荔枝龙眼细胞悬浮培养和转基因研究(英文)

应用正交设计研究了IBA、6-BA、GA3和CM等植物生长调节剂在龙眼(Dimocarpus longana Lour.)与荔枝 (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)细胞悬浮培养中的作用,并就悬浮培养细胞对Km的敏感性以及用金刚沙对胚性愈伤组织在 液体状态下进行创伤和用分别带有AP1和APBD基因的农杆菌对创伤的愈伤组织进行遗传转化进行了探讨。结果 表明:IBA、6-BA、GA3和CM均可显著地提高悬浮培养系的产量,但GA3导致细胞的快速生长和褐变。悬浮培养系 细胞在液体培养基中比在固体培养基中对Km较敏感。用金刚沙对胚性愈伤组织在液体状态下进行创伤后进行农 杆菌介导转化可以得到更多的Km抗性胚状体。PCR检测结果显示,AP1及AP-D基因均已转入龙眼的胚状体中。     

农药乳油的胶凝

本文介绍了农药乳油的胶凝现象，对引起乳油胶凝化的原因进行了初步分析。     

15%氟啶胺包衣悬浮剂防治油菜根肿病研究

为防治油菜重要病害根肿病,研制15%氟啶胺包衣悬浮剂,以甘蓝型油菜品种中双9号为材料的试验结果表明:按包衣比[包衣剂质量(g)∶种子质量(g)]≥1∶50包衣油菜种子,15%氟啶胺包衣剂对种子发芽率、成苗率及油菜苗高、根长和鲜重没有显著影响。用包衣比1∶200、1∶100、1∶50和1∶25包衣的种子,盆栽试验中根肿病的防治效果为43.7%、46.4%、83.5%和92.5%;田间小区试验防治效果分别为22.2%、53.6%、44.5%和54.5%。初步结果说明,可用15%氟啶胺的包衣悬浮剂按包衣比1∶100~1∶50处理种子防治油菜根肿病。     

双酶法对大豆浓缩蛋白限制性酶解及其功能性质研究

为改善大豆浓缩蛋白（SPC）的功能性,使其更好地应用于各项领域,利用Alcalase和Flavourzyme 2种蛋白酶对SPC进行酶解。结果发现,在温度60℃,Alcalase酶活力1000 U/g,pH值8.0的条件下,持续酶解50 min,得到水解度3.02%的一次酶解产物,并在此酶解产物的基础上用Flavourzyme控制酶活力100 U/g,温度50℃和pH值6.0的条件下,酶解1 h,得到氨基氮含量为0.036%的二次酶解产物。通过SDS-PAGE分析发现,Alcalase酶解之后, SPC的α亚基和β亚基都基本被酶解,α'亚基未全部酶解; Flavourzyme酶解后,α'亚基全部被酶解,并且2种酶修饰产物集中在31.0 kDa以下。比较2种酶解产物与未被酶解产品的功能性（溶解性、保水性、吸油性和乳化性）变化,结果发现经双酶酶解后SPC的溶解性有很大程度的提高,保水率、吸油率和乳化活性均有一定程度的提高。     

Study of liver and gut alterations in sea bream,Sparus aurata L., fed a mixture of vegetable protein concentrates

This study evaluated liver and gut alterations of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L., fed diets in which fish meal was substituted by a mixture (M) of pea protein concentrate (PPC) and rice protein concentrate (RPC). Histological studies were conducted to evaluate the possible changes produced by four experimental isolipidic (18%) and isoproteic (48%CP) diets with 30%, 60% and 90% of fish meal substitution by a pea and rice mixture and compared with a control diet (0%). The results obtained in the present histological study showed significant changes especially in the case of the 90% substitution in parameters such as thickness of the layers, goblet cells and villi measurements. Structural integrity of the gut would not be significantly affected by a diet of up to 60% substitution. The alterations observed in the liver could not only be attributed to diet but also to possible individual variations.     

超声处理对乳清浓缩蛋白凝胶特性影响

采用超声技术对乳清浓缩蛋白进行改性处理,探索超声改性条件对乳清浓缩蛋白凝胶特性的影响和规律.研究乳清浓缩蛋白分散液质量分数、乳清浓缩蛋白分散液pH值、超声处理功率和处理时间对乳清浓缩蛋白凝胶特性的影响规律.结果表明:在一定范围内随着超声处理强度的增强,乳清浓缩蛋白的凝胶特性逐步增强,乳清浓缩蛋白分散液在中性条件下超声处理后形成的凝胶品质最高.超声处理配合蛋白分散液pH值调整能够较为有效地提高乳清浓缩蛋白凝胶特性.     

