Studies on Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum)

Drying of leaf protein concentrate (LPC) in either a cabinet dehydrator or in a steam heated drum drier adversely affected extractability of lipids and availability of essential amino acids. Extraction of heated protein with chloroform: methanol mixture or acetone improved availability of amino acids. The amount of available essential amino acids in the freeze dried LPC was also increased by solvent extraction.     

Concentrate levels and Saccharomyces cerevisiae affect rumen fluid-associated bacteria numbers in dairy heifers

Total viable rumen bacteria counts through the use of colony-unit forming assays lack accuracy because they only include culturable bacteria capable of initiating cell division. Thus, bacterial counts can be underestimated. The use of fluorescent characteristics of cell membranes allows flow cytometry to enumerate and distinguish dead from live bacteria cells. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the viable and total ruminal bacteria counts when 3 levels of forage:concentrate in diets were fed at restricted levels with the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YC). Three cannulated post-pubertal Holstein heifers (age 18 ± 1.0 months) were fed corn silage (CS)-based diets in a 3-period (35 d) Latin square design. Heifers were fed the diets for 21 d with no yeast addition, followed by 14 d where yeast culture (YC) was added (1 g/kg as-fed basis); (Yea-Sacc¹⁰²⁶, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY). A low concentrate (LC) TMR (80% CS, 20% concentrate; 12.4% CP, 35% NDF), a medium concentrate (MC) TMR (60% CS, 40% concentrate; 12.3% CP. 28% NDF), and a high concentrate (HC) TMR (40% CS, 60% concentrate; 12.6% CP, 25% NDF), were fed once per day. Rumen fluid was sampled − 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 h after feeding. Samples were immediately stained with fluorescent dyes using the BacLight kit (Molecular Probes Inc., Eugene, OR) and analyzed with a Coulter XL-MCL single laser flow cytometer. Mean rumen viable bacteria counts linearly increased among treatments (4.96, 4.78, 6.73 × 10¹¹ ± 0.53 × 10¹¹ cells/ml; P = 0.02) for LC, MC and HC respectively, and YC addition increased number of viable bacteria cells (P < 0.01). Total and viable bacteria counts decreased for the first 2 h after feeding then increased 4 h post-feeding. Dietary concentrate level and YC can alter rumen bacteria counts as measured by this method.     

枯草芽胞杆菌YN2014090悬浮剂的研制

为研发出一种对番茄白粉病有稳定防效的微生物农药,以枯草芽胞杆菌YN2014090为有效成分,通过加入分散剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、紫外保护剂、防腐剂等助剂,按照相应比例混合,制得YN2014090悬浮剂,活菌数达到3.2×10^10 cfu/mL。结果表明,其配方为YN2014090菌粉15%、黄原胶2.2%、分散剂EMA 8%、600#12%、D425 2.2%、OP-10 2.2%、吐温20 1.2%、PEG600 1.2%,尿素0.3%,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.12%。所制悬浮剂p H在8.20~8.30,细度(<10μm)通过率大于95%,持久泡沫量(1min后)小于38 mL,倾倒后残余物质量分数小于5%,洗涤后残余物质量分数小于0.4%。连续两次药后11 d对番茄白粉病的防效达到94.21%,表明新研制的悬浮剂对番茄白粉病有较好的防治效果。     

Aqueous fractionation improves the nutritional value of wheat distillers grains for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Fractionation of wheat wet distillers grains (WWDG) was performed to reduce non‐starch polysaccharides (NSP) and increase protein content. WWDG was collected from two ethanol plants, and protein was extracted by the addition of water, autoclaving to precipitate protein and drying in a forced air oven at 55 °C to create WWDG–protein concentrate (WWDG–PC). This process increased crude protein (CP) and decreased NSP in the WWDG–PC (P < 0.05). Dry matter and energy digestibility of WWDG–PC in rainbow trout were increased by fractionation (P < 0.05). A 56‐day growth trial was performed to determine the effect of feeding WWDG–PC on growth performance of rainbow trout. Rainbow trout (n = 18/tank; body weight = 231 g; 3 tanks/treatment) were fed diets containing 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 g kg^?1 WWDG–PC. All diets were formulated to contain 386 g kg^?1 digestible CP and 17.6 MJ kg^?1 digestible energy. There was no significant linear or quadratic relationship between inclusion rate and growth, feed intake or feed conversion, indicating that at inclusion levels of up to 300 g kg^?1 of WDDG–PC does not reduce the growth performance of rainbow trout.     

10亿PIB/mL斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂的研制

以测量较小流点法为标准,采用优化组合法对适宜加工10亿PIB/mL斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂的润湿分散剂、增稠剂、防腐剂、防冻剂等助剂进行筛选,确定其最佳配方组成为:SpltNPV 10亿PIB/mL、农乳500#2.0%、SP-2700 1.5%、白炭黑3%、黄原胶0.1%、硅酸铝镁1.5%、苯甲酸钠0.3%、乙二醇3%、有机硅消泡剂0.2%,余量水。结果表明:采用以上配方经湿法研磨3 h后,产品悬浮率90%以上,冷热贮等各项指标合格,产品质量稳定。     

论我国绿色饲料产业建设基本战略问题

我国饲料社会需求增长不可逆转，国内未来精饲料，秸秆饲料生产能力不足，国际饲料市场容量有限，决定了我国必须开辟新型饲料生产途径。绿色饲生产基础良好，生产技术和积累丰富等因素为我国绿色饲料产业大规模建设了充分必要条件。建设绿色饲料产业是未来我国农业建设的关键性内容。