Growth and development of Cirsium arvense in relation to herbicide dose,timing of herbicide application and crop presence

The aim of this study is to assess control effects of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) dosage, application timing and crop presence on the weed Cirsium arvense. Swedish farmers are recommended to control C. arvense chemically when most shoots are 10-20 cm tall, and mechanically at the compensation point (CP). Recent studies have shown that the CP occurs before shoots reach the three-leaf stage. We hypothesised that (i) herbicide application near the three-leaf stage gives the strongest control, (ii) crop presence increases herbicide effects, and (iii) a 50% herbicide dose gives the same effect as 100%. Treatments of the pot experiment consisted of MCPA 750; 0%, 50% and 100% of the recommended dose applied at leaf stages 3-8, with and without barley. The strongest control was obtained at four leaves and a maximum shoot height of 13 cm, using the recommended dose and with spring barley. In a field population, a maximum shoot height of 13 cm corresponded to a medium height of 6 cm. The 50% dose gave poorer control. Spraying with the recommended dose at the four-leaf stage reduced the development of C. arvense most effectively. Based on this, we recommend that herbicide spraying should be performed at earlier leaf stages/median heights than previously recommended.     

二棱大麦LEA cDNA的克隆与测序

从二棱大麦 ( H ordeum distichon Linn.)幼苗中提取总 RNA,通过 RT- PCR获得目的片段 HDCS1 ,并采用 T-载体进行克隆。测序结果表明 ,HDCS1全长 664bp,含有 1个完整的阅读框架。其编码蛋白质全长 2 0 2个氨基酸 ,含有 8个由 1 1个氨基酸残基组成的基元序列 ,属第 3组 LEA蛋白。HDCS1与大麦 ( H ordeum vulgare L.) L EA蛋白、HVA1具有高度同源性 ,其差异在于 HDCS1比 HVA1缺少一个完整的由 1 1个氨基酸残基组成的基元序列     

焦作地区野果植物资源的调查与研究

焦作地区山地广阔,自然条件优越,植物资源十分丰富,且有很多可供开发利用的野生植物资源。其中野果植物是野生植物资源中利用价值较高的类群。据初步统计,焦作地区有各类野果植物12科、75种(含变种、变型)。然而,目前这些野果资源未被人们充分重视和利用。     

Manihot flabellifolia Pohl,wild source of resistance to the whitefly Aleurotrachelus socialis Bondar (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Aleurotrachelus socialis is one of the most important pests of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in the Neotropics. In Colombia, high whitefly populations can reduce crop yields by 79%; and although the farmers intensify the use of insecticides, this practice is highly contaminating, costly and leads to the development of resistance in the insect. An alternative for managing whitefly populations is to develop genetically resistant varieties. Wild parents of Manihot are a useful source of genes against pests for the cultivated species of cassava. Based on prior research that showed the existence of moderate-to-high levels of resistance to A. socialis in Manihot flabellifolia, a wild species of cassava, this study was proposed to characterize this new source of resistance, evaluating the biology and demographics of A. socialis on eight accessions of M. flabellifolia, a susceptible check (CMC-40) and a resistant (MEcu72) check. The averages of A. socialis longevity and fecundity on the accessions were not significantly different to MEcu72, but different from CMC-40 (P < 0.05). Development time was not significantly different, ranging from 35–40 days on accessions and MEcu72 and 33.5 days on CMC-40 (P < 0.05). In contrast, the population growth rate (r_m) was significantly lower on the M. flabellifolia accessions, with Fla 61 standing out with a growth rate 98 and 99% less than that obtained on MEcu72 and CMC-40, respectively. Once the resistant levels have been identified to A. socialis on the M. flabellifolia accessions, interspecific crosses of M. esculenta subsp. M. flabellifolia and backcross programs could be developed to incorporate the desirable characteristics from the wild relatives into elite progenitors of M. esculenta.     

