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51.
梨叶叶龄与梨黑星病菌侵染发病的关系 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
田间试验结果表明,鸭梨叶片在生长发育期抗病性差,易感染黑星病;发育成熟后,抗病性逐渐增强。自然条件下,受叶片抗病性和孢子着落量的综合影响,鸭梨成熟叶片很少感染黑星病。鸭梨叶片从展叶到发育成熟,在梨树生长发育前期(盛花期后60d内)约需40d,后期(盛花期60d后)约需30d。正处在生长发育期的鸭梨叶片受侵染,潜育期为18-25d,发病后,病斑大,产孢期短;成熟叶片受侵染,潜育期多在40d以上,发病后,病斑小,产孢期长。梨树生长前期梨黑星病的流行主要由于大部分叶片正处在生长发育期抗病性较差;后期果实发病则主要源于成熟叶片内长期潜育和长期产孢的黑星病菌。 相似文献
52.
Hideo Ishii 《Pest management science》1997,51(3):383-386
Top fruit is grown widely in Japan but the wet climate favours the development of diseases; this, and the demand for blemish-free fruit, necessitates the use of chemical disease control. Many applications of fungicides during the growing season could lead to the development of resistance and this paper presents a brief history, current status and future management of resistance to fungicides with special reference to diseases of apples and Japanese pears. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
53.
采用孢子芽管长度法,测定了采自河北省不同地区的88个梨黑星病菌 Venturia nashicola 菌株对氟硅唑的敏感性,并测定了10个相对敏感菌株和5个相对抗性菌株对甲基硫菌灵、醚菌酯、福美双和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。结果表明:不同地区黑星病菌对氟硅唑的敏感性存在一定差异,平均EC50值为(1.3821±0.9276)μg/mL;氟硅唑对未使用过麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂(EBI)类杀菌剂的75个梨黑星病菌菌株的平均EC50值为(1.1676±0.6128)μg/mL,最大值是最小值的16.91倍,其敏感性分布频率呈连续性单峰曲线,且符合正态分布,故可作为敏感基线用于监测田间梨黑星病菌对氟硅唑的敏感性变化。不同菌株对5种药剂的敏感性相互关系分析表明,氟硅唑和苯醚甲环唑之间呈显著正相关,但与醚菌酯、甲基硫菌灵和福美双之间均不存在交互抗性关系。 相似文献
54.
Achim E. Gau Mostafa Koutb Markus Piotrowski Klaus Kloppstech 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(7):703-711
Leaves of apple (Malus domestica cv. Elstar) were infected with a cloned isolate of the apple scab Venturia inaequalis. The intercellular washing fluid (IWF) of these plants was collected and the variation in the composition of proteins in the IWF was analysed by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis during and after the infection with V. inaequalis, the causal agent of apple scab. The subsequent analysis of induced proteins by electron spray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectroscopy revealed the presence of -1,3-glucanase, chitinase, thaumatin-like protein and a cysteine-like protease in M. domestica leaves infected by V. inaequalis. These results were confirmed by immunoblotting with antibodies against some of these proteins. Moreover, a non-specific lipid transfer protein was identified in uninfected leaves: the amount declined to a non-detectable level within the first week after infection by V. inaequalis. The analysis of the IWF of M. domestica cv. Remo, bearing resistances to apple scab, powdery mildew and fire blight, showed a protein pattern comparable to that of the IWF from V. inaequalis infected leaves from cultivar Elstar indicating the constitutive production at least of some of the pathogenesis-related proteins in the resistant cultivar. 相似文献
55.
L. Gianfranceschi J. M. McDermott N. Seglias B. Koller M. Kellerhals C. Gessler 《Euphytica》1994,77(1-2):93-96
Summary We present the first attempts to find molecular markers (RAPDs) in the apple genome linked to theVf gene conferring resistance to scab. The availability of genetic markers will allow selection of individuals with resistance
genes in progeny. Moreover genetic markers allow us to recognise individuals with minimal linkage drag in back-crossing experiments
with wild species. The feasibility of the bulk-segregant analysis to identify linked markers has been demonstrated on several
occasions (Martin et al., 1991; Giovannoni et al., 1991; Michelmore et al., 1991). In this paper we report the preliminary
results proving that the method could also be applied successfully in allogamous plants. 相似文献
56.
