赤眼蜂滞育研究及应用进展

赤眼蜂滞育技术的研究对赤眼蜂工厂化生产及应用具有重要的意义。本文综述了人工诱导赤眼蜂滞育的环境因子和内在因素对滞育的影响,低温是引起赤眼蜂滞育的最主要因素,光周期是诱导赤眼蜂滞育的另一重要因素。与此同时,母代效应、寄主、诱导时期等也都影响着赤眼蜂滞育,因此针对不同的蜂种必须综合考虑各方面因素才能设计出高效、稳定的滞育诱导措施。     

Potential use of Asteraceae extracts to control Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and selectivity to their parasitoids Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

Extracts of 12 Asteraceae were tested on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and on their parasitoids Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The plants Lychnophora ericoides and Trichogonia villosa were toxic for 97.7 ± 0.15% of one-day-old eggs of S. frugiperda and Lepidaploa lilacina for 72.0 ± 2.50% for two-day-old eggs of this insect. Extracts of Vernonia holosenicea, Lychnophora ramosissima and Chromolaena chaseae had higher impact on S. frugiperda, while those of Eremanthus elaeagnus and L. ericoides were more selective to T. pretiosum and T. remus. Asteraceae extracts present potential for integrated pest management programs of S. frugiperda.     

不同低温驯化条件对玉米螟赤眼蜂低温贮藏的影响

低温驯化是昆虫应对外界环境低温的重要生存策略,驯化温度、驯化时间和冷藏时间是低温驯化方法中的关键因子。本文采用正交试验方差分析法检验了不同驯化温度、驯化时间和冷藏时间对用米蛾卵培养的玉米螟赤眼蜂4℃冷藏后的影响,结果显示,驯化温度和驯化时间交互作用对玉米螟赤眼蜂冷藏后的出蜂情况影响显著,当15℃驯化10 d后冷藏,出蜂卵数达到峰值为66.75±3.50,其出蜂率为(64.91±2.04)%;当10℃驯化20 d后冷藏,出蜂卵数为56.75±4.84,出蜂率达到峰值为(75.50±6.78)%。冷藏时间对玉米螟赤眼蜂低温驯化后的出蜂情况影响显著,其出蜂卵数和出蜂率均在冷藏60 d和90 d达到最大,出蜂卵数分别为53.61±3.64、55.39±3.51,出蜂率分别为(66.07±4.17)%、(68.30±4.08)%。研究表明,驯化温度、驯化时间和冷藏时间对低温驯化效果均有一定影响,低温驯化能增强玉米螟赤眼蜂的耐寒性,适于其长期冷藏,本试验中的最佳低温驯化条件为15℃驯化10 d。该研究结果对玉米螟赤眼蜂的低温耐受性研究及低温贮藏技术探讨均具有重要的理论指导意义。     

Performance of two <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichogramma</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">brassicae</Emphasis> strains under greenhouse and field conditions for biocontrol of the silver Y moth in spinach cultures

The suitability of Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to control the silver Y moth, Autographa gamma (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in spinach was investigated under greenhouse and field conditions. Two strains of T. brassicae were selected to study host searching efficiency and dispersal ability of the wasps on spinach. The experiments were conducted with defined release densities. The results show that T. brassicae strain I failed to locate host eggs in all experiments. In contrast, T. brassicae strain II females were able to locate 37% of the exposed egg clusters in the greenhouse within 48 h. Individuals colonised rapidly at least an area of 0.25 m². At distances up to 26 cm to the release point of the T. brassicae females, parasitization rate was 100%. Moreover, under field conditions silver Y moth eggs were exposed two times for 48 h on 12 experimental plots of 100 m² in two spinach fields. During the first exposure interval, i.e. 4 days after mass release of T. brassicae strain II, overall parasitization rates reached 20% on both fields. Furthermore parasitization rates still reached 16 and 19% during the second exposure interval, i.e. 9 days after natural enemy release, indicating a constant Trichogramma activity over time. Parasitization rates were highest in the close vicinity of the release point, i.e. 86%, whereas 6.5 m away the mean parasitization rate decreased to 3%. In conclusion results indicate a high potential of T. brassicae strain II as antagonist of A. gamma. Nevertheless the dispersal ability of T. brassicae strain II was limited, but adjustment of release densities and techniques might compensate this disadvantage.     

