甘薯新品种区试中灰色关联度分析和模糊综合评判应用比较

应用灰色关联度分析和模糊综合评判法对2006年福建省甘薯新品种区试10个点、9个新参试品种的9个性状的综合数据进行了综合定量评价。结果表明:模糊综合评判的等权与加权评判结果吻合程度高,其评判结果居前5位的品种与入选2007年续试品种相符,模糊综合评判法可用于甘薯高代新品系评比试验对新品系的综合评价。灰色关联度分析的等权与加权关联度吻合程度低。     

不同施肥模式对甘薯生长发育及高产生理特性的影响

分层施肥是在配方施肥的基础上根据甘薯不同生育期的需肥特点进行养分供给,其增产效果好于配方施肥和普通施肥,高产机理在于通过增加光合面积、提高净同化率、改善光合产物分配来提高经济产量。     

不同密度下施氮对甜玉米果穗形成的影响

以甜玉米甜单8号为材料,在不同种植密度(45 000、60 000和75 000株/hm²)及不同供氮水平(0、120和240 kg/hm²)下对果穗产量、穗粒结构、穗部性状形成过程及子粒灌浆动态进行了研究。结果表明：施氮水平、种植密度对甜玉米产量影响显著,施氮可显著提高鲜穗产量与子粒产量;穗长、穗粗的形成贯穿整个果穗发育过程,可用Logistic曲线拟合,分别在吐丝与抽雄期达到最终穗长与穗粗的50%;穗粒数在抽雄期达到最高峰,随时间推进果穗败育粒增加;施氮对单穗重的提高在高密度下最明显。施氮能够促进玉米子粒的灌浆,但不同密度下施氮对灌浆动态的影响明显不同,在4～20 DAP子粒体积、百粒鲜重、灌浆速率均明显升高,且施氮处理高于不施氮处理。     

Inheritance of tree and fruit characters in progenies from crosses of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars

Summary Approximately 1000 seedlings from 20 combinations crossed in 1979, 1980 and 1981 (Theiler-Hedtrich 1985a) were tested for several characters: fruit set (yield), fruit size, fruit colour, formation of abscission layer and bleeding after fruit removal from fruit stalks, bacterial canker resistance, flowering and harvesting time. From progeny of crosses with Stella as pollinator, 56% (Vittoria × Stella) and 46% (Schüttler × Stella) of the seedlings were self-compatible, of which 14 were high yielding with good fruit size and quality. From the data recorded it can be concluded:fruit set is a recessive character; only 5 to 20% of very good yielding seedlings were obtained in different progeny, even if the parental plants were both very good croppers.Fruit juice and skin colour was in most progenies ‘black’ even if they were from combinations with ‘white’ varieties, e.g., Merton Glory or Schüttler. Only from the combination Schiittler (‘white’) × Stella (‘black’), 50% of the seedlings were ‘white’; Stella therefore is heterozygous for the character of fruit juice and skin colour.Fruit size is evenly distributed in progeny with respect to the fruit size of their parent plants.Abscission layer formation and non-bleeding is a genetically complex character. In combinations where both parent plants formed fruits with complete abscission layers and which were not bleeding after fruit removal from the stalk, this character was inherited only to 50% (Vittoria × Schüttler) or 85% (Vittoria × Frühe von der Weid) in the progeny. For the genetical control of this character further studies are necessary.Bacterial canker susceptibility was evenly distributed in seedlings from all combinations even if the highly resistant cv. Vittoria was used as one parent plant, thereby not confirming the expected results of a higher proportion of resistant seedlings from combinations with Vittoria.Flowering and harvest time of the seedlings from different combinations was within the range of the parent plants. Only in the combination of Vittoria × Stella (mid-to late-ripening season) one seedling out of 99 was found to form ripe fruits two weeks earlier than the parental plants. From the seedlings tested 40 have been chosen for further evaluation or genetical studies.     

