桑悬浮细胞原生质体培养的研究

采用继代培养三个月后的桑子叶悬浮细胞为材料,进行了原生质体的分离和培养。桑悬浮细胞在纤维素酶、果胶酶、半纤维素酶的混合溶液中,酶解获得产量高、活力强的原生质体。原生质体在K8p(附加6—BA、NAA、2,4—D、LH)液体培养基中,再生细胞经多次分裂,得到肉眼可见的小愈伤组织。再通过增殖继代培养,获得浅黄色、具有明显颗粒结构的愈伤组织,转至各种激素含量的MSB固体培养基中,尚未获得绿苗分化。     

浓缩梨汁生产过程中HACCP体系的建立及应用

将HACCP体系应用于浓缩梨汁的生产过程中,对浓缩梨汁的生产过程进行了危害分析,并确立了原料验收、后巴氏杀菌、灌装前过滤、发运前检查签封4个关键控制点,并根据生产的实际情况及实验确立了每个关键控制点的关键限值、监控和纠偏措施。同时对生产浓缩梨汁HACCP体系的有效运行做了说明和分析。     

浓缩天然胶乳(氨保存离心或膏化)检测方法标准应用解析

天然胶乳为防止因微生物、酶的作用而凝固、腐败,常加入氨和其他稳定剂来保存,为了便于运输和加工常采用离心和膏化2种方式,将胶乳浓缩至固含量60%以上称为浓缩天然胶乳。现行有效的国家标准GB/T8299-2008《浓缩天然胶乳氨保存离心或膏化胶乳规格》对浓缩天然胶乳这一重要产品进行了技术界定,对该标准的应用解析可以确保加工原材料的科学有效,保证生产加工制品的产品质量及规范胶乳行业行为提供技术支撑。     

补饲高锰酸钾对绵羊瘤胃pH和TVFA的影响

用三只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的新疆细毛羯羊(平均体重40kg)按2×2因子方差设计试验,研究两种精料水平下补饲高锰酸钾对绵羊瘤胃pH值和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度的影响。结果表明:1 瘤胃pH值与TVFA浓度间呈强负相关,r=-0.8581(n=28,p<0.01);2 高锰酸钾降低瘤胃TVFA浓度(p<0.10),升高瘤胃pH值(p<0.05)。说明高锰酸钾对瘤胃发酵水平具有调控作用。     

过氧化氢对丹参悬浮细胞生长及次生代谢物积累的影响

以稳定的丹参悬浮细胞为实验材料,研究过氧化氢和过氧化氢与酵母提取物组合对丹参悬浮细胞生长及次生代谢物积累的影响。结果表明,过氧化氢和过氧化氢与酵母提取物的组合均对细胞生长有不同程度的抑制作用;过氧化氢对丹参酚酸和丹参酮的生成均有促进作用,其中10μmol/L过氧化氢处理的细胞中丹参酚酸含量达到最大值94.85 mg/g干重,为对照组的2.43倍;过氧化氢与酵母提取物的组合对丹参次生代谢物的积累作用效果不明显。上述结果表明,过氧化氢是丹参悬浮细胞次生代谢物积累的有效诱导子。     

2, 4-D浓度对胡萝卜悬浮细胞茄红素合成的影响

从茄红素含量，细胞总鲜重及茄红素总产量三方面，研究了培养基中，2，4－D浓度对胡萝卜悬浮培养细胞茄红素合成的影响。结果表明：2，4－D浓度在0．0－5．0mg/L，范围内，随着浓度升高单位鲜重细胞中茄红素含量增加，浓度为5.0mg/L时，含量最高，高于5.0mg/L时，茄红素含量急剧下降，2，4－D浓度在0.0-0.1mg/L范围内，浓度增加有利于细胞鲜重和茄红素总产量的提高，浓度高于0.1mg/L对两者都有抑制作用。     

