海洋贝类Toll样受体及信号通路的研究进展

Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)是模式识别受体家族(PRR)中重要的一员,它可以特异地识别病原体相关的分子模式(PAMP),激活信号级联、诱发固有免疫反应,在抵御病原微生物过程中发挥重要作用。TLRs最早在果蝇胚胎中发现,是一类进化高度保守的免疫受体家族,在果蝇及脊椎动物中研究得较为透彻。海洋贝类具有较高的经济价值及重要系统进化地位,近年来,大量贝类的Toll样受体及信号通路相关因子被发现。本文综述了Toll样受体的结构、信号通路和海洋贝类TLR及信号通路相关因子的研究进展,有助于丰富海洋贝类固有免疫理论研究。     

Effect of hydrogen sulfide on myocardial fibrosis and PPARγ and NF-κB expression in rat model of diabetes

AIM: To explore the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on the myocardial fibrosis in a rat model of diabetes and its mechanism.METHODS: Single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) was utilized to establish a rat model of diabetes. Sodium hydrosulfide was used as an exogenous donor of hydrogen sulfide. Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, STZ group, STZ+H₂S group and H₂S group. Eight weeks later, HE and VG staining methods were used to observe the collagen distribution and collagen volume fraction was measured by image analysis. The expression levels of type I collagen, PPARγ and NF-κB in the cardiac tissues were determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with control group, collagen distribution and the expression levels of type I collagen and NF-κB in the cardiac tissues were markedly increased (P<0.05), while PPARγ was significantly decreased in STZ group (P<0.05), but these indexes were reversed significantly in STZ+H₂S group (P<0.05). The expression levels of type I collagen, PPARγ and NF-κB had no significant difference between H₂S group and control group.CONCLUSION: Hydrogen sulfide attenuates cardiac fibrosis in diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be related to PPARγ-NF-κB signaling pathway.     

赤点石斑鱼Toll样受体(TLRs)基因家族的鉴定、进化与表达

为研究赤点石斑鱼Toll样受体(TLRs)的进化、分布及表达模式,本实验基于已公开的赤点石斑鱼基因组和转录组数据,利用Blast、系统进化与共线性等生物信息学方法,分析赤点石斑鱼TLRs基因家族的系统进化、染色体分布及在各组织中的表达模式。结果显示,在赤点石斑鱼中共鉴定出17个TLR基因,这些基因分属于5个亚家族(TLR1、TLR3、TLR5、TLR7和TLR11),分别分布在24条染色体中的11条染色体上;17个TLR基因在赤点石斑鱼不同组织中具有不同的表达模式,然而,位于相同染色体上的TLR基因的不同拷贝则存在相似的表达模式。其中EaTLR18-1与EaTLR18-2均位于9号染色体上,二者的表达模式高度相似,均在心脏中高表达;同位于20号染色体上的EaTLR2-1a与EaTLR2-1b的表达模式也高度相似,均在脑中高表达;EaTLR5M与EaTLR5S同位于14号染色体上,二者不仅具有高度相似的LRR结构域,且在不同组织中的表达水平也高度相似;而位于18号染色体的EaTLR7与EaTLR8和位于4号染色体的EaTLR2-2与EaTLR3,其表达模式却存在明显差异。研究结果可为鱼类...     

饲料中添加酵母提取物对凡纳滨对虾免疫相关基因表达及抗菌机能的影响

为了评估饲料中添加酵母提取物对凡纳滨对虾免疫灵敏性和平衡性的相关基因表达的影响,以鱼粉含量为24.5%的基础饲料(对照组)及在基础饲料中添加2.5%酵母提取物的实验饲料,分别饲喂凡纳滨对虾56 d,检测两种饲料投喂的对虾在急性感染溶藻弧菌前后鳃组织Toll受体、IM D和溶菌酶mRNA表达量变化及感染后的对虾死亡情况。结果表明:摄食添加酵母提取物饲料的凡纳滨对虾鳃组织中Toll受体mRNA和溶菌酶mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组对虾(P0.05),IMD mRNA表达量与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05)。急性感染溶藻弧菌后,两组对虾鳃组织Toll受体、IMD和溶菌酶mRNA表达量随感染进程均出现显著变化,Toll受体、IMD和溶菌酶mRNA表达量峰值出现的时间分别为24、42和36 h,且摄食添加酵母提取物组对虾各基因的表达量峰值分别为对照组峰值的201.06%、481.46%和276.77%,均显著高于对照组对虾(P0.05)。摄食添加酵母提取物饲料组对虾鳃组织中Toll受体和IM D mRNA表达量在感染溶藻弧菌后12和24 h分别出现显著上调,而对照组对虾鳃组织中Toll受体和IMD mRNA表达量分别在感染弧菌后24和42 h才出现显著上调。两组对虾经溶藻弧菌人工急性感染后72 h内的累积死亡率无显著差异(P0.05)。实验表明,饲料中添加酵母提取物上调了溶藻弧菌感染前凡纳滨对虾Toll受体和溶菌酶mRNA的表达量,提早了溶藻弧菌感染后对虾Toll受体和IMD mRNA表达量上调时间,且增加了对虾Toll受体、IM D和溶菌酶mRNA表达量的峰值,在一定程度上提高了凡纳滨对虾免疫相关基因表达的灵敏性。     

