Gel Properties of Surimi from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Effects of Whey Protein Concentrate,CaCl2, and Setting Condition

The effects of setting time, whey protein concentrate (WPC), and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) on textural properties of silver carp surimi were investigated. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate and compare the effects of setting time (30–90 min), WPC (1–9% of protein ratio), and CaCl₂ (1–59 mmol/kg) on the gel strength. Models for breaking force, breaking distance, and gel strength of surimi gel were established. The maximum gel strength was achieved at the setting time of 60 min, WPC and CaCl₂ at 5% protein ratio, and 15–18 mmol/kg. CaCl₂ was the most significant factor affecting the gel strength.     

Soy protein concentrate as a substitute for fish meal in diets for juvenile Acanthopagrus schlegelii: effects on growth,phosphorus discharge and digestive enzyme activity

The current high demand and cost of fish meal (FM) necessities the evaluation of alternative plant protein ingredients in diets of farmed marine fish. A 56‐day feeding trial was performed to study the effects of replacement of FM with soy protein concentrate (SPC) in diets of Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Diets were prepared at levels of 0%, 30%, 47.5%, 65%, 82.5% and 100% SPC, respectively, replacing FM. The results indicated no significant differences (p > .05) in % weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate of fish fed S30% to S82.5% diets compared with the control diet while, further inclusion at 100% significantly depressed growth performance. SPC inclusion and phytase supplementation significantly affected the phosphorous discharge (P‐load) showing lowest value (3.83 ± 0.53 g/kg WG) in S100% compared to control (14.79 ± 0.37 g/kg WG) and in fish fed S30% diet (13.24 ± 0.89 g/kg WG) (p < .05). The results of this study showed that FM could be substituted up to 82.5% by SPC in the diet of Acanthopagrus schlegelii fingerlings (5.53 ± 0.12 g) without any adverse effects. Phytase supplementation SPC based diets could be effective in reducing the phosphorus load in the aquatic culture environment.     

Effect of high inclusion of rendered animal by‐product ingredients on growth,digestibility and economic performances in climbing perch Anabas testudineus

A 70‐day growth trail was conducted to investigate the effects of inclusion of high levels of meat and bone meal (MBM) and protein concentrate (PC) on growth, digestibility and economic performances of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus. Four isonitrogenous diets were formulated by lowering the level of dietary fishmeal protein at 0 (D₁, control), 70 (D₂), 85 (D₃) and 100% (D₄) with a mixture of MBM and PC protein (1:1). Triplicate groups of 300 fish (mean weight of 0.80 g) stocked in each 40 m² pond and fed the respective test diets. A digestibility trial was conducted after the growth trial in indoor glass aquarium. The result showed that growth parameters were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) with fishmeal replacement levels. However, significant differences were not found in feed conversion ratio and survival of fish. No difference was also found in protein efficiency ratio among D1, D2 and D3. Similar to growth parameters, total fish production was highest in D1, intermediate in D2 and D3; and lowest in D4. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein and lipid were highest (P < 0.05) in D1 and lowest in D4. The economic analysis revealed that the benefit cost ratio was ranked by D₃ (1.81), D₂ (1.71), D₁ (1.66) and D₄ (1.46) respectively. Upon considering the overall performances and unavailability of finite protein sources, it can be concluded that 70–85% fishmeal could be replaced with a mixture of MBM and PC (1:1) in practical diets for climbing perch.     

