生防木霉菌Tr9701的鉴定及其生物学特性

对从土壤中分离、筛选出的生防木霉菌进行分类鉴定和生物学特性测定。结果表明,生防木霉菌属于半知菌类、丛梗孢目、木霉菌属,为绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)。该菌以小麦粉和豆粉浸出液培养基生长最适,在小麦粉和PDA培养基上孢子生成最快、产生孢子量多,分生孢子在1%葡萄糖溶液中萌发效果最好;20~30℃为其菌落生长和分生孢子形成的适宜温度;木霉菌菌落生长和孢子可以耐受45℃的高温,致死温度为55℃持续15 min;适宜pH为5~8;短时间紫外线照射不会对生防木霉菌的生长和孢子着生产生影响。     

胶霉毒素菌渣的抗菌活性及其应用的研究

旨在研究胶霉毒素菌渣对5种土传病菌的抑制性,寻找到一种胶霉菌素菌渣的综合利用方法。以辣椒炭疽病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、油菜菌核病菌和棉花枯萎病菌为供试菌,采用菌丝生长速率法,对胶霉毒素菌渣的抑菌活性进行了研究,并比较了10%菌渣、10%豆粕、无豆粕和菌渣的培养基对木霉孢子和胶霉毒素含量的影响。以木霉干重孢子数为指标,确定了菌渣最佳添加量。胶霉毒素菌渣对5种土传病菌具有一定的抑菌效果,浓度为40 mg/mL时,对4种土传病菌菌丝的生长的抑制率为100%。胶霉毒素菌渣添加量为30%时,木霉的发酵效果最佳,其干重孢子数达到22亿/g。综上所述,胶霉毒素菌渣具有良好的抑制土传病菌生长的效果,且可作为氮源循环利用培养木霉。     

灰葡萄孢霉高效拮抗木霉菌株的筛选及其翻译延伸因子序列分析

为进一步开发利用木霉菌资源,对从菜田土壤中初步分离纯化获得的12株木霉菌株,采用对峙培养和生长速度测定法进行灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)高效拮抗木霉菌株的筛选,并通过翻译延伸因子序列同源性比较对其进行分子鉴定。结果表明菌株Tr-9701和Tr-1108的生长速度快,对病原菌的抑制率高,且协同应用有一定的增效作用。经对Tr9701和Tr1108翻译延伸因子同源序列分析,并结合其形态特征结果表明,Tr9701为绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)和Tr1108为深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)。绿色木霉和深绿木霉为菜田生境习居菌,2种菌株协同利用对蔬菜灰霉病有较好的协同增效作用,应进一步设计利用多靶位木霉菌来提高防病效果。     

哈茨木霉菌对小麦秸秆降解作用的研究

利用木霉菌产纤维素酶的能力,降解秸秆,有利于还田,减少生物质能源的浪费。通过连续多次提取木霉菌,以秸秆降解率为指标,研究木霉菌对秸秆降解能力。以秸秆失重率,秸秆中N、P、K中含量变化为指标,通过多次提取木霉菌,提高了其降解秸秆能力,提取到第4 次时,木霉对秸秆的降解率为最高,当提取到第5次时秸秆降解率略有下降,到第6次时下降最为明显。多次提取木霉菌,可能提高木霉菌降解秸秆的能力,但不是次数越多越好,以4次为宜。     

一株产胶霉菌素菌株的ARTP诱变及筛选

试验旨在选育出胶霉菌素高产菌株,以胶霉菌素产生菌TY-009为初始菌株,利用常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变技术对产胶霉菌素的绿色木霉菌株进行诱变处理,并设置时间梯度,检测不同处理时间样品的胶霉菌素产量。通过平板筛选以及摇瓶复筛选出8株正突变菌株,其中产率最高达到0.86 mg/m L,较初始菌株的产率提高了45.76%。ARTP诱变方法快速、高效,对绿色木霉菌株的诱变效果良好,在提高胶霉菌素产量方面有很好的应用前景。     

木霉菌对甜瓜枯萎病的防治

研究木霉菌T23、Ta22菌株对甜瓜枯萎病菌的拮抗作用和T23、Ta22二者复合处理对甜瓜枯萎病的室内及田间防治效果,结果表明：T23与Ta22对枯萎病菌拮抗系数都很高,二者复合处理对甜瓜枯萎病的田间相对防效可达79．00％。     

几种拮抗菌对杨树烂皮病菌的影响

Trichoderma3个菌株及Chaetomium sp.与杨树烂皮病菌(Cytospora chrysosperma)的对峙培养试验的结果表明:试验中采用的Trichoderma viride1,Trichoderma viride2,Trichoderma harzianum及Chaetomium sp.对杨树烂皮病菌都有一定的抑制效果,其中Trichoderma viride1对病原菌的相对抑制效果最好,且其相对抑制效果随着时间的增加而增长,在74h时达到最高,抑制率可达到64.55%;其相对抑制效果也达到最大,为11.49;其它3个菌株的相对抑制效果在对峙培养74 h时也达到最大,介于1.77~4.15之间。     

Involvement of Cylindrocarpon destructans in root death of Pinus sylvestris seedlings: Pathogenic behaviour and predisposing factors

The common rhizospheric fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans was investigated in relation to its role in root death of Pinus sylvestris in Nordic nurseries and plantations. Laboratory methods were developed for studying similar root problems as well as the early effects of phytotoxicity and fungal infection. Seedlings grown under standardized optimal conditions were exposed to controlled stress (known to occur in nurseries), with or without C. destructans in the rhizosphere. Low light conditions, anaerobic root environment, and fungicide treatment were each found to predispose pine seedlings to invasion by the pathogen. The pathogen was very sensitive to competition as well as antagonism on the root, and fungicide‐induced inhibition of antagonists such as Trichoderma spp. also increased the severity of attack by the pathogen. To compete successfully, the pathogen would have to invade and dominate weakened roots prior to the arrival of saprophytes. Toxic metabolites produced by the pathogen weakened or killed nearby root tissues, and pathogen metabolites seemed to prevent saprophytes from taking hold in the infected roots. Such heavily infected, dead roots may act as inoculum sources allowing the pathogen to invade adjacent living roots, even healthy ones. Dead roots left in nursery soil after earlier harvests may act as reservoirs of inoculum for long periods and pose a threat to new plants.     

以酶解渣为碳源制备木聚糖酶的研究

以里氏木霉（Tichoderma reesei)Rut C-30为产酶菌，低聚木糖制备过程中酶解渣为碳源可透导产生含低纤维素酶活（0.106IU/mL)的木聚糖酶（154.67IU/mL)，两种酶活的比值达1459，与粗木聚糖为碳源产木聚糖酶相比，木聚糖酶活提高了1.67倍，而纤维素酶活没有增加。此酶在50℃条件下酶解粗木聚糖和酶解渣时，pH值5时酶解效率最高，酶解产物通过HPLC分析，主要是木糖。该酶系的组成主要是外切-β-木糖苷酶。     

酶的选择性纯化及酶解制备木低聚糖的研究

采用沉淀剂的Ｈ处理木聚糖酶及纤维素酶以除去大部分β－木糖苷酶,以及酶解制备木低聚糖的研究结果。研究表明,当酶液中沉淀剂Ｈ的孢和度为５０％时,处理效果最佳。