氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂的体外药效学研究(英文)

[目的]为了探明氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂的体外药效学特征。[方法]以氟苯尼考注射液为对照组对氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂进行5种细菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)和耐药突变选择窗(MSW)的测定,对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌进行抗生素后效应(PAE)和抗生素后亚抑菌浓度效应(PASME)的测定。[结果]相对于普通注射液氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂对5种细菌的MIC和MBC无明显变化,但其明显缩小了对5种细菌的MSW(P<0.01),并且明显的延长了对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌PAE和PASME(P<0.01)。[结论]氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂在体外能够减小细菌耐药几率,明显延长抗生素对细菌的后效应时间,从而有效地提高抗菌效果。     

悬浮液体肥在滴灌施肥中对香蕉生长·水肥利用的影响

[目的]为了研究田间悬浮液体肥(SLF)对香蕉生长及水肥利用的影响。[方法]以单质化学肥料为对照,研究农季高液体悬浮肥对香蕉生长及产量的影响。[结果]SLF处理肥料成本比对照降低24.7%,香蕉单株产量19.40 kg/株,折合产量41.3×103kg/hm2,比对照增产2.5%,增收5 889元/hm2,经济效益显著提高。[结论]悬浮液体肥在滴灌施肥中具有广阔的应用前景。     

枣汁贮藏过程中HMF含量与颜色参数相关性分析

[目的]分析枣汁贮藏过程中HMF含量与颜色参数的相关性,得到表征大枣浓缩汁贮藏期间的颜色变化情况的各个参数之间的关系.[方法]在4、26和37℃条件下对大枣浓缩汁进行了7个月的贮藏研究,对产品中与非酶褐变颜色参数(A420、L’、Chroma值)与大枣浓缩汁中HMF含量变化的相关性进行了研究.[结果]试验表明,4、26和37℃贮藏条件下,大枣浓缩汁中的HMF和A420变化呈线性关系,颜色参教(A420、L*、Chroma值)是HMF的函数,具有相关性,可用一级动力学方程表示.26、37℃贮藏过程中大枣浓缩汁的颜色参数变化显著(P＜0.05),明显高于4℃贮藏,低温有利于大枣浓缩汁的贮藏.[结论]试验可为研究大枣浓缩汁的贮藏品质提供一定的理论依据.     

半夏疏松愈伤组织诱导条件的优化研究(英文)

[目的]建立半夏细胞悬浮培养体系。[方法]以半夏叶柄为外植体,采用正交试验设计研究了2,4-D、NAA、毒莠定和KT4种植物生长物质及其配比对疏松愈伤组织形成的影响。[结果]2,4-D和毒莠定对半夏叶柄愈伤组织诱导效果最显著,KT和NAA次之。诱导半夏叶柄形成疏松愈伤组织的适宜培养基为MS+0.5mg/L2,4-D+1.0mg/LNAA+1.0mg/L毒莠定+1.5mg/LKT。[结论]为通过半夏细胞悬浮提取有效成分和生产人工种子奠定了基础。     

半夏疏松愈伤组织诱导条件的优化研究

[目的]建立半夏细胞悬浮培养体系。[方法]以半夏叶柄为外植体,采用正交试验设计研究了2,4-D、NAA、毒莠定和KT 4种植物生长物质及其配比对疏松愈伤组织形成的影响。[结果]2,4-D和毒莠定对半夏叶柄愈伤组织诱导效果最显著,KT和NAA次之。诱导半夏叶柄形成疏松愈伤组织的适宜培养基为MS＋0.5 mg/L 2,4-D＋1.0 mg/L NAA＋1.0 mg/L毒莠定＋1.5 mg/L KT。[结论]为通过半夏细胞悬浮提取有效成分和生产人工种子奠定了基础。     

降低浓缩果汁中不溶物含量的技术研究与产业应用

果汁加工过程中,为延长超滤有效运行时间,以富士苹果、秦冠苹果为材料,研究了酶解工序中使用复合纤维素酶对超滤通量和有效运行时间的影响,并进行了产业化应用。结果表明:添加复合纤维素酶,降低了酶解罐和超滤潴留罐中不溶物的含量,提高了超滤通量,延长了超滤运行时间,且对浓缩苹果汁的可溶性固形物含量、色值、浊度等品质指标没有影响;复合纤维素酶适宜的添加量为30~100mL/t;经过产业化应用发现,采用该技术,加工成熟度较大的苹果,超滤运行时间从13~16h延长到20~24h,超滤每周期有效运行时间提高45%以上,且平均通量比正常工艺提高10%以上。     