We investigated the diurnal pattern of ascospore discharge of the Japanese pear scab fungus (Venturia nashicola Tanaka & Yamamoto) in an orchard. Ascospores of V. nashicola were mainly discharged during the day. Most ascospores were discharged from 7:00 to 19:00: 99.6% in 2001, 99.3% in 2002,
and 93.8% in 2005. Because the ascospores were discharged only when the fallen diseased leaves were wet from precipitation,
the wetness of these leaves is probably imperative for spore discharge. Ascospore discharge began immediately after precipitation
in the daytime. When it rained at night, however, ascospore discharge did not begin until the following morning and never
began immediately after precipitation. We also investigated other meteorological factors. When fallen diseased leaves were
wet, the percentage of ascospore discharge was positively correlated with the amount of solar radiation and atmospheric temperature
and negatively correlated with relative humidity. Ascospore discharge was interrupted by a decrease in solar radiation and
atmospheric temperature and by increased relative humidity at night. This report is the first that V. nashicola discharges ascospores primarily during the day. 相似文献
57.
Apple scab: numerical optimization of a new thermal time scale and application for modelling ascospore release in southern France 下载免费PDF全文
Adequate protection of apple trees during the primary contamination period is a cornerstone for management of apple scab. Correct timing of spring treatments is fundamental and thus, much effort has been devoted to forecasting ascospore release by Venturia inaequalis. Most models rely on degree‐day accumulation starting from a biofix date established yearly on the basis of biological observations. Here, the potential of using a single calendar date as a biofix and new types of time scales were explored, with the help of numerical optimization with field‐collected data. Using data acquired between 1996 and 2008, the daily rate of development for V. inaequalis primary inoculum was assessed by fitting generic time scale functions, a method that requires the smallest number of assumptions about the effect of temperature on the biological phenomenon. An optimal calendar biofix was established for Provence and use of non‐linear functions relating pseudothecial development rate to temperature for accumulating thermal time was compared with the usual linear response in standard degree‐day models. A model was then constructed using four additional years of data for validation. The predictive value of the model was further improved by adjusting the time scale with ‘accelerating rules’ to take into account the positive influence of rainy days on pseudothecial maturation prior to ascospore release. However, ‘halting rules’ inserted in the time scale to account for dry days during the ascospore release period strongly reduced the predictive value of the model for southern France, suggesting the possible occurrence of strains adapted to dry conditions. 相似文献
58.
Cem Ozkan 《Journal of pest science》2007,80(2):79-83
Laboratory experiments investigated the effect of host instar, light and food on the number of mature eggs in ovaries (egg
load) of the synovigenic parasitoid Venturia canescens (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). The wasps that developed from third or fifth instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were exposed to food (honey) or had no food, had access to water or not, and were reared
at the photoperiod 16:8 h light:dark or in continuous darkness at 25 ± 1°C, and 60–70% relative humidity. After death, the
parasitoids were dissected to remove the reproductive systems, and mature eggs in ovaries were counted. A three-way ANOVA
for egg number with host instar, food and light as factors revealed that egg load varied significantly. In addition, some
interactions among the three factors were also found to be significant. The maximum average number (215.80 ± 8.51) of mature
eggs was found when the parasitoids developed from third instar larvae, were exposed to continuous darkness and fed with honey.
In conclusion, host instar, food supplement and photoperiod could have potential for improving biological control efficacy
in stores. However, further studies determining the effect of these factors on egg laying behavior and fecundity should be
done. 相似文献
59.
60.
从苹果黑星病菌的生理小种、毒性变异、侵染过程,寄主反应、抗病基因的种类及其分子标记、抗病育种等方面对苹果黑星病进行了详细的综述,为苹果黑星病的抗病育种及相关研究工作奠定了基础,为苹果抗黑星病品种的合理布局、种质资源的收集和利用提供了指导。 相似文献