我国大麦选育品种核心种质的初步构建

核心种质有效地提高了种质资源的利用效率。试验从1 142份大麦选育品种(系)中筛选出118份种质构建了核心种质库,占总体资源的10.33%。利用χ2测验检测了核心种质与全部种质农艺性状分布频率的一致性,除了芒形、穗和芒色以及粒色有极显著性差异,其他性状均无显著性差异。对两者数量性状的平均值进行了t测验,方差进行了F测验,两者的株高、穗粒数和千粒重3个数量性状均无显著性差异。所构建的大麦选育品种(系)核心种质可以作为全部种质的代表样本。两者变异系数以及Shannon-weaver和Simpson遗传多样性指数的比较表明核心种质的个体间具有更大的变异程度和遗传多样性。     

黑龙江省海林地区野生榛蘑生长环境调查

对海林地区野生榛蘑生长环境、气候状况、土壤特性进行了调查,对其生长情况及其与生长环境的相关性进行了分析.结果表明：土壤、温湿度和降雨量是影响野生榛蘑菌丝、子实体生长的主要因素.     

菰核型分析和性细胞分裂的异常

本文进行了菰（ＺｉｚａｎｉａＣａｄｕｃｉｆｌｏｒａ（Ｔｕｒｃｚ．）Ｎａｎｄ－ｍａｚｚ．）染色体的核型分析，报道了菰染色体数目为ｚｎ＝３４，菰的花粉母细胞在减数分裂过程中，有一定数量的细胞表现了染色体的不规则行为，大部分表现在染色体的轻微落后和中期有明显的核仁存在，说明菰性细胞染色体行为不是完全稳定的，目的在于为野生菰在育种中的利用提供理论依据。     

Three edible wild mushrooms from Nigeria: Their proximate and mineral composition

The pilei (caps) and the stipes (stalks) of the button and early open-cap (cup) stages ofLentinus subnudus, Psathyrella atroumbonata andTermitomyces striatus were assayed separately for their proximate and mineral composition. The differences observed in the contents of some of the proximate components seem to be related to species and mushroom parts.P. atroumbonata was richest in crude and true protein,L. subnudus was richer in crude fiber, ash and carbohydrates. Mineral contents appeared to be dependent on type and parts of the mushrooms analysed. The three mushrooms were good sources of magnesium, zinc and iron.L. subnudus contained between 14.83 and 20.00 ppm of iron,P. atroumbonata contained between 20.01 and 22.09 ppm andT. striatus contained between 17.13 and 22.93 ppm of iron. The pilei ofP. atroumbonata andT. striatus are very good sources of zinc. Zinc contents for the pilei ofP. atroumbonata were 63.81 and 64.94 ppm respectively. Zinc contents forT. striatus were 90.45 and 92.49 ppm respectively.     

华东葡萄抗白粉病基因差异表达cDNA克隆与序列分析

为筛选和克隆华东葡萄抗白粉病相关基因,以高抗葡萄白粉病的华东葡萄株系白河-35-1为材料,采用mRNA差异显示(DDRT-PCR)技术进行在白粉病病原菌诱导下抗白粉病差异表达基因的研究,筛选出适宜DDRT-PCR的引物组合184对,获得抗白粉病差异表达的cDNA片段13个,序列分析结果显示其功能分别涉及转录调控、能量代谢、蛋白合成、防御反应等生理生化过程,表明华东葡萄白河-35-1抗白粉病是诸多代谢途径相互协调作用的结果。这些差异片段的获得为探明葡萄抗白粉病分子机制提供了前期理论基础。     

氮肥水平对冬大麦产量、品质和氮肥利用效率的影响及其相关分析

以扬饲麦3号、港啤1号、扬农啤2号和Frankin等4个品种为试材,分析施氮水平对冬大麦产量、品质和氮肥利用效率的影响及其相关性。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,各品种产量、单位面积有效穗数、每穗粒数、地上部含氮量及籽粒蛋白质含量增加,千粒重下降,各品种氮肥利用效率亦下降。不同氮肥处理水平下,大麦产量与千粒重呈极显著负相关,与籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著正相关,与氮肥偏生产力呈显著负相关。地上部氮积累量与氮肥生产效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥生理效率呈极显著负相关,千粒重与籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著负相关。氮肥生产效率与氮肥生理效率呈极显著正相关,氮肥农学效率与氮肥偏生产力呈显著正相关,氮肥偏生产力与氮肥生理效率呈显著正相关。     

