Chemical,sensory and rheological properties of porridges from processed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor,bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flours

The chemical, sensory and rheological properties of porridges made from blends of sprouted sorghum, bambara groundnuts and fermented sweet potatoes were examined. Sorghum and bambara groundnuts were sprouted for 48 h while sweet potatoes were fermented for the same period. Blends were formulated from the processed ingredients in the ratio of 60:40:0, 57:42:1, 55:44:1 and 52:46:2 (protein basis) of sorghum, bambara groundnuts and sweet potatoes. Porridges were prepared from the composite flours and the traditional sorghum complementary food. Standard assay methods were used to evaluate the flours for nutrient composition. The porridges were also tested for sensory properties and viscosity. Processing increased the levels of most of the nutrients evaluated. Relative to the sorghum traditional complementary food, thecomposite flours had higher levels of lipids, protein, ash, crude fiber and minerals (p<0.05). The porridges from the composite flours were generally liked slightly by the panelists and were about seven times less viscous than the porridge from the traditional sorghum complementary food. Use of the composite flours, particularly the 52:46:2 blend, as a traditional complementary food should be encouraged in Nigeria especially with the increasing cost of commercial complementary foods.     

甜高粱与粒用高粱干物质积累分配与产量形成的比较研究

1978—1988年,我们对甜高粱与粒用高粱的干物质积累、分配与产量形成进行了比较研究,结果表明:(1)两者干物质积累过程都可用 Logistic 模型描述,但甜高粱较粒用高粱干物质积累峰值高,后期积累速度快,单株生物量高。(2)甜高粱是具有穗和茎两个库的双库型作物,其营养生长与生殖生长并进时间长,几乎从拔节延续到成熟。甜高粱茎的     

甜玉米新种质生化成分的分析

以我国自己转育成的甜玉米新种南材料，研究甜玉米的生化成分，优势率和遗传控制，研究结果表明，（１）甜玉米新质各种生化成分与原始基因型接近，营养价值高，食味品质好；（２）甜玉米品质性状优势率以负（向）优势为主，明显不同生长势性状的优势率；（３）普甜，甜脆，超甜玉米籽粒外观性状和糖分含量均受其各自的一对隐性基因控制。     

青椒整枝技术的研究—环状剥皮对生育和产量的影响

本文以“土佐狮子尖椒”品种为试材,对环状剥皮的作用进行探讨.经环状剥皮处理后,早期产量比对照增加29.4～52.6%;果实的干物质占有率也比对照有所增加,而根系的发育情况和直径大于1毫米的粗根数目均低于对照.叶面积指数、净光合率及相对生长率在进行环状剥皮后也低于对照.     

甘薯天蛾虫蛹蛋白水解特性及其氨基酸营养液的制作工艺研究

甘薯天蛾虫蛹用远天２３和远天１２蛋白酶水解，当底物鲜虫蛹液１２ｍＬ（浓度为２０％，Ｗ／Ｖ），添加１％酶液１ｍＬ，其适宜的水解条件：ｐＨ６～７，５０℃水解１２０ｍｉｎ并加热至７０℃继续水解３０ｍｉｎ；远天２３的酶解效果优于远天１２，添加磷酸（钠）盐和ＥＤＴＡ２Ｎａ可增加可溶性含氮物总量，添加ＶＣ则无效；底物粗蛋白的提取率为８１．２％。文章对虫蛹氨基酸营养液的制作工艺、配方及产品质量要求等亦做了介绍。     

甜高粱田间去叶装置的初步试验

研制的甜高粱田间去叶装置,可安装在收割机前,利用拖拉机液压升降系统压力油为动力,通过液压马达驱动橡胶弹性剥指高速回转,剥去甜高粱叶。试验表明,采用这种弹性剥指去叶装置,可在茎秆切断前,于机械化收割同时在田间去叶,去叶率较高。液压传动型式简化了结构,解决了总体布置的难度,有利于在生产中应用。     

Optimizing phosphorus fertilization in an intensive vegetable-rice cropping system

