Epidemiology of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beet at different initial inoculum levels in the presence or absence of irrigation

A field experiment was set up in 1988 to study the development of rhizomania disease of sugar beet at different inoculum levels of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in soil. Five, tenfold different, inoculum levels were created by addition of the approximate amounts of 0, 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 kg infested soil per ha (the latter corresponding to 0.01% v/v calculated to the tillage layer). A drip irrigation treatment was applied to study the influence of soil moisture on disease. Susceptible sugar beet, cv. Regina, was grown for three consecutive years.In the first year, root symptoms were not observed, but BNYVV-infected plants were detected by ELISA in low numbers at all inoculum levels at harvest. After late drilling in 1989, high numbers of infected plants, up to 90–100% in plots with the highest inoculum level, were detected already in June. Root symptoms were also observed from June onwards. In both these years disease incidence increased in time and was significantly influenced by the initial inoculum level. In the third year, the whole field was heavily diseased, and only for the non-irrigated plots incidence differed for different initial inoculum levels. The expression of symptoms by BNYVV-infected plants was influenced by initial inoculum level, thus by the amount and timing of primary infection.Root weight at harvest was not affected, but sugar content decreased with increasing inoculum level already in 1988, leading to a reduction in sugar yield of 10% at the highest inoculum level. In 1989, both root weight and sugar content decreased progressively with increasing inoculum level, resulting in sugar yield reductions of 11–66% (down to approximately 3000 kg ha^–1) for low to high inoculum levels compared to the control. As the control plots became contaminated, all yields were low in 1990, still showing a decrease with increasing inoculum level in the non-irrigated plots, but an overall mean sugar yield of 3323 kg ha^–1 for the irrigated ones.Sodium and -amino nitrogen content of the root, additional quality parameters determining extractability of sucrose, showed an increase and decrease, respectively, with increasing initial inoculum level already in the first year. The relative differences in contents compared to those from the control were largest for Na content. A significant negative correlation was found between Na (mmol kg^–1 root) and sugar content (% of fresh weight); linear for 1988, exponential for 1989 and 1990.In spring 1989, the infestation of individual plots was assessed using a quantitative bioassay estimating most probable numbers (MPNs) of infective units of BNYVV per 100 g dry soil. The relationship between the MPns determined and root weight, sugar content and sugar yield at harvest could be described by Gompertz curves. The increase in disease incidence with increasing MPN in 1989 was adequately fitted with a logistic equation.     

Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Carrying Aphrocallistes vastus Lectin (oncoVV-AVL) Enhances Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Aphrocallistes vastus lectin (AVL) is a C-type marine lectin derived from sponges. Our previous study demonstrated that oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying AVL (oncoVV-AVL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of oncoVV in cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the activation of Ras/ERK, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In this study, the inflammatory response induced by oncoVV-AVL in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) model was investigated. The results showed that oncoVV-AVL increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α through activating the AP-1 signaling pathway in HCC. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of lectin AVL in the field of cancer therapy.     

Avian CD154 enhances humoral and cellular immune responses induced by an adenovirus vector-based vaccine in chickens

Recombinant adenoviral vectors have emerged as an attractive system for veterinary vaccines development. However, for poultry vaccination a very important criterion for an ideal vaccine is its low cost. The objective of this study was to test the ability of chicken CD154 to enhance the immunogenicity of an adenoviral vector-based vaccine against avian influenza virus in order to reduce the amount of antigen required to induce an effective immune response in avian. Chickens were vaccinated with three different doses of adenoviral vectors encoding either HA (AdHA), or HA fused to extracellular domain chicken's CD154 (AdHACD). Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and relative quantification of IFN-γ showed that the adenoviral vector encoding for the chimeric antigen is able to elicit an improved humoral and cellular immune response, which demonstrated that CD154 can be used as a molecular adjuvant allowing to reduce in about 50-fold the amount of adenoviral vector vaccine required to induce an effective immune response.     

泥鳅生长及抗氧化 解毒酶系统对水体中转Cry1Ab/Ac基因水稻残遗物的响应

在泥鳅养殖水体中添加稻秆粉模拟水稻残遗物生境,研究了泥鳅生长和肝胰脏抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT)与解毒酶(GST)活性对转Cry1Ab/Ac基因水稻‘华恢1号’(HH1)的响应。设计以HH1稻秆粉10 mg·L?1、50 mg·L?1、100 mg·L?1和200 mg·L?1 4个梯度浓度处理泥鳅为试验组,以非转Bt基因水稻‘明恢63’(MH63)稻秆粉处理组为阴性对照,不加稻秆粉的基础饲养组为空白对照。结果显示:在4种稻秆粉浓度下,HH1组与MH63对照组泥鳅的特定生长率、肥满度、内脏系数及SOD、CAT和GST酶活性均无显著差异(P0.05);与空白对照比较,稻秆粉浓度升高对泥鳅生长的抑制逐渐增强,当浓度达到200 mg·L?1时,HH1组和MH63对照组泥鳅的特定生长率、内脏系数与CAT活性降低。研究结果表明,水体中低含量的转融合基因Cry1Ab/Ac水稻HH1稻秆粉对泥鳅的生长与生理酶活性没有明显影响,高浓度HH1和MH63稻秆粉均使泥鳅的生长和生理酶活性显著降低,这可能与养殖水体中浓度较高的悬浮稻秆粉妨碍了泥鳅的呼吸和滤食,及稻秆粉的分解降低了水体p H和溶氧量有关。     