Soy protein concentrate as an alternative in replacement of fish meal in the feeds of hybrid grouper,brown‐marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) × giant grouper (E. lanceolatus) juvenile

Hybrid grouper juveniles (body weight, 6.1 ± 0.7 g) (brown‐marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × giant grouper, E. lanceolatus) were fed with six isoproteic (50% crude protein) and isolipidic (12% crude lipid) feeds containing different levels of soy protein concentrate (SPC) in replacement of fish meal (SPC at 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% protein) and control feed (SPC0) for 6 weeks. Hybrid grouper juveniles were cultured in 100‐L fibreglass tank equipped with flow‐through water system and fed twice a day to apparent satiation level. The highest and lowest growth was recorded in fish fed SPC20 and SPC60 respectively. However, growth of SPC20 was not significantly higher than those fed SPC0, SPC30, SPC40 and SPC50 (p > .05). A decreasing growth trend was observed with the increasing level of SPC from feed SPC40 to SPC60. A noticeable better feed utilization was also observed in fish fed SPC0, SPC20, SPC30, SPC40 and SPC50 compared to fish fed SPC60 (p < .05). The fish condition factor, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index and whole body proximate content of the fish were not affected by the graded levels of SPC. However, the body lipid content was significantly lower in fish fed SPC40 to SPC60 (p < .05). The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein and lipid was significantly higher in fish fed SPC0 and SPC20 compared to other dietary treatments (p < .05). Based on the regression analysis on specific growth rate, the study suggests that the hybrid grouper grow best at 21.4% and can utilize up to 50% inclusion level of SPC in protein without significantly affect their growth and its body condition.     

白僵菌与苏云金芽胞杆菌水悬浮剂研制及田间防治玉米螟研究

通过室内生物测定,研究球孢白僵菌和苏云金芽胞杆菌联合防治玉米螟的效果。研究表明,确定白僵菌与苏云金芽胞杆菌浓度分别为1.0×106孢子/mL、1.0×109孢子/mL条件下,杀虫效果达到最佳,LT90为6.64(±0.07)d,较1.0×109的Bb LT90缩短26.06%。通过助剂悬浮率、乳化效果以及助剂对微生物活性影响等确定1个白僵菌与苏云金芽孢杆菌水悬浮剂剂型配方。田间防治玉米螟结果表明,两种生防菌均在防治过程中起作用,田间玉米受害株数、活虫数均明显低于未施药对照,防治效果优于单一使用白僵菌或苏云金芽胞杆菌。     

防治番茄灰霉病的枯草芽胞杆菌BAB-1粉尘剂研制

目前我国农药登记的微生物杀菌剂主要为水剂和可湿性粉剂两种剂型。为了克服常规喷雾导致温室大棚内湿度增加给防病带来的不利影响,本文以枯草芽胞杆菌BAB-1为有效成分开展了粉尘剂研究,通过对载体和助剂的筛选,明确了最佳的载体、助剂种类及其比例,最终确定100亿CFU/g枯草芽胞杆菌BAB-1粉尘剂的配方为：滑石粉20%、分散剂GY-D900 2%、菌株BAB-1原药补足至100%。该制剂具有很好的悬浮效果（30 min时悬浮率>50%）。室内盆栽试验表明,菌株BAB-1粉尘剂对番茄灰霉病防效达到57.14%~71.43%,对黄瓜灰霉病的保护作用优于治疗作用,施用1次的防病效果分别为48.80%和1.65%;温室大棚试验结果表明,该制剂在番茄大棚中施用3次后对灰霉病的防效达到79.04%,对照化学药剂嘧菌酯800倍水溶液的防效为82.55%。该研究结果为枯草芽胞杆菌BAB-1粉尘剂的进一步产业化开发和应用提供了科学依据。     

新型农药纳米分散剂型的表征和防效的比较研究

为明确高效氯氟氰菊酯固体纳米分散体的理化性状及其对鳞翅目害虫的田间药效,采用市售乳油和微囊悬浮剂作为对照剂型,通过形貌特征、分散性能、接触角和滞留量测定,对其分散特性及界面性质进行了表征和分析,并开展了田间药效试验,研究了其速效性和持效性。结果显示：该制剂的平均粒径和多分散指数（20.63 nm和0.36）均小于乳油（460.60 nm和0.455）和微囊悬浮剂（1 077.00 nm和0.505）,水稻叶面接触角比乳油小9°(左)和6°(右),甘蓝叶面接触角比微囊悬浮剂小46°(左)和41°(右),且甘蓝叶面上固体纳米分散体的滞留量比微囊悬浮剂大4.83 mg/cm2。纳米化减小了颗粒粒径,改善了兑水分散特性,减小了接触角,增大了滞留量。田间药效结果证明固体纳米分散体使用剂量为乳油推荐剂量（18.75 g a.i./hm2）的432%时,对水稻二化螟的白穗防效和保苗效果分别为85.64%和90.18%,防效显著优于乳油,表现出优异的速效性。使用剂量与微囊悬浮剂的推荐剂量（11.25 g a.i./hm2）相当时,对甘蓝菜青虫的药后1 d、3 d、7 d和14 d防效分别为83.55%、90.00%、93.48%和88.00%,显示出较好的持效性。上述结果表明高效氯氟氰菊酯固体纳米分散体因其小尺寸效应和表面效应,分散性能、靶标展布附着和渗透力显著增强,速效性好,持效期长,可有效提高农药生物活性,降低使用剂量和施用频次,是一种高效安全环保的新型农药制剂。