大麦芽阿魏酸酯酶的分离纯化及其部分酶学性质的测定

本试验采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析、DEAE-52离子交换层析对大麦芽中的阿魏酸酯酶(FAE)进行了分离纯化,并测定了其部分酶学性质。结果显示,分离纯化后获得了阿魏酸酯酶纯品,纯化倍数达34倍;经SDS-PAGE电泳显示为单一条带,并测定其相对分子质量约为29.3 ku;最适反应温度为50℃;最适pH为5.5,但阿魏酸酯酶在60℃以下,pH 4.5~7.5之间有较好的稳定性;Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe3+对酶活有很强的抑制作用,Na+和EDTA对酶有一定的激活作用。     

三种野生百合实生后代的植物学性状比较分析

[目的]研究岷江百合、卷丹百合和淡黄花百合3种野生百合实生后代的植物学性状。[方法]通过对3种野生百合的实生种子进行播种,全生育期调查实生后代的株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶面积、基干高度、鳞茎质量等植物学性状。[结果]不同品种间和同品种间均存在一定的差异,均以种间表现为差异极显著,而个体间差异不显著。[结论]该研究为野生百合今后的遗传育种、产业化快繁等方面提供支持。     

麦类赤霉病研究进展

由镰刀菌引起的麦类赤霉病是大麦和小麦最重要的病害之一。本文综述了近年来在麦类赤霉病致病病原菌种及分子鉴定、病原菌产毒及毒素化学型分子检测、大、小麦赤霉病病原菌种群结构、病原菌抗药性及新药剂研发、病害流行预测和品种抗病性研究等方面的进展。     

Consumer perception versus scientific evidence of farmed and wild fish: exploratory insights from Belgium

The increasing number of marketable fish being supplied from aquaculture is a response to the increasing demand for healthy food and is filling the gap left by depleting natural fish stocks. Little is known about the awareness and perception of the consumer in terms of farmed fish versus fish from capture fisheries. The consumer's subjective point of view is of overriding importance for the production system and product acceptance as well as for future market success. In this paper consumer perception in Belgium is explored and compared against scientific evidence of farmed versus wild fish. Primary data were collected through a consumer survey (April 2003) and focus group discussions (May 2004) with Belgian consumers. The majority of the consumer sample reported no perceived differences between farmed versus wild fish. However, mean perception scores were slightly in favour of wild fish on the attributes taste, health and nutritious value, in particular among consumers aged 55 years and older. The availability of farmed fish was perceived to be better than that of wild fish, while the consumer's perception of safety did not differ between farmed and wild fish. The focus group discussions indicated that consumers’ opinions and beliefs about farmed fish are mainly based on emotion and image transfer from intensive terrestrial livestock production rather than on awareness and factual knowledge of aquaculture.

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus) 4个地理群体体色差异分析

对鸭绿江口、莱州湾、海州湾、舟山4个野生群体的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)头胸甲颜色进行观察及大螯斑点、头胸甲斑点、游泳足斑点数量统计,采用单因子方差分析和判别分析法对其进行比较。结果显示,4个地理群体头胸甲颜色存在显著差异,斑点数量存在显著或极显著差异;对样本所属群体进行判别分析,4个群体雌蟹的综合判别率为53.3%,其中海州湾最高,为83.3%;莱州湾最低,为30.0%;说明根据斑点数量不能精确完成个体群体归属判定。建立4个群体各自的判别函数公式,通过对同样环境下养殖的4个群体子代进行单因素方差分析,发现子代间差异减少;而家系结果显示,子代头胸甲颜色和亲本差异较大,斑点为中间型。综合以上数据初步判定,三疣梭子蟹体色受环境和遗传共同作用,且环境因素为主导因素。     

我国野生稻资源保护研究进展

[目的]研究近20年来我国对野生稻资源保护的进展。[方法]通过对原位保护、异位保护、原位保护和异地保护相结合的方法对野生稻保护效果的阐述,综述目前野生稻资源保护的研究进展。[结果]有的学者认为,原位保护是保护野生稻的一种有效途径;另外一些学者认为异位保护是保护野生稻的有效途径;也有人认为应采用原位保护和异地保护相结合的方法保护野生稻。[结论]尽管目前的方法对我国野生稻资源的保护有了一定的效果,但是具体、科学、有效的保护方法还需进一步研究和发展。