高温胁迫对暗黑赤眼蜂寄生功能反应的影响

在不同高温和时间处理下,通过暗黑赤眼蜂在米蛾卵上的寄生效能的测定结果表明: 各个处理下的功能反应均符合Holling(Ⅱ)型模型,高温胁迫对功能反应参数有明显影响,以33℃2 h处理下的寄生量为理论最高值(Namax=270.3).同一温度内,30℃4 h、33℃2 h、36℃2 h、39℃2 h胁迫下的瞬时攻击率和最大寄生数高于其它处理时间段.在相同的寄主密度下,赤眼蜂的搜寻效应与处理的时间长度有密切的关系.试验表明适宜的高温胁迫有助于提高暗黑赤眼蜂的寄生量,可能是由于此蜂种有较高的耐受性,但随着温度的升高处理时间的延长,对其寄生量有明显的抑制作用.     

不同波长LED光源对稻螟赤眼蜂发育与繁殖的影响

为探究不同波长LED光源对稻螟赤眼蜂生长发育及繁殖的影响,本研究在实验室条件下,采用6种不同波长LED光源,400 nm（紫光）、450 nm（蓝光）、530 nm（绿光）、580 nm（黄光）、630 nm（红光）和6000 k（白光）,在稻螟赤眼蜂生长发育及繁殖过程中进行光照处理,观察统计其母代的单雌寄生数、子代的单雌寄生数、寿命、发育历期及雌蜂占比。试验结果表明,不同波长LED光照处理下稻螟赤眼蜂的寄生数、寿命、发育历期及雌蜂占比等指标均有显著性差异。在黄光处理下,母代及子代的寄生数量均受到了明显的抑制,但是黄光在延长稻螟赤眼蜂寿命上起到了较为显著的效果。红光处理下稻螟赤眼蜂子代的发育历期为235 h,红光明显延长了稻螟赤眼蜂子代的发育历期,对稻螟赤眼蜂的高效繁育起到了抑制作用。蓝光则可以增加种群中的雄蜂数量,使种群雌雄性比向雄性一方偏移,不利于稻螟赤眼蜂种群的繁育及应用。综上所述,不同波长的LED光源对稻螟赤眼蜂的生长发育及繁殖起到一定的调控作用,在繁育的过程中,应该避免使用黄光、蓝光等有抑制效果的光源,对稻螟赤眼蜂的实际应用提供一定的技术指导,并为进一步深入研究稻螟赤眼蜂对环境的适应性及提升其在生物防治中大规模饲养的扩繁效率提供了重要的理论依据。     

玉米螟赤眼蜂防治云南亚洲玉米螟的田间效果

亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)是云南省玉米上的主要害虫,在德宏州盈江县勐弄乡勐典村和苏典乡勐嘎村开展了释放玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen防治亚洲玉米螟田间试验,结果表明,释放玉米螟赤眼蜂对亚洲玉米螟的田间防治效果显著,平均校正寄生率分别为74.27%和76.30%,被害株减退率分别为62.28%和66.50%,百秆活虫减退率71.76%和76.74%,虫孔减退率分别为63.83%和75.24%,平均防治效果分别为65.96%和72.82%;总平均挽回产量损失率7.79%,平均每公顷挽回经济损失420.06元,投入产出比1:1.47。     

赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫应用现状及前景展望

总结了应用赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫的国内外现状,特点及蔗田应用技术。展望了赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫的应用前景和推广难的问题,为今后如何进一步推广应用赤眼蜂防治甘蔗螟虫作了分析总结。     

日龄和冷藏时间对玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生卵存活力的影响

玉米螟赤眼蜂是一种重要的寄生性天敌,日龄及冷藏时间是影响其寄生卵存活力的重要因子。为了弄清日龄和冷藏时间对玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生卵低温下存活力的影响,采用正交试验方差分析法检验了在不同日龄、不同冷藏时间下玉米螟赤眼蜂的寄生卵数、出蜂卵数和出蜂率差异。结果显示：当发育到不同日龄后冷藏,其寄生卵数在4日龄达到最大,出蜂卵数在2、3日龄最高,而出蜂率的峰值则出现在1、2日龄;当冷藏时间不同时,其寄生卵数在60、90天时达到最大,出蜂卵数在处理组间无差异,而出蜂率的峰值则出现在20天。研究表明日龄和冷藏时间均能不同程度的影响玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生卵的低温发育和冷藏后的出蜂情况,当龄期较早或冷藏时间较短时,其寄生卵存活力也会更强。因此当规模化生产应用时,需充分考虑日龄及冷藏时间对低温耐受性的影响,藉此以提高玉米螟赤眼蜂的低温贮藏效能。