AR regulates porcine immature Sertoli cell growth via binding to RNF4 and miR-124a

Sertoli cells are the only somatic cells in the seminiferous epithelium which directly contact with germ cells. Sertoli cells exhibit polarized alignment at the basal membrane of seminiferous tubules to maintain the microenvironment for growth and development of germ cells, and therefore play a crucial role in spermatogenesis. Androgens exert their action through androgen receptor (AR) and AR signalling in the testis is essential for maintenance of spermatogonial numbers, blood–testis barrier integrity, completion of meiosis, adhesion of spermatids and spermiation. In the present study, we demonstrated that AR gene could promote the proliferation of immature porcine Sertoli cells (ST cells) and the cell cycle procession, and accelerate the transition from G1 phase into S phase in ST cells. Meanwhile, miR-124a could affect the proliferation and cell cycle procession of ST cells by targeting 3′-UTR of AR gene. Furthermore, AR bound to the RNF4 via AR DNA-binding domain (DBD) and we verified that RNF4 was necessary for AR to regulate the growth of ST cells. Above all, this study suggests that AR regulates ST cell growth via binding to RNF4 and miR-124a, which may help us to further understand the function of AR in spermatogenesis.     

Comparison of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and melatonin receptor type 1B immunoreactivity between young adult and aged canine spinal cord

Melatonin affects diverse physiological functions through its receptor and plays an important role in the central nervous system. In the present study, we compared immunoreactivity patterns of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), an enzyme essential for melatonin synthesis, and melatonin receptor type 1B (MT2) in the spinal cord of young adult (2~3 years) and aged (10~12 years) beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AANAT-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of spinal neurons, and was significantly increased in aged dog spinal neurons compared to young adult spinal neurons. MT2-specific immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of spinal neurons, and was predominantly increased in the margin of the neuron cytoplasm in aged spinal cord compared to that in the young adult dogs. These increased levels of AANAT and MT2 immunoreactivity in aged spinal cord might be a feature of normal aging and associated with a feedback mechanism that compensates for decreased production of melatonin during aging.     

雏鸡脑雌激素受体的表达及分布

采用免疫组化SP法研究了雌激素受体在lO日龄雏鸡脑组织内的表达，着重观察了雌激素受体在小脑、中脑、下丘脑及端脑的分布。研究表明，雌激素受体主要存在于细胞核中，少数区域仅存于胞浆或胞膜。雌激素受体在脑内分布广泛。在小脑中部皮质的颗粒层、蒲肯野氏层，中脑的中央白质、外侧丘系腹侧核、视束、后连合等区域，雌激素受体免疫反应产物为高密度；在小脑前部皮质的颗粒层，中脑中央灰质、尾侧线形核，端脑副高纹状体等区域，雌激素受体免疫反应产物为中等密度；小脑前部皮质的蒲肯野氏细胞，下丘脑视上核，端脑原始旧纹状体等区域，雌激素受体免疫反应产物为低密度。结果揭示，在鸡脑早期发育过程中，雌激素起著广泛而重要的作用。     

Alteration of somatostatin receptor 2 expression in canine mammary gland tumor

Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is a negative regulator of cell proliferation in human breast cancer. Since there is little information about SSTR2 in canine mammary gland tumor (MGT), we clarified its distribution and expression level in normal mammary gland, benign MGT and malignant MGT. SSTR2 expression determined by immunohistochemical staining was observed in the cytoplasm of luminal epithelial cells. The intensity was negatively correlated with malignancy: normal tissues and some of the benign tumors had the highest levels, while the malignant tumors had little or no SSTR2 expression. As for the Western blotting, SSTR2 protein level in benign tumors was significantly lower than the normal mammary gland. On the other hand, SSTR2 protein levels in two of three malignant tumors were higher than the other groups. These results suggest that SSTR2 expression alters according to the malignancy of canine MGT.     

鸡促卵泡素及其受体基因在多个非繁殖组织中的表达研究

本研究利用PCR和免疫组化等方法,对FSHR和FSH基因在鸡多个非繁殖系统的组织器官中的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达以及相关性进行了分析.结果显示:在心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺和十二指肠中FSHR mRNA和蛋白以及FSH蛋白水平具有相同的表达趋势,表达丰度从大到小依次为肝脏、心脏、肾脏、肺和十二指肠.而在脾脏、胃、腿肌和胸肌中未检测到FSHR mRNA和蛋白以及FSH蛋白水平的表达;在检测的9个组织中,均无FSHmRNA的表达.相关性分析结果表明,在肝脏、心脏、肾脏、肺和十二指肠中各组织器官质量与组织中的FSH蛋白水平具有显著或极显著的正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);各组织中的FSHR mRNA和蛋白水平均与FSH蛋白水平存在显著或极显著正相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).本研究初步证明,机体其他部位表达分泌的促卵泡素,在多个非繁殖组织器官(肝脏、心脏、肾脏、肺和十二指肠)中通过调控促卵泡素受体基因的表达来影响北京油鸡不同组织的发育.     

病毒受体研究技术进展

病毒受体是生物体内与病毒结合的受体分子,与病毒的感染密切相关.在病毒感染的过程中,受体起着至关重要的作用.因此,对病毒受体的研究是明确病毒致病机理的关键.论文简要介绍了几种传统的研究受体的方法,并对一些研究受体的新方法进行了重点介绍.