料、红外光学、光纤通讯及生物医药等领域有着广泛的应用。采用通常废弃的板栗苞为原料制备的板栗苞单宁提取物为络合剂,用于提取稀有金属锗的研究。分别考察了反应时间、反应温度、板栗苞单宁提取物用量、pH值、ZnSO4质量浓度等单因素对板栗苞单宁用于络合锗的影响,并通过正交试验得出最佳工艺条件:pH值2.5,单宁提取物用量为锗离子质量的36倍,ZnSO4质量浓度110 g/L。在此条件下25℃反应30 min沉锗率可达99.0%。     

Cu、Zn制剂对油橄榄容器苗生长和根系的影响

[目的]针对油橄榄容器苗存在主根较为粗大、须根极少、根系盘绕等现象开展化学制剂控根试验,找出适宜油橄榄容器苗的化学控根试剂,从而解决根系畸形导致的油橄榄苗木质量差等问题。[方法]采用4种不同浓度的CuSO_4制剂及ZnSO_4制剂对油橄榄2年生容器苗进行控根试验,测定苗高、地径及地上部、下部生物量,通过根系扫描仪分析根系生长特点,探讨各项生长指标以及生理指标对控根效果的影响。[结果]显示:(1)20 g·L~(-1)和60 g·L~(-1)的Cu制剂可提高容器苗的地上部分生长量;60 g·L~(-1)和200 g·L~(-1)的Cu制剂可显著增加生物量的积累。(2)200 g·L~(-1)的Cu制剂对苗木新根着生效果最为显著;120 g·L~(-1)的Cu制剂对根系的直径、表面积和体积有良好的促进作用;而不同ZnSO_4控根制剂处理对苗木侧根的各指标产生抑制作用。(3)枝条生长量与侧根长度呈显著正相关性;地径、枝条生长量与侧根表面积呈极显著正相关关系。(4)120 g·L~(-1)的Cu制剂处理后叶片的可溶性蛋白质含量最高,Cu制剂浓度为20 g·L~(-1)时,叶片的叶绿素含量增加。[结论]试验发现质量浓度为120 g·L~(-1)和200g·L~(-1)CuSO_4制剂控根效果良好,可运用于实际生产。     

Improvement mechanism of bondability in UF-bonded reed and wheat straw boards by silane coupling agent and extraction treatments

The effects of silane coupling agents and extractives on the wettability of reed and wheat straws were investigated. The inherent wettability of these materials was low but could be significantly improved by treating with silane coupling agents. The degree of improvement achieved by each silane coupling agent was different: Vinyl silane had almost no effect on wettability, epoxide silane was found to be more effective for reed straw, and amino silane was better for wheat straw. The wettability of these materials could also be improved by ethanol-benzene extraction, which resulted in more improvement in wheat straw than reed straw. The analyses of untreated reed and wheat straws by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) revealed that there was much silicon on both the outer and inner surfaces of the former but only on the outer surface of the latter. The influence of hot-water extractives and silane coupling agents on the gelation time and pH of urea formaldehyde (UF) resin was also examined. The addition of extractives was found to increase the gelation time. Amino silane greatly retarded the gelation of OF resin, whereas epoxide and vinyl silanes had no influence on resin gelation. This retardation was found to be due to an increase in the pH of the resin.     

倍花制取高纯单宁酸的试验研究

以倍花为原料,利用单宁酸多基配位体容易与中心离子络合形成环状结构螯合物沉淀特性,通过络合还原和溶剂萃取相结合的方法制取高纯食用单宁酸。研制出的倍花高纯单宁酸主要技术指标达到食用单宁酸LY/T1641-2005一等品以上标准要求。     

低毒快速固化酚醛树脂胶研制及应用

用复合催化剂和先进缩聚工艺制得的快速固化酚醛树脂胶具有低毒和快速固化的优点添加5％～10％固化剂 可使酚醛树脂胶的热压温度、热压时间与脲醛树脂胶相近。该胶适用于制造室外级胶合板、刨花板、中纤板。     

Biology,incidence and host susceptibility of Pineus boerneri (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in Colombian pine plantations

Adelgids (Hemiptera) in the genus Pineus have been reported as introduced insect pests causing serious losses to Pinus plantations worldwide. In 2008, Pineus boerneri was recorded for the first time in Colombia, with infestations noted on Pinus kesiya, P. tecunumanii, P. maximinoi and P. oocarpa. The lack of information on this insect in Colombia prompted investigations of its life cycle and infestation levels as well as host susceptibility of the main Pinus species planted in Colombia. In addition, the possibility of using a Ceraeochrysa species, an already established predator of adelgids in Colombia, for biological control was considered. Results showed that Pineus boerneri in Colombia has an anholocyclic life cycle comprised of four instars with a complete duration of between 49 and 97 d. Infestations were higher in the middle and upper part of trees. Pinus kesiya and P. maximinoi had the highest levels of susceptibility in field as well as in greenhouse trials. A survey of naturally infested trees showed P. tecunumanii to be moderately susceptible, whereas P. patula and P. oocarpa had low levels of susceptibility in a greenhouse trial but were not susceptible in the field. Investigations considering the impact of predation of Ceraeochrysa species showed a high predation rate of up to 140 P. boerneri consumed per day by a single Ceraeochrysa individual. Other predators of P. boerneri were recorded but were not sufficiently common to warrant detailed study.     

巨尾桉扦插育苗技术研究

采用不同母株年龄的穗条、不同类型的插条、不同基质配比及不同浓度生根剂进行巨尾桉扦插育苗试验。结果表明:巨尾桉插条随母株年龄增大其生根率和生长量下降;嫩枝扦插生根率高、平均根数多、生长快;用珍珠岩和红土等量均匀混合的基质扦插效果好;用质量分数为50×10-6~200×10-6浓度的IBA浸泡2 h,能较大幅度提高扦插成活率。     

竹材防霉染色处理的初步研究

以铜化物、硼化物、新洁尔灭的质量分数为因素,按正交试验方案组成不同配比的复合防霉药剂,分别加入到质量分数为1%的酸性染料溶液中,在一定温度下对竹材进行防霉染色处理;同时测定防霉染色处理竹材与染色处理竹材的色度指数,并评价其变化.结果表明:将该复合防霉剂与酸性大红染液复配,不仅能提高染色竹材的防霉性,而且防霉剂的配比对竹材的染色效果基本无影响.