蛋清粉凝胶性与凝胶稳定性的研究

研究蛋清粉在贮藏期间所成凝胶的质构、持水性以及微观结构的变化。结果显示,蛋清粉的凝胶硬度、弹性、粘结性、持水性分别为346g/cm2、0.905、0.382、52.00%,25℃下贮藏180d后,蛋清粉的凝胶硬度与粘结性较贮藏初期并无显著性变化(P>0.05),而凝胶弹性与持水性与贮藏初期相比差异性显著(P<0.05)。蛋清粉的溶解性随贮藏时间的延长呈下降趋势,但降幅很小,25℃下贮藏180d时与贮藏初期相比无显著性差异(P=0.154)。500倍扫描电镜(SEM)下观察蛋清粉所成凝胶,其结构空隙很大,分布疏松,随贮藏时间的延长无明显变化。研究结果表明,贮藏时间与温度对蛋清粉的溶解性影响很小,而对蛋清粉的凝胶性影响较大,含水量是影响蛋清粉凝胶稳定性的重要因素。     

柞蚕丝素/丙二醇共混膜的制备及性能测试

为了开发适用于人工皮肤、创面覆盖等的生物材料,用硫氰酸锂溶液溶解柞蚕丝素纤维,制备不同配比的柞蚕丝素(TSF)/丙二醇共混膜。用X-射线衍射法、红外光谱法对不同配比共混膜的结构进行表征,并测定其溶失率和分析其力学性能变化。当TSF/丙二醇共混膜中丙二醇的质量分数<30%时,共混膜的聚集态结构主要以α-螺旋结构为主,此时共混膜的溶失率较高,仍有30%左右;随着共混膜中丙二醇的质量分数增加,共混膜的聚集态结构逐渐向β-折叠结构转变,溶失率也随之降低;当共混膜中丙二醇的质量分数达到45%以上时,共混膜基本不溶于水,溶失率<2%。同时,当共混膜中丙二醇的质量分数达到30%时,共混膜的断裂伸长率显著增大,虽然断裂强度有所减小,但即使丙二醇的质量分数达到45%时,断裂强度仍然有20 MPa左右。研究结果显示,丙二醇的加入能显著降低柞蚕丝素膜的溶失率,并改善其力学性能。     

脉冲电场处理对鸡蛋蛋白液特性的影响

采用高压脉冲电场处理鸡蛋蛋白液,研究了不同场强处理对蛋白液功能性质的影响.结果显示,蛋液pH值和电导率与场强的变化成正比,随场强的增加都有增大的趋势,且均表现为不同处理强度间变化不大;变性温度受影响较小,几种处理的变性温度基本相同;而蛋液黏度、凝胶弹性与场强的关系不明显,受影响较小.     

肝素或钙离子载体诱导牛、羊冻精体外获能的研究

本文采用肝素或钙离子载体(I-A)诱导牛、羊冻精体外获能,根据对去透明带仓鼠卵的穿透情况评定获能效果,并用台盼蓝·姬姆萨(TG)染色观察了精子的死活及顶体状态.结果发现,牛、羊冻精经肝素或I-A处理后与卵子一起培养,2 h穿透仓鼠卵,4 h开始形成雄原核,6 h形成发育良好的雄原核.牛冻精用50μg/mL肝素及0.1μmol/L I-A处理效果最好,穿透率分别为72.8％和92.3％;羊则以20μg/mL肝素及0.3μmol/L I-A为宜,穿透率分别为73.1％和68.O％.咖啡因与I-A或肝素并用均有协同作用,能提高精子的穿透能力,并能促进卵内原核的发育.肝素和I-A均能在体外诱导牛、羊冻精的顶体反应,有顶体反应活精子百分率与穿透率呈强正相关,羊冻精比较脆弱,获能处理后活力较低.     

Significance of local immunity in hen reproductive organs

The current paper describes aspects of local immunity in the ovary and oviduct, and the significance of immunity to reproductive functions in hens. The immunocompetent cell populations in the ovary and oviduct change with a positive correlation to sexual activity, and gonadal steroid is one of the key factors in the increase. Local immune responses mediated by major histocompatibility complex class II and T cell subsets occur in response to infection by Salmonella enteritidis, which may contaminate eggs. In the ovary, immunocompetent cells are also suggested to play roles in the regulation of ovarian functions. Macrophages and T cells are likely to enhance the regression of atretic follicles to maintain the ovarian tissue microenvironment. Autoantibodies to ovarian tissues appeared in the hens with low egg laying frequency, suggesting that the auto‐antibodies may be one of the factors in the decline of egg production. In the oviduct, local immunity possibly has a role in the selection of sperm, though the immunoreactions may also affect sperm survival leading to the decline in fertility. The concentration of yolk IgY, which plays a role in maternal immunity transmission, significantly decreases with the aging of birds, whereas it is significantly increased by estrogen. Therefore, the immune system plays significant roles not only in defense against infection, but also in the functions of reproductive organs. Investigations on the local immune system in the reproductive organs and factors affecting it are of importance for the production of sterile eggs and improvement of reproductive functions.     