食用醋精抑制亚硝酸盐产生的试验

亚硝酸盐中毒(Nitrite poisonig)是畜禽常发生的一种中毒病。用白菜等含硝酸盐较多的菜类作猪的饲料,因调制加工不合理,会产生大量的亚硝酸盐,喂后引起猪急性中毒,常来不急抢救而死亡,对养猪业危害较大。用食用醋精加入调制白菜的浸泡液中,使其pH值为4时,完全可抑制反硝化细菌的活动,基本上不会产生亚硝酸盐。这是因为醋酸是含有2个碳原子的有机酸,对反硝化细菌毒性大,使菌体内DNA和ATP受到破坏,细菌失去脱氮作用所致。用醋精作调制白菜的抑制剂,会起到预防畜禽亚硝盐中毒的作用。     

草地蝗虫悬浮速度的研究

在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟镶黄旗蝗灾发生区,采集了严重危害草原的4龄期、5龄期及成虫的亚洲小车蝗,分别对它们的活体、死体的悬浮速度进行了测定,为草地蝗虫吸捕机的设计与改进提供了理论依据。     

生物反应器悬浮培养Vero细胞制备水貂犬瘟热活疫苗

为实现利用生物反应器制备规模化、自动化生产水貂犬瘟热Vero活疫苗,在7 L生物反应器中悬浮培养Vero细胞,并考察培养基、细胞初始接种密度、培养方式、病毒感染复数和感染时间等参数对细胞增殖、病毒滴度以及细胞代谢的影响。结果显示,在含有5 g/L微载体的DMEM培养基中接种Vero细胞(30～40 cells/球),设定p H、温度、溶氧值和转速分别为7.2、37℃、50%和55 r/min,培养方式为批次培养(0～48 h)+灌流培养(48～96 h)组合方式,培养Vero细胞3～4 d或细胞密度达到200 cells/球以上时,按照MOI=0.0001～0.001吸附接毒,调低温度(33℃)继续培养100～120 h,即可获得高滴度病毒液(10~(6.5)～10~(7.2)TCID_(50)/0.1 m L),经无菌检验合格后,配制水貂犬瘟热Vero细胞活疫苗(CDV3-CL株,悬浮培养),疫苗符合《中国兽药典》三部(2015版)的规定。试验建立了7 L生物反应器悬浮培养Vero细胞制备水貂犬瘟热活疫苗的新工艺,为进一步规模化生产奠定了基础。     

Effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio and wildrye length on nutrient intake,digestibility, plasma metabolites,ruminal fermentation and fecal microflora of male Chinese Holstein calves

Twenty-eight male, weaned Chinese Holstein calves((156.8±33.4) kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio(F:C) and forage length on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and fecal microflora. Animals were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement: whole-length forage(WL) with low F:C(50:50); WL with high F:C(65:35); short-length forage(SL) with high F:C(65:35); and SL with low F:C(50:50). Chinese wildrye was used as the only forage source in this trial. The grass in the SL treatments was chopped using a chaff cutter to achieve small particle size(~50% particles 19 mm). Dry matter intake(DMI) and organic matter(OM) intake was increased by increasing both F:C(P0.01) and forage length(FL)(P0.05), while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) intakes were only increased by increasing the F:C(P0.01). The digestibility of NDF was increased as the FL increased(P0.01), and it was also affected by interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05). Cholesterol(CHO)(P0.01), leptin(LP)(P0.05), and growth hormone(GH)(P0.01) concentrations in plasma were increased as dietary F:C increased. A significant increase in plasma triglyceride(TG)(P0.01), insulin(INS)(P0.05), and GH(P0.01) levels was observed with decreasing dietary FL. Ruminal p H values of calves fed with low F:C diets were significantly lower than those in high F:C treatment(P0.05). Increasing the F:C enhanced ruminal acetic acid(P0.05) and acetic acid/propionic acid(P0.01). Fecal Lactobacillus content was significantly higher, while Escherichia coli and Salmonella contents were significantly lower in WL and high F:C groups(P0.05). Lower fecal scores(higher diarrhea rate) were observed in calves fed with SL hay compared to WL hay(P0.05). Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) bands and richness index(S) were significantly affected by the interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05), under high F:C, band numbers and richness index from WL group were higher than that from SL group(P0.05), whereas there were no differences between WL andSL groups under low F:C(P0.05). Microflora similarity was 50–73% among the different treatments. It is concluded that the WL with high F:C(65:35) diet is suitable for weaned calves.