屋顶蓄水绿化技术研究

通过开展城市屋顶蓄水绿化的研究和实践,分析总结了屋顶水体的特点,进而得出,只要在屋顶蓄水绿化设计、施工、管理的过程中,遵循生态适应性、绿化为主、长期绿化和短期生产相结合等原则,精心设计,合理选择植物、植物载体、定植容器,科学管理,那么屋顶水体绿化确实可行,也将大有可为.     

Signals of summer drought in crown condition data from the German Level I network

Crown transparency estimates of Scots pine, Norway spruce, common beech, pedunculate and sessile oak, annually surveyed between 1990 and 2004 within a grid over Germany, provide a suitable response variable to study drought effects on forest trees. Major climatic factors, available on a monthly basis as plot-specifically interpolated values and parameters of site and stand conditions, biotic and other relevant factors were used as predictors in different cross- and length-sectional, and longitudinal models. Stand age is a considerable and most constant driver of crown transparency in all species. Pine, spruce and beech responded—mainly with a delay of 1 year—with some foliar loss in areas where there was a surplus of temperature after the generally hot and dry summer of 2003. Parallel time-series analyses delivered species-specific geographic large-scale patterns with delayed or recent precipitation deficits or temperature surpluses. Even if beech is partly responding in current years with leaf loss towards precipitation surpluses, defoliation is especially high 1 year after hot summers, partly a result of high seed sets after such summers. Crown condition of oak responds in dry and warm areas according to the drought stress hypothesis, however, in cool and wet mountainous ranges oak responds after wet summers with higher defoliation. Longitudinal approaches revealed for all 4-tree species significant relationships between crown condition and deviations from the long-term means of temperature, precipitation but also global radiation and wind speed. Results do not always match the drought stress hypothesis, however, this is not to expect considering the heterogeneous site, stand and climatic conditions across Germany. Complex interactions of climatic and biotic factors also impede simple relationships. Soil-related clusters reveal higher sensitivity of spruce and beech towards climatic drought factors on more acid soils with thin humus layers. Also clusters constructed from plot-specific courses of defoliation reveal groups with rather closer relationships like a group of pine plots in the Oberpfalz, which seems to be especially sensitive to summer drought.     

Water absorption of boron-treated and heat-modified wood

Heat treatments change the chemical and physical properties of wood and dimensional stability and hygroscopicity are affected as a result of modifications of wood cell components. This study evaluated the water absorption of wood specimens treated with boron compounds followed by heat treatment. Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood specimens treated with either boric acid (BA) or disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT) solutions were heat-modified at either 180° or 220°C for 2 or 4 h. Carbohydrate composition and water absorption of the specimens were then measured and compared with those of untreated and unheated specimens. Wood carbohydrates were significantly degraded in the specimens after heat treatment. The heat treatment evidently decreased the water absorption and the heat-modified specimens absorbed less water than unheated specimens. The higher the treatment temperature and the longer the treatment time, the lower the amount of absorbed water. The boron-treated and heat-modified specimens, however, showed increased water absorption due to the hygroscopic properties of BA and DOT.     

基于ETM＋的湖南省四水流域遥感调查

利用美国Landsat-7的ETM＋数据作为主要数据源，采用ERMAPPER7．0专用图像处理软件制作了湖南省四水流域和洞庭湖水域解译图，获取了湖南省水资源的空间分布信息。结果表明：湘、资、沅、澧四水和洞庭湖水域面积总和为6224．72km^2，其中洞庭湖水域面积为2710．13km^2，湘江省内长度为722．07km，资水省内长度为687．31km，沅水省内长度为597．35km，澧水省内长度为423．57km，说明利用遥感技术调查湖南省水资源具有快速、准确和高效的特点。     

荷花的品种及种藕的出口前处理

荷花,又名莲花,属睡莲科莲属的多年生水生花卉。在莲属的花卉中,仅有莲(Nelumbo nucifera)和美洲黄莲(N.rutea)两种。莲分布在亚洲、大洋洲,中国是莲的世界分布中心;美洲黄莲分布在北美洲,美国是美洲黄莲的世界分布中心。     

屋顶花园节水技术探讨

本文在分析屋顶花园用水问题的基础上,提出了可行的屋顶花园节水养护技术,包括选择抗旱植物和进行节水型植物配置,加强种植土和排水层的储水能力,使用喷灌、滴灌和地下滴灌等节水的灌溉方式。     

An approach to determining forest areas with recreational potential: The case of forest areas around main transportation roads in the Maçka Region of Trabzon,Turkey

It is most important to determine areas with recreation potential that can permit sustainable use of forest resources and also meet recreational uses. Under the method described in this study, using the Geographic Information System (GIS), a spatial suitability model for recreational use was combined with a recreational priority perceptual suitability model that depends on principal component analysis (PCA) and is based on the perceptions of both recreational users and experts. Using principal component analysis, five priority components explaining 69.371% of the total variance were identified out of 12 perceptual suitability components. These components are scenic beauty, accessibility, the surface of the landscape, tree type, and forest stand condition. The recreation terrain suitability value of an area with recreational potential was assessed with the assistance of these five priority components. This enabled us to generate a recreation terrain suitability value equation and a recreation terrain suitability value scale for a potential recreation area. This applicability of this approach was demonstrated in the identification of potential recreation areas in Trabzon, Turkey.     

东北亚地区协调发展中的森林和水资源保护问题

东北亚是指亚洲的东北部地区,按地理位置的分布,包括中国的东北、华北地区,俄罗斯远东西伯利亚地区,日本,韩国,朝鲜以及蒙古东部,也就是整个环太平洋地区。东北亚地区总面积900多万km2,总人口约3亿人,占世界经济总量的1／5。因此,探讨其陆地生态系统的森林和水资源问题就显得尤为必要。     

Soft X-ray observation of water distribution in the stem ofCryptomeria japonica D. Don II: Types found in wet-area distribution patterns in transverse sections of the stem

Using soft X-ray photography, two-dimensional observations were made of the water distribution within the green stem ofCryptomeria japonica D. Don. Variations in the distribution pattern of the wet area in the horizontal plane of the lower stem were described. The distribution patterns showed extreme variation among individual trees, with broad wet-area distribution types appearing, namely, the regularly distributed wet area and the irregularly distributed wet area. We defined five basic types of wet-area distribution patterns on the basis of their regularity or irregularity. It was concluded that the between-tree variation in the wet-area distribution causes the between-tree variation in the mean moisture content of the heartwood. The distribution patterns of the wet area were similar for individual trees within each plus-tree clone.Part of this paper was presented at 46th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society at Kumamoto, April 1996     

Effect of water potential on fruit body formation ofLentinula edodes in sawdust-based substrate

The influence of substrate water potential () on the growth and fruiting of three genotypes of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) was investigated. A slight reduction of (–0.5MPa) stimulated mycelial and colony growth on liquid, agar, and sawdust-based substrates.L. edodes has been found to grow well at a around –0.5 MPa, which corresponds to a moisture content around 55%. A small decrease in at the final vegetative growth phase had positive effects on flush quantity. The substrate was significantly affected by the interaction between genotypes and spawn run time. The of well-colonized mature substrate was –0.7MPa before and –4.OMPa after the fruiting. The rose again to –0.7MPa during rapid absorbance of water by soaking, and this rise was repeated during the second and third flushes. It is suggested that the water-holding capacity of a substrate is related to culture maturity. Excellent water-providing capacity (higher) is expected in the substrate of well-matured cultures with a high density of mycelial colonization.Part of this paper was presented at the 46th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 1996