Effect of Time and Storage Conditions on Albumen Quality of Eggs from Hens Fed Vanadium

This experiment was conducted to study the albumen quality of eggs from 60-wk-old hens fed 0 or 10 ppm supplemental vanadium (V) as influenced by storage conditions and length of storage time as well as the effect of V feeding and withdrawal on albumen quality over time. After hens were fed V for 23 d, eggs were collected and stored in the laying house at ambient temperature or in a cooler (15.5°C, 60% relative humidity) for 1, 3, 5, or 7 d. Eggs were then broken, and Haugh units (HU) were calculated. Hens fed V had poorer albumen quality than eggs from birds fed the control diet (62.5 vs. 72.1 HU, respectively). Eggs stored in the layer house had poorer albumen quality than those stored in the cooler (63.9 vs. 70.7 HU, respectively). Increasing storage time also had a detrimental effect on albumen quality. Quality declined more rapidly in eggs stored at ambient temperature than in the cooler, but it was not influenced by dietary V. Thus, there was no 3-way interaction as hypothesized.After 7 d of feeding hens 10 ppm V, their eggs had poorer albumen quality than eggs from hens fed the control diet. Time analysis indicated that the significant negative effect to albumen quality occurred in V-fed hens on d 1, 2, 5, and 12 of supplementation. When these hens were then switched to the control diet after 30 d of V supplementation, albumen quality continued to decline for 2 d but did not differ by d 6 from that of eggs from hens given the control diet.     

高铁高硒日粮对鸡蛋品质的影响

用高铁高硒日粮饲喂产蛋母鸡,观察蛋品质的变化,结果表明,蛋黄重、蛋黄重／蛋重比略有下降,蛋白质／蛋重比、哈夫单位有所提高,蛋壳／蛋重比,蛋壳厚度及蛋壳密度无明显变化,提示：高铁高硒日粮不会引起蛋品质的明显下降。     

甘肃黄鸡蛋用性能的研究

为探讨甘肃黄鸡的选育效果及其利用价值,对甘肃黄鸡蛋用性能进行了较为系统的测定。结果：甘肃黄鸡１７２ｄ开产,３００ｄ产蛋量为９３．２２个,蛋重为５４．７６ｇ;产蛋期料蛋比为２．９６。     

饲粮粗蛋白质水平对汶上芦花鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对汶上芦花鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响,建立粗蛋白质需要量回归模型,确定汶上芦花鸡产蛋期饲粮粗蛋白质需要量。采用单因素试验设计,选取30周龄、体重相近的健康汶上芦花鸡360只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组分别饲喂饲粮粗蛋白质水平为13%、14%、15%、16%和17%的试验饲粮,其他饲粮营养水平保持一致。预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)平均日粗蛋白质摄入量(ADCPI)随着饲粮粗蛋白质水平的升高而显著升高(P0.05)。产蛋数、产蛋率和平均日产蛋量(ADEM)随着饲粮粗蛋白质水平的升高先升高后降低,16%粗蛋白质水平组达到最大值,显著高于13%和14%粗蛋白质水平组(P0.05)。2)13%粗蛋白质水平组的蛋重显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。16%和17%粗蛋白质水平组的哈氏单位显著或极显著低于13%粗蛋白质水平组(P0.05或P0.01)。13%粗蛋白质水平组的蛋黄颜色显著浅于14%、15%、16%粗蛋白质水平组(P0.05)。蛋壳颜色方面,16%粗蛋白质水平组的亮度显著高于14%粗蛋白质水平组(P0.05),13%粗蛋白质水平组的红度显著高于16%粗蛋白质水平组(P0.05)。3)以ADCPI为因变量,以平均日增重(ADG)、ADEM和代谢体重(BW0.75)为自变量,建立汶上芦花鸡饲粮粗蛋白质需要量回归模型为:ADCPI=0.02ADG+0.22ADEM+4.20BW0.75(R2=974 5,P0.05)。由此可见,汶上芦花鸡31~36周龄适宜的饲粮粗蛋白质水平为15.55%。