七自由度车辆悬架系统的数学建模

悬架系统是机动车上的重要部件,其性能的好坏对车辆的平顺性、操纵稳定性和安全性等都有重要的影响。而悬架数学模型的精确性、合理性对悬架的研究起到决定作用。本文以汽车整体为研究对象,进行了力学分析,根据牛顿运动定律推导出悬架各部分的力学微分方程,从而建立了七自由度悬架系统模型,为汽车主动悬架的进一步研究提供了理论基础与依据。     

非独立悬架和独立悬架三轮汽车特性计算与比较

计算了非独立钢板弹簧后悬架和单横摆臂式独立后悬架三轮汽车的平顺性和操纵稳定性指标,通过比较可见,具有单横摆独立后悬架的三轮汽车有较好的平顺性和操纵稳定性,并建立了计算三轮汽车车架侧倾角的公式。     

4UX—550型马铃薯收获机悬挂机组机液耦合仿真

应用Pro/E软件建立了4UX-550型马铃薯收获机与东方红200P型拖拉机悬挂机构参数化模型,进行了拖拉机悬挂机构与马铃薯收获机装配.将装配模型导入ADAMS中,建立了液压提升回路系统模型,进行了机械系统与液压系统的耦合仿真.结果表明,液压力驱动悬挂机组提升工况下,上悬挂点垂直方向出现最大力的时间要比机械力驱动滞后0.080 s,下悬挂点滞后0.088 s;下降工况下,上悬挂点滞后0.056 s,下悬挂点滞后0.060 s.液压力驱动与机械力驱动上、下悬挂点的受力基本相同,液压缸缓冲力的波动范围为5.09 ～ 15.39 N.     

基于ADAMS的悬架多柔体动力学仿真

介绍如何利用系统动力学仿真软件ADAMS建立悬架多柔体运动学分析模型,并分别对悬架模型进行了多刚体和多柔体仿真,其结果表明悬架中各构件的柔性变形对悬架各个定位参数在车轮跳动的情况下的变化特性都有较明显的影响。为此,本文提供了如何利用ADAMS对悬架进行柔体运动学仿真的一种方法。     

两种新型制剂对人工诱发鸡白痢的疗效观察

为了评价头孢噻呋不同剂型、不同用法对革兰氏阴性菌所致鸡病的临床疗效。采用3日龄雏鸡人工诱发鸡白痢,接种后5小时分别对6组试验鸡给以不同剂量头孢噻呋混悬液(注射)和头孢噻呋钠冻干粉(灌服),每天一次,连用三天,同时对另3组试验鸡用硫酸粘杆菌素、氟苯尼考、氨苄西林混悬注射液作药物治疗对照。用药后15天试验结果表明:头孢噻呋治疗组的平均死亡率为8 3%,对照药物治疗组的死亡率分别为26 6%(氨苄西林混悬注射液)、10 0%(硫酸粘杆菌素)、23 3%(氟苯尼考)。头孢噻呋组的平均治愈率为87 75%,对照药物治疗组的治愈率分别为70%(氨苄西林混悬注射液)、76 6%(硫酸粘杆菌素)、63 3%(氟苯尼考)。头孢噻呋的治疗效果在死亡率、有效率和治愈率的指标比较上,均显著高于对照药物;头孢噻呋混悬液和冻干粉在同剂量水平比较上,疗效无统计学差异;两剂型高、中剂量组的疗效均高于低剂量组。     

补饲高锰酸钾对绵羊瘤胃pH和TVFA的影响

用三只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的新疆细毛羯羊(平均体重40kg)按2×2因子方差设计试验,研究两种精料水平下补饲高锰酸钾对绵羊瘤胃pH值和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度的影响。结果表明:1 瘤胃pH值与TVFA浓度间呈强负相关,r=-0.8581(n=28,p<0.01);2 高锰酸钾降低瘤胃TVFA浓度(p<0.10),升高瘤胃pH值(p<0.05)。说明高锰酸钾对瘤胃发酵水平具有调控作用。     

铜藻提取液对月见草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究了不同浓度的铜藻提取液对月见草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：铜藻提取液可提高月见草种子的萌发率、发芽指数及发芽势,并可促进幼苗的生长。提取液可显著的提高月见草地上部分的干湿重、根系的鲜重、叶片的类胡萝卜素含量及叶绿素a与b的比值;降低叶绿素b的含量。但是,对其根系的干重及叶绿素a的影响规律性较差。总体来讲,铜藻提取液对月见草的种子萌发及幼苗生长具有促进作用。