浓缩苹果汁生产中HACCP的建立和运用

对浓缩苹果汁生产过程中影响产品安全性的因素进行了危害分析,研究确立了5个关键控制点以及关键限值,并采取了相应的纠偏措施,以将危害因素降低到最低限度,提高产品的质量。     

悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定桑叶中的微量元素

[目的]利用悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定桑叶中的微量元素。[方法]桑叶样品经烘干、粉碎、过筛,悬浮在0.30%琼脂溶液中,超声分散成均匀的悬浮液。火焰原子吸收光谱法测定该悬浮液中微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Mg、Ca的含量。[结果]桑叶样品悬浮液的最佳稳定剂为0.30%琼脂溶液,且琼脂溶液的最适加入量为40 ml;超声处理可使悬浮液的稳定性大大增加;10.0 mlLaC l3溶液可消除化学干扰。桑叶样品中Fe、Mn、Zn、Mg、Ca的平均值分别为582.32、70.97、32.54、3 977.50和3 279.75μg/g;各微量元素的回收率为96.4%~105.4%。[结论]该法快捷、简便、具有良好的精密度和准确度。     

10亿PIB/mL斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂的研制

以测量较小流点法为标准,采用优化组合法对适宜加工10亿PIB/mL斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂的润湿分散剂、增稠剂、防腐剂、防冻剂等助剂进行筛选,确定其最佳配方组成为:SpltNPV 10亿PIB/mL、农乳500#2.0%、SP-2700 1.5%、白炭黑3%、黄原胶0.1%、硅酸铝镁1.5%、苯甲酸钠0.3%、乙二醇3%、有机硅消泡剂0.2%,余量水。结果表明:采用以上配方经湿法研磨3 h后,产品悬浮率90%以上,冷热贮等各项指标合格,产品质量稳定。     

Prefeedîng Plasma Acetoacetate and Glucose in Healthy,Lactating Heifers. Variations Related to Milk Yield,Metabolic Balances and Stage of Lactation

Halse. K. and B. Tveit: Prefeeding plasma acetoacetate and glucose in healthy, lactating heifers. Variations related to milk yield, metabolic balances and stage of lactation. Acta vet scand. 1994, 35,243-255. - When measured before morning feeding plasma acetoacetate (ACAC) increased and glucose (GL) decreased significantly with increasing milk yield (fat corrected, FCM) within 2 groups of half-sister related heifers which did not suffer from clinical ketosis. The groups received respectively A: 7 kg and B: 4 kg/d of concentrates in addition to grass silage ad libitum (each group 88 animals). Correlation coefficients of the same magnitude between the 3 variables mentioned were obtained in the 1st and 3rd month of lactation in spite of a narrowing of the ACAC range from 0.024 - 0.66 to 0.019 - 0.16 mmol/1. Reproducibility of differences between animals in milk yield and in the plasma components was evidenced by significant correlations between measurements in the 1st and 3rd month. The B-animals produced 2.4 kg/d less FCM than the better fed A group (A, 1st month of lactation 19.8 ±3.1 kg/d) while the mean values for ACAC and GL remained practically unaffected by the difference in feeding. B cows gave consistently 5-6 % lower GL means (p< 0.01) than A animals with identical yields.Animals which showed marked ACAC increment during the first 5-6 weeks of lactation produced 3-4 kg more FCM/d than equally fed animals with constantly low ACAC levels. The estimated energy deficit of this ketonaemic, high-producing category corresponded to the production of 4.5 - 6 kg FCM/d from body reserves. Low ACAC values (<0.05 mmol/1) were reproduced with a standard deviation of ± 4% with the automated nitroprusside method described.     