紫外分光光度法测定啤酒大麦籽粒脂氧合酶活力的研究

为了明确影响啤酒大麦籽粒脂氧合酶(LOX-1)活力的参数,以甘啤4号啤酒大麦籽粒为研究对象,采用紫外分光光度法探究底物浓度、提取缓冲液p H、反应体系缓冲液p H、提取时间、粗酶加入量∶底物加入量等对LOX-1活力的影响。结果表明,LOX-1活力随底物浓度的增加表现为先增加后减小的趋势,当底物浓度达到0.30mmol·L~(-1)时,LOX-1活力显著高于其它处理;随提取缓冲液p H的增加,LOX-1活力表现为双峰变化趋势,且在p H值5.0处,酶活力为9.85U·g~(-1),显著高于其它处理;粗酶提取时间为30min时,LOX-1活力显著高于其它处理,低于或者高于30min,酶活力均呈现降低趋势;LOX-1活力随反应体系p H的增加,表现为双峰变化趋势,当p H值为6.4时,酶活力最大,且与其它处理间存在显著差异;在其它条件不变,粗酶加入量为50μL的情况下,增加底物加入量,LOX-1活力表现为先增加后减小的趋势,且底物加入量为200μL时,酶活力显著高于其它处理。最终确定紫外分光光度法的测定参数:粗酶提取时间为30min,底物浓度为0.25mmol·L~(-1),提取液和反应体系缓冲液分别为p H值5.0醋酸盐缓冲液与p H值6.4磷酸盐缓冲液,粗酶加入酶量∶底物加入量为1∶4。研究结果为紫外分光光度法在啤酒大麦籽粒LOX-1活力测定中的应用提供了参考。     

云南棕榈科观赏野生植物资源利用研究

本文介绍云南棕榈科野生植物资源的分布情况,对具有园林用途的棕榈观赏野生植物资源进行了分析,并提出棕榈野生植物在园林绿化中开发应用的相关建议及发展趋向。     

Phosphorus bioavailability in ash from straw and sewage sludge processed by low‐temperature biomass gasification

Reuse of phosphorus (P) from waste streams used for bioenergy conversion is desirable to reduce dependence on nonrenewable P resources. Two different ash materials from low‐temperature biomass gasification of wheat straw and sewage sludge, respectively, were investigated with regard to their P bioavailability. A set of pot experiments with spring barley was carried out to compare the ash P fertiliser value with mineral P fertiliser and the sewage sludge feedstock. An indirect radioactive labelling approach with ³³P was used to determine the amount of P taken up from the fertiliser materials. Depending on the application rate, straw gasification ash produced a fertiliser response comparable to mineral P. However, P uptake from the ash was generally less than uptake from equivalent amounts of mineral P, and the calculated relative effectiveness was 44% after 6 weeks of plant growth. In contrast, the P fertiliser value of Fe‐rich sewage sludge after low‐temperature gasification was practically zero. These results suggest that ash from low‐temperature gasification could be developed into alternative P fertilisers; however, as the P bioavailability depends greatly on the feedstock used, a greater emphasis on feedstock composition is required.     

Costs and benefits of wild goose conservation in Scotland

This paper applies the cost-benefit analysis framework to the issue of wild geese conservation in Scotland. Wild goose numbers have risen rapidly over the past 30 years, bringing nature conservationists into conflict with farmers whose crops are damaged. We estimate the costs of damage due to goose grazing to farmers in two goose areas, Strathbeg and Islay. Conservation benefits are estimated using a contingent valuation survey of the Scottish population, and we find that benefits outweigh costs by a very considerable margin. This can be seen as providing support for recent UK government moves to compensate farmers in goose areas in order to further conservation.