猪细小病毒病油乳剂灭活疫苗保存期试验

将猪细小病毒病油乳剂灭活疫苗在2～8℃保存12～15个月后,进行了物理性状、无菌检验、安全检验及效力检验,检验结果符合<中华人民共和国兽用生物制品质量标准>.     

Adjuvanted Outer Membrane Protein Vaccine Protects Poultry against Infection with Salmonella enteritidis

The immunogenicity of a sonicated extract (SE) and of outer membrane proteins (OMP) of Salmonella enteritidis was tested in birds of about 8 weeks of age. The dose, route of vaccination and the adjuvant used varied in different groups of birds. Two vaccine doses with or without adjuvant were given parenterally or orally 3 weeks apart. OMP vaccines gave significantly higher antibody titres than SE vaccines, as indicated by ELISA. The vaccines adjuvanted with oil produced higher antibody titres than those without any adjuvant. A dose of 1 mg of vaccine produced higher antibody titres than 0.5 mg of vaccine. Adjuvanted vaccine given subcutaneously elicited higher antibody responses than oral vaccines given without adjuvant. The birds were challenged with virulent S. enteritidis organisms at the end of the second week after a booster dose. None of the birds given 1 mg of OMP vaccine subcutaneously shed the organisms when tested by culturing cloacal swabs, although a few birds vaccinated with 0.5 mg of OMP vaccine did so. In general, adjuvanted OMP vaccines gave better protection than SE vaccines.     

不同喷雾助剂对稻田除草剂减量作用的研究

采用田间试验方法开展了β助剂、迈丝、益泽、激健4个喷雾助剂对氰氟草酯和灭草松的减量使用技术研究。结果表明,使用100 g/L氰氟草酯乳油防除稻田杂草稗Echinochloa crusgalli、千金子Leptochloa chinensis时,分别添加β助剂、益泽、激健3个喷雾助剂均可降低其使用量30%,添加迈丝可降低其使用量20%;使用480 g/L灭草松水剂防除多花水苋Ammannia multiflora、丁香蓼Ludwigia prostrata和异型莎草Cyperus difformis等杂草时,添加β助剂可降低其使用量30%,分别添加迈丝、益泽、激健3个喷雾助剂均可降低其使用量至少20%。两种稻田常用除草剂减量20%～30%后添加喷雾助剂施用对水稻生长和产量均无不良影响。     

中药有效成分对动物疫苗的免疫佐剂效果及相关机理研究进展

佐剂作为疫苗的重要组成部分,其自身的安全性及对疫苗的免疫增强效果受到广泛重视。动物疫苗佐剂种类较多,包括铝佐剂、油乳佐剂和脂质体佐剂等。但由于可应用的佐剂有限,疫苗的需求量增大,因此寻求更加安全有效的疫苗佐剂成为新的研究热潮。中药具有易获取、毒性低和免疫活性强等特点,有潜力成为新型疫苗佐剂。笔者对中药有效成分的佐剂活性、联合疫苗后的免疫调节效果及作用机制进行综述,阐明中药有效成分作为动物疫苗佐剂的可能性及研究进展,为新型佐剂的研制提供理论依据。     

大田环境中不同助剂和喷头对无人机喷洒雾滴分布和漂移的影响

目的 探索在大田环境中不同助剂和喷头型号对无人机喷洒雾滴分布和漂移的影响。方法 利用色素染色法染色雾滴,使用大疆MG-1S无人机进行喷洒作业,并收集雾滴卡进行扫描分析。喷洒中使用φ为1%的不同助剂溶液或不同种类喷头,以比较助剂和喷头对雾滴分布的影响。结果 室内喷洒φ为1%助剂溶液时,雨燕油性助剂、禾大助剂提高雾滴粒径的效果较优。IDK 120-01喷头增大雾滴粒径效果最明显。在大田测试中,所有的助剂相比清水对照都降低了漂移。大部分雾滴集中于距离喷洒航线2 m距离内。离地80 cm处的雾滴沉积量比离地50 cm的雾滴沉积量少40%~60%。雨燕油性助剂在目标区域沉积较多。目标区域内使用IDK 120-01喷头的雾滴沉积量最大,但单位面积的雾滴数量较少。结论 使用助剂和大粒径喷头均可以明显降低雾滴漂移,提高目标区域雾滴沉积量。不同助剂抗漂移效果有明显差异。     

喷雾助剂对25g/L五氟磺草胺OD增效作用及安全性评价

通过室内盆栽法测定了25g/L五氟磺草胺OD加入甲基化植物油型喷雾助剂迈丝对水稻田杂草硬稃稗、鳢肠的防除效果,同时调查了对水稻安全性的影响。试验结果表明25g/L五氟磺草胺OD低剂量(0.6 g.ai/667m²)+0.3%迈丝用于水稻田防除杂草,能提高防除效果,略优于25g/L五氟磺草胺OD低剂量(0.6 g.ai/667m²)+0.03%有机硅,同时对水稻苗生长安全。     