A study was conducted in a sweet pepper-maize-rice cropping system in six farmers fields in Batac, Ilocos Norte, the Philippines, to determine the optimum P fertilizer rate for sweet pepper that will benefit the succeeding crops, maximize system-level productivity and profitability, and reduce the excessive accumulation of P in the soil. Single super phosphate was applied to sweet pepper at rates of 0, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 kg P ha^–1 and the succeeding crops were grown without P fertilization. Maize residue was incorporated into the soil at puddling of soil for rice. Phosphorus fertilization at 56 kg P ha^–1 and above had a residual effect on maize and rice. A reduction in the P applied to sweet pepper from 140 to 84 kg P ha^–1 reduced extractable P in the soil at rice harvest from 52 to 29 kg P ha^–1. Phosphorus applied at 111 kg P ha^–1 to sweet pepper was optimum for maximum productivity and economic returns of the sweet pepper-maize-rice cropping system. This rate of P also significantly reduced P accumulation in the soil, thereby reducing the chances of negative effects on soil nutrient balance/availability. The results suggested the need for a cropping systems approach to conserve and effectively use native and fertilizer P in the sweet pepper-rice cropping system.     

不同因素对甘薯根系发育的影响

选用3个不同基因型的甘薯品种,采用正交试验设计,研究了百苗重和施肥量对甘薯块根的形成,特别是甘薯块根结薯个数的影响。结果表明,品种、百苗重及施肥量对甘薯根系发育有显著影响,南薯88在百苗重为4.0kg和不施肥条件下其根系重量和块根数量显著优于其他水平,同时南薯88根系数量最高。     

甜高粱茎秆含糖量遗传研究进展

甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)是普通粒用高粱的一个变种。与粒用高粱相比,甜高粱育种研究进展相对缓慢,特别是茎秆含糖量高的亲本系创造比较滞后。开展甜高粱茎秆含糖量的遗传研究,对甜高粱亲本系选育及杂交种组配具有重要意义。本文从茎秆含糖量的评价指标入手,分别对茎秆含糖量的遗传与子粒产量及其他性状的关系、基因定位等方面的相关研究结果进行了系统地概括和归纳,并分析了当前茎秆含糖量研究的热点和亟待解决的问题。     

Plant based indicators for irrigation scheduling in young cherry trees

Using a correlation between trunk diameter fluctuation (TDF) and stem water potential (SWP) it appears possible to determine water deficit threshold values (WDTV) for young cherry trees. This correlation must be based on a significant effect between SWP and at least one variable associated with the vegetative or reproductive growth of the trees. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effect of several irrigation treatments on vegetative and reproductive growth and the SWP of young cherry trees; (2) to determine the correlation between TDF and SWP, and; (3) to propose a first approximation of SWP and TDF water deficit threshold values for young cherry tree plants. The experiment was carried out between September and April of the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons, in Quillota, in the Valparaiso region, central Chile. The irrigation treatments consisted of applications of 50% (T₅₀), 100% (T₁₀₀) and 150% (T₁₅₀) of potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) over the two growing seasons, using a randomized complete block design (RCB). The effect of irrigation scheduling was observed on: apical shoot growth rate (GR_AS), branch cross-sectional area (BCSA), canopy volume (CV), annual length of accumulated growth (AL_AG) and productivity. This effect showed that the T₅₀ treatment caused lower SWP (measured pre-dawn), vegetative growth and productivity. The fruit quality variables (cracking and size) were not affected by the different treatments. Combining the vegetative growth, productivity and SWP results shows that the water deficit threshold value, as a first approximation, is between 50% and 100% of ET₀, and therefore the critical SWP for defining irrigation frequency should be close to −0.5 MPa. Upon applying a post-harvest drought period (14 days without irrigation), a linear correlation was determined both between SWP and maximum daily trunk shrinkage, MDS (R² = 0.69) and between SWP and trunk growth rate, TGR (R² = 0.57). Using these correlations and the SWP reference value, reference values were obtained for MDS (165 μm) and TGR (83 μm day⁻¹), which would permit automated control of water status in young cherry trees.