甜秆多穗型超早熟谷子新种质的创新

 采用目标性状基因库育种法培育出甜秆多穗型超早熟谷子(Setaria italica Beauv)新种质超早熟1号，该品种具有以下突出特点：（1）超早熟，生育期间仅需有效积温1 550℃左右，在海拔1 600 m以上的河北省坝头地带正常成熟，突破谷子"育成种"栽培的禁区，将我国谷子种植界限大大北移；（2）多穗，该品种不但具有分蘖成穗特性，而且中下部节间可产生多个分枝穗，是少有的谷子多穗型新种质；（3）秸秆甜、含糖量高，其秸秆全糖、可溶性糖、还原糖含量分别高出同产地普通品种74.8%、200.5%、237.2%；（4）粗蛋白含量高，高于普通品种3.9%～30.4%；（5）粒色可变，在石家庄种植为红谷，在河北省坝上种植为黄谷；该品种还具有优质高产综合性状优良的特点。     

甘薯品种资源冬季盆栽保存技术研究

简要概述了我国甘薯品种资源研究的历史和保存现状,剖析了目前田间常规薯块保存和试管苗离体保存的缺陷.甘薯品种资源冬季智能温室盆栽保存是田间常规薯块保存和试管苗离体保存的重要补充,是我国北方甘薯资源保存新技术、新方法的探讨.经过3a来甘薯品种资源冬季盆栽保存技术初步研究与应用,结果显示,品种资源死苗少种的趋势降低,提高了甘薯品种资源保存的完整性,由原来全圃每年缺种损失1.1%～1.7%下降到0.3%～0.5%.     

对当前甜玉米育种目标及技术路线的思考

根据当前甜玉米科研生产的需求,提出了适时的育种目标：优质高产、耐热耐寒、耐旱耐涝、抗倒伏、广适性、易制种。对自交系选育及组合选配方法进行了论述,阐述了理想品种与现实品种的概念和关系,旨在为提高我国甜玉米品种的选育水平和促进甜玉米产业的发展提供参考。     

MAP贮藏对甜樱桃品质的影响

对甜樱桃的贮藏保鲜试验表明,MAP与专用保鲜剂结合可有效地保持果实的鲜食品质,减少果实的腐烂和褐变,降低果实的呼吸强度,延长果实的贮藏期.‘红灯‘甜樱桃贮藏保鲜80 d果实的腐烂率为3.62%;对照果实只贮藏了40 d.‘雷尼‘甜樱桃贮藏保鲜110 d果实的腐烂率为2.1%,褐变率为0,果柄抽干率为0.32%;对照果实只贮藏了50 d.     

糯玉米新品系PN07-7选育报告

糯玉米新品系PN07-7是甘肃省平凉市农业科学研究所以稳定自交系PN31为母本,PN29为父本选育的杂交种。2008—2011年的品比试验中,鲜果穗折合平均产量20 361 kg/hm2,较对照中糯一号增产10%左右。高抗黑穗病、玉米瘤黑粉病和大小斑病。子粒含水率70%,粗淀粉833.1 g/kg,粗蛋白85.3 g/kg,粗脂肪43.5 g/kg,赖氨酸3.56 g/kg。适宜在甘肃省海拔1 500 m以下的川水地和肥力较好的旱地种植。      

甜玉米品质性状与部分农艺性状的相关分析

通过对甜玉米品质性状的相关分析表明,甜玉米的可溶性糖主要是蔗糖。它与可溶性固形物呈极显著的正相关,与嫩度值、干物质含量呈负相关,但水溶性多糖(WSP)与各品质性状相关均不显著,从而说明甜玉米含糖量选择中不会影响甜玉米的风味、嫩度等品质;进一步与部分农艺性状的分析表明,优质甜玉米应选择穗柄较短、苞叶较少、茎含糖较高的类型,分蘖的存在并不影响甜玉米的品质。