Effect of high inclusion of rendered animal by‐product ingredients on growth,digestibility and economic performances in climbing perch Anabas testudineus

A 70‐day growth trail was conducted to investigate the effects of inclusion of high levels of meat and bone meal (MBM) and protein concentrate (PC) on growth, digestibility and economic performances of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus. Four isonitrogenous diets were formulated by lowering the level of dietary fishmeal protein at 0 (D₁, control), 70 (D₂), 85 (D₃) and 100% (D₄) with a mixture of MBM and PC protein (1:1). Triplicate groups of 300 fish (mean weight of 0.80 g) stocked in each 40 m² pond and fed the respective test diets. A digestibility trial was conducted after the growth trial in indoor glass aquarium. The result showed that growth parameters were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with fishmeal replacement levels. However, significant differences were not found in feed conversion ratio and survival of fish. No difference was also found in protein efficiency ratio among D1, D2 and D3. Similar to growth parameters, total fish production was highest in D1, intermediate in D2 and D3; and lowest in D4. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein and lipid were highest (P < 0.05) in D1 and lowest in D4. The economic analysis revealed that the benefit cost ratio was ranked by D₃ (1.81), D₂ (1.71), D₁ (1.66) and D₄ (1.46) respectively. Upon considering the overall performances and unavailability of finite protein sources, it can be concluded that 70–85% fishmeal could be replaced with a mixture of MBM and PC (1:1) in practical diets for climbing perch.     

Gel Properties of Surimi from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Effects of Whey Protein Concentrate,CaCl2, and Setting Condition

The effects of setting time, whey protein concentrate (WPC), and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) on textural properties of silver carp surimi were investigated. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate and compare the effects of setting time (30–90 min), WPC (1–9% of protein ratio), and CaCl₂ (1–59 mmol/kg) on the gel strength. Models for breaking force, breaking distance, and gel strength of surimi gel were established. The maximum gel strength was achieved at the setting time of 60 min, WPC and CaCl₂ at 5% protein ratio, and 15–18 mmol/kg. CaCl₂ was the most significant factor affecting the gel strength.     

Soy protein concentrate as a substitute for fish meal in diets for juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii: effects on growth,phosphorus discharge and digestive enzyme activity

The current high demand and cost of fish meal (FM) necessities the evaluation of alternative plant protein ingredients in diets of farmed marine fish. A 56‐day feeding trial was performed to study the effects of replacement of FM with soy protein concentrate (SPC) in diets of Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Diets were prepared at levels of 0%, 30%, 47.5%, 65%, 82.5% and 100% SPC, respectively, replacing FM. The results indicated no significant differences (p > .05) in % weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed S30% to S82.5% diets compared with the control diet while, further inclusion at 100% significantly depressed growth performance. SPC inclusion and phytase supplementation significantly affected the phosphorous discharge (P‐load) showing lowest value (3.83 ± 0.53 g/kg WG) in S100% compared to control (14.79 ± 0.37 g/kg WG) and in fish fed S30% diet (13.24 ± 0.89 g/kg WG) (p < .05). The results of this study showed that FM could be substituted up to 82.5% by SPC in the diet of Acanthopagrus schlegelii fingerlings (5.53 ± 0.12 g) without any adverse effects. Phytase supplementation SPC based diets could be effective in reducing the phosphorus load in the aquatic culture environment.     

Nitrogen Fertilizer Replacement Value of the Liquid Fraction of Separated Livestock Slurries Applied to Potatoes and Silage Maize

Separation of livestock slurries followed by reverse osmosis yields mineral concentrates (MCs) in which almost all nitrogen (N) is ammonium (NH₄)-N. The ability of MCs to substitute calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), a common conventional mineral N fertilizer, was tested in two trials on a silty loam soil (ware potatoes, 2009 and 2010) and four trials on sandy soils (starch potatoes, 2009 and 2010; silage maize in 2010 and 2011). The N fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) of spring-injected MCs ranged from 72 to 84%, slightly less than their share of ammonium-N (90–100%). The fate of N that was apparently unavailable to crops was not fully disclosed, but there were indications that ammonia loss may have played a role.