恩诺沙星混悬液在猪体内的药动学及生物利用度

本文比较了恩诺沙星混悬液和恩诺沙星溶液在猪体内的药动学特征和生物利用度。选用 7头健康猪按拉丁方设计进行静注、肌注恩诺沙星溶液和肌注恩诺沙星混悬液在猪体内的药物动力学研究。 3种给药方法的剂量均为 10mg/kg。猪静注给药的药时数据符合二室开放模型 ,主要药动学参数为 :t1/ 2α0 6 4± 0 15h ,t1/ 2 β9 0 6± 2 47h ,Vd(area) 4 40± 0 88L/kg ,ClB0 35± 0 0 6L·kg-1·h-1,AUC2 9 85± 4 11L·kg-1·h。猪肌注恩诺沙星溶液和恩诺沙星混悬液的药时数据符合一级吸收一室模型 ,其主要药动学参数分别为t1/ 2ka0 2 4± 0 10h和 1 2 5± 1 0 9h(P <0 0 5 ) ;t1/ 2ke8 90± 2 0 2h和 18 95± 4 5 5h(P <0 0 1) ;Tmax1 2 5± 0 41h和 5 14± 2 95h(P <0 0 1) ;Cmax1 5 4± 0 2 5 μg/ml和 0 87± 0 2 1μg/ml;AUC2 1 49± 4 94mg·L-1·h和 2 8 97± 10 80mg·L-1·h ;F72 0 %±17 4%和 97 7%± 35 0 %。比较肌注恩诺沙星混悬液和恩诺沙星溶液的主要药动学参数 ,二者有显著差异 ,前者的t1/ 2ka、Tmax、t1/ 2ke和Cmax分别为后者的 5 2、4 1、2 1和 0 6倍。这些差异说明恩诺沙星混悬液肌注后吸收缓慢 ,消除半衰期延长 ,临床应用 48h给药 1次仍能维持对常见病原菌的有效血药     

30%代森锰锌悬浮剂的研究

本文简述了30%代森锰锌悬浮剂助剂最佳配方的研究和田间药效试验，及其应用前景。     

3种剂型吡虫啉制剂对小麦蚜虫的室内毒力测定

不同剂型的吡虫啉制剂对小麦蚜虫进行室内毒力测定，结果表明20％水剂的LC50为0．2355mg/L，显著低于对照药剂，而毒力为对照药剂的13～14倍。     

不同精粗比日粮对青年母水牛尿中嘌呤衍生物排出规律的影响

试验选取3头24月龄、体重相近的健康母水牛,采用随机区组试验设计,分别饲喂象草22.93kg+精料1.19kg/d(处理A)、象草18.63kg+精料2.07kg/d(处理B)和象草14.33kg+精料2.96kg/d(处理C)3种不同精粗组合的试验日粮。结果表明:随着精料水平的上升,营养物质的表观消化率呈递增趋势(P<0.05);粪氮和尿氮呈递减趋势(P<0.05);氮平衡和能量消化率明显增加(P<0.01);尿中PD的排出量显著升高(P<0.05);肌酸酐的排出量稳定在40mmol/d左右,各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Indexes in Tibetan Sheep after Grazing at High Altitude Area in Cold Season

To study the effects of concentrate supplementation on serum biochemical indexes,40 nine-month-old Oura-type Tibetan sheep (30.21 kg±1.42 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups.Group A grazed naturally,group B,C and D supplemented with 0.10,0.20 and 0.30 kg mixed concentrate per sheep every day after grazing,respectively.The trial lasted 210 days.The results showed that the content of total serum protein (TP),albumin (ALB),globulin (GLB),calcium (Ca),Ca/IP(inorganic phosphorus) value,creatine kinase (CK),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),aspartate transaminase (AST),alaine transaminase (ALT) and γ-glutamine transferase (GGT) of the sheep increased with the concentrate supplemented.The content of serum glucose (GLU),cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TG),the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT),the concentrations of growth hormone (GH),insulin-like growth facior-1 (IGF-1),cholecystokinin (CCK),IgA,IgG and IgM increased with the increasing of the amount of concentrate supplementation.But the IgG concentration of group D decreased a little compared with group C (P>0.05).Supplementary feed significantly increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AMP),the concentration of urea nitrogen (BUN) and the value of BUN/CRE (P<0.05),and significantly decreased the concentrations of creatinine (CRE) and uric acid (UA) (P<0.05).The results showed that supplemented with proper amount of concentrate after returning to grazing in cold season could improve the energy and fat metabolic capacity,enhance the synthesis of liver protein,improve the immunity and antioxidant capacity of the body,and regulate the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus of Oura-type Tibetan sheep.     

东方红802型拖拉机悬架的力学分析

运用力学的基本原理,对东方红802型拖拉机悬架在静态条件下的运行状态进行了分析,得出了该类悬架结构设计过程的一些依据,对类似悬架的结构设计提供了参考。