基于SWAT模型的大安市降水入渗量变化的模拟研究

针对近年的研究热点,通过SWAT模型对半干旱、盐碱化严重的吉林省大安市进行降水入渗模拟。以2000、2004和2008年遥感影像解译得到的土地利用数据为基础,结合SWAT模型的模拟结果,讨论LUCC与降水入渗量的相关关系。2008年与2000年相比,难利用地的面积有所降低,旱地、草地等发生了大面积的增加,研究区内土地状况有所好转。通过SWAT模型运行得到的结果显示:2008年的平均降水入渗量为56.27 mm,比2000年的值高。利用降水入渗系数法进行计算,也得到了2008年的降水入渗量高于2000年的结果,这与SWAT模型模拟得到的结果有着相同的趋势,且平均降水入渗量的标准偏差为5.27,说明SWAT模型对于研究区有良好的适应性。同时,根据土地利用数据和SWAT模型模拟数据可以得知,LUCC对研究区的降水入渗量存在着一定的相关性。     

CIDEC的亚细胞定位及其功能初步研究

CIDEC(也称FSP27)高表达于脂肪组织,可以促进细胞内脂肪积累等。为探究CIDEC促进脂滴融合的机制,本研究利用脂肪酸处理HepG2细胞,测定细胞内脂滴直径和数目的变化,发现处理后脂滴的直径和数量无显著性差异。将含有CIDEC的重组载体转染细胞,脂肪酸处理24 h后测定脂滴直径和数量变化,进一步利用共聚焦显微镜分析其亚细胞定位,并检测与脂滴生成、生长等相关基因表达量的变化。结果表明,过表达CIDEC后脂滴的直径显著增加,脂滴的数量极显著减少;亚细胞定位发现,CIDEC位于脂滴周围。此外,PLIN1、CREB1、CREB8的表达量有所下降,CIDEA、CFD表达量有所上升,推测CIDEC可能与这些蛋白互作引起脂滴融合。本研究结果为探究CIDEC促进脂滴融合的分子机制奠定了基础。     

桉属树种/种源试验

广东省江门地区为调整人工林树种结构,提高人工林的产量和质量,发展以阔叶树种为主的人工林。现桉树(Eucalyptus spp.)已成为该市营造短轮伐期工业用材林的主要树种[1]。本试验的目的在于通过从澳大利亚引进桉属树种,进行桉属树种/种源试验,为江门市选出更适合当地生长的优良桉树树种和优良种源,促进该地区桉树人工林的发展。     

突出本质功能崇尚简约自然——城市绿化新理念在北京奥运绿化中的实践

同一个世界,同一个梦想。北京奥运会圆满落下帷幕,实现了"有特色、高水平"的目标,向世界展示了中国和北京的风采。在奥运会成功举办的时空里,北京的奥运绿化也向世界悄然展示了一幅碧树繁花、生机盎然、美丽恢宏的画卷!       

海蒿子岩藻聚糖结构特征及其抗流感病毒活性

采用热水提取法从海蒿子中提取粗多糖,再用Q-Sepharose Fast Flow和Sepharose 4B Fast Flow纯化得到一种硫酸化岩藻聚糖,命名为SF0。通过逐步部分酸水解,该岩藻聚糖SF0被进一步分为3种次级多糖SF1、SF2和SF3,硫酸基团的含量和相对分子质量依次降低。通过单糖组成、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和¹³C-NMR谱分析了4种多糖的结构特征,并探究了其抗甲型流感(H1N1)病毒的活性。结果表明,SF0主要由甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖和岩藻糖组成,摩尔比为10.8∶8.3∶3.0∶21.1∶21.2∶35.6,相对分子质量为628.1 ku,由α-D-1,2-Manp和β-D-1,4-GlcAp双糖重复单元构成核心骨架。抗甲型流感(H1N1)病毒检测表明,4种多糖都可以抑制MDCK细胞中的H1N1病毒复制。低分子量组分SF3比未降解岩藻聚糖抗病毒活性更好。初步认为该岩藻聚糖的抗H1N1病毒活性与其精细结构和分子量有关。     

Effect of EZH2 regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on apoptosis of brain glioma cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on the apoptosis of brain glioma cell lines. METHODS: The expression level of EZH2 in glioma cell lines U87, H4 and U251 and normal human astrocytes (NHA) was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The EZH2 siRNA and siRNA control were transfected into the H4 cells. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Caspase-3 activity was detected by spectrophotometry. The expression levels of the key protein β-catenin of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the downstream target molecule c-Myc were determined by Western blot. After the H4 cells transfected with EZH2 siRNA were treated with an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry, and the expression of β-catenin and c-Myc was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of EZH2 in the glioma cell lines U87, H4 and U251 were significantly higher than those in NHA (P<0.05). The expression of EZH2 at mRNA and protein levels in the H4 cells was higher than that in U87 cells and U251 cells (P<0.05). EZH2 siRNA obviously inhibited the expression of EZH2 at mRNA and protein levels in the H4 cells. Knockdown of EZH2 expression decreased the viability of H4 cells, the apoptotic rate was significantly increased, and the activity of caspase-3 was significantly increased in the cells (P<0.05). Knockdown of EZH2 expression also inhibited the expression of β-catenin and c-Myc. The activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway reduced the apoptosis rate of H4 cells induced by down-regulation of EZH2, and reduced the activity of caspase-3 in the cells. CONCLUSION: EZH2 is over-expressed in glioma cells. Down-regulation of EZH2 expression induces apoptosis of glioma cells by inhibiting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.