三种佐剂对鸡体液免疫影响的比较

佐剂是疫苗的重要组成部分,不同佐剂对体液免疫会产生不同的作用.选择合适的佐剂不仅可以增强疫苗的免疫效果,而且可以提高机体的抵抗力.本试验选用白油佐剂、弗氏佐剂和蜂胶佐剂分别与灭活的新城疫病毒制成疫苗,免疫雏鸡,探讨不同佐剂对鸡体液免疫的影响.结果表明,试验组鸡抗体水平高,饲养至61日龄均未发生新城疫,其中弗氏佐剂的效果最好,蜂胶佐剂的效果次之,油佐剂的效果最次.     

猪C3d分子佐剂PRRSV GP5基因核酸疫苗的构建及免疫效果的研究

 【目的】构建猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）GP5基因C3d-P28分子佐剂重组质粒,探明C3d-P28分子佐剂的免疫增强效果。【方法】用大肠杆菌疫苗对健康猪进行免疫激活,提取猪肝脏总RNA,RT-PCR克隆C3d-P28并连接至pUC19载体,构建pUC19-P28.n（2、4、6）串联体,然后分别将P28.n（2、4、6）连接至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1构建成 pcDNA3.1-P28.n（2、4、6）。RT-PCR扩增PRRSV GP5基因,分别定向克隆至pcDNA3.1-P28.n（2、4、6）中,构建pcDNA3.1-GP5-P28.n（2、4、6）重组质粒;提取重组质粒进行双酶切、电泳,同时用重组质粒转染Marc 145细胞,经间接免疫荧光进行蛋白表达检测,并用重组质粒免疫小鼠,通过ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠体内抗体、IL-4和IFN-γ的水平,检验重组质粒的免疫效果。【结果】从猪肝脏中克隆了C3d cDNA,构建了pcDNA3.1-P28.n（2、4、6）串联体,并将PRRSV GP5基因定向克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-P28.n（2、4、6）中,构建了PRRSV GP5重组质粒（pcDNA3.1-GP5-P28.2、pcDNA3.1-GP5-P28.4、pcDNA3.1-GP5-P28.6）;通过检测小鼠血清中抗体、IL-4和IFN-γ的结果显示,抗体效价、IL-4和IFN-γ含量均比对照组高,且以pcDNA3.1-GP5-P28.6组的效果最好,与空白对照及PCDNA3.1-GP5组比较差异均显著（P<0.05）。【结论】构建了猪补体C3d-P28分子佐剂PRRSV GP5重组质粒,该质粒可刺激机体产生较高的体液免疫和细胞免疫水平,补体 C3d-P28分子佐剂能显著增强PRRSV GP5基因的免疫效果。     

Antibody Response in Sheep Following Immunization with Streptococcus bovis in Different Adjuvants

Recent studies have shown that immunization with Streptococcus bovis using Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) may confer protection against lactic acidosis in sheep. The major objective of this study was to compare the antibody responses to S. bovis in a practically acceptable adjuvant (Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA); QuilA; dextran sulphate (Dex); Imject Alum; or Gerbu) and in FCA. Thirty-five sheep were randomly allocated to 7 treatment groups. Six groups were immunized with S. bovis in an adjuvant; the other group served as the non-immunization control. The primary immunization was administered intramuscularly on day 0, followed by a booster injection on day 28. Immunization with FCA induced the highest saliva and serum antibody responses. The saliva antibody concentrations in the FIA and QuilA groups were significantly higher than those in the Alum, Dex and Gerbu groups (p<0.01). The serum antibody concentration in the FIA group was significantly higher than those in the QuilA, Alum, Dex and Gerbu groups (p<0.01). Immunization enhanced the antibody level in faeces (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the different adjuvant groups (p>0.05). Seven and 14 days following booster immunization, the saliva antibody levels induced by QuilA and/or FIA were comparable with the level stimulated by FCA (p>0.05). There was a strongly positive correlation (R ² = 0.770, p<0.01) between the antibody concentrations in saliva and serum. Compared with the controls, a higher faecal dry matter content was observed in the animals immunized with either FCA or QuilA. The change in faecal dry matter content was positively associated with the faecal antibody concentration (R ² = 0.441, p<0.05). These results indicate that FIA and QuilA were effective at inducing high levels of antibody responses to S. bovis, and suggest that either Freund's incomplete adjuvant or QuilA may be useful for preparing a practically acceptable vaccine against lactic acidosis.