茄二十八星瓢虫对雷公藤和曼陀罗提取物的敏感性

为研究寄主植物对茄二十八星瓢虫药剂敏感性及体内酶活力的影响,采用浸渍法分别测定了取食茄子、马铃薯、番茄和龙葵的茄二十八星瓢虫幼虫(以下简称幼虫)对雷公藤和曼陀罗提取物的敏感性,用生化方法测定了雷公藤和曼陀罗提取物对幼虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和主要解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明,雷公藤提取物对取食茄子、马铃薯、番茄和龙葵的幼虫LC50值分别为1.407 9 mg.L-1、1.595 8 mg.L-1、1.464 7 mg.L-1和1.109 7 mg.L-1,相对毒力指数为78.82、69.54、75.76和100;曼陀罗提取物对取食茄子、马铃薯、番茄和龙葵的幼虫LC50值分别为0.641 7 mg.L-1、0.610 3 mg.L-1、0.758 0 mg.L-1和0.488 3 mg.L-1,相对毒力指数为76.09、80.01、64.42和100;取食龙葵的幼虫对2种植物提取物的敏感性显著高于取食茄子、马铃薯和番茄的幼虫。取食4种寄主植物的幼虫体内靶标酶AChE和主要解毒酶谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)、多功能氧化酶(MFO)活力顺序均为茄子>马铃薯>番茄>龙葵。其中,取食番茄和龙葵的幼虫体内AChE和GST活力显著低于取食茄子和马铃薯的幼虫,取食马铃薯、番茄和龙葵的幼虫CarE活力显著低于取食茄子的幼虫,取食4种寄主植物的幼虫MFO活力差异达极显著水平。雷公藤和曼陀罗提取物对幼虫体内AChE和GST、CarE和MFO活性均有抑制作用。其中,对取食马铃薯幼虫的AChE活力抑制作用最强,其次为取食茄子和番茄的幼虫,对取食龙葵的幼虫抑制作用最低。雷公藤和曼陀罗提取物对取食龙葵幼虫CarE活力的抑制作用最强,而对取食马铃薯的幼虫MFO活力的抑制作用最强。寄主植物中的次生物质对解毒酶的诱导或抑制可能是引起药剂敏感性差异的主要原因。     

Effect of cultivar and cadmium rate upon the nutrient content of soybean plants

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar, Cd rate, and cultivar x Cd rate interaction upon nutrient concentrations in the plant. Cultivars rated as T (tolerant) or S (susceptible) to Cd were included in the study. A factorial combination of 10 cultivars and 4 levels of Cd were randomized in 4 replications of a completely randomized design. Additions of CdCl₂ dissolved in distilled water were made to weighed quantities of dry soil. The soil was a Flanagan silt loam (Aquic Argiudoll). Four weeks after planting, plants were harvested, air dried and dry ashed. Chemical determinations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, K, Ca, Mg and P in plants were made by emission spectroscopy.

Nutrient concentrations were affected by cultivar and rate of Cd and generally, nutrient concentrations decreased as rate of Cd increased. The Cd linear x cultivar interaction significantly affected plant concentration of each element except P indicating that the linear effect of Cd was not consistent among all cultivars. A comparison of “susceptible”; cultivars with “tolerant”; cultivars showed significant differences in nutrient concentration of each element except K. Plant K concentration was significantly associated with a Cd linear x T (tolerant) vs. S (susceptible) interaction indicating that the linear trend due to Cd rate differed between cultivars rated S or T to Cd.     

An evaluation of two potential risk factors, MHC diversity and host density, for infection by an invasive nematode Ashworthius sidemi in endangered European bison (Bison bonasus)

Parasites are thought to increase the risk of host extinction, but their dynamics in endangered species have not been well investigated. The free-living European bison population in Bia?owie?a Forest has recently been massively invaded by a blood-sucking nematode, Ashworthius sidemi. This nematode originated in Asia and was probably transmitted to Europe with the introduction of the sika deer. Here, we investigate the impacts of genetic factors (the Major Histocompatibility Complex class II genes responsible for extracellular parasite recognition) and management practices (supplementary feeding affecting winter population density) on the intensity of A. sidemi infections in bison. All but two out of 110 animals investigated between 2005 and 2009 were infected with A. sidemi, and the intensity of infection increased significantly with time. Due to a severe population bottleneck experienced by the bison, only four class II DRB alleles are retained in the Bia?owie?a population. We found that despite high sequence divergence, neither any of the alleles nor DRB heterozygosity was significantly associated with infection intensity. We did find, however, that winter density of bison herds was positively associated with infection intensity. Winter bison population densities were in turn predicted by the intensity of supplementary feeding.     

蒙古鲌对几种常用药物的敏感性试验

[目的]为蒙古鲌的科学用药提供参考,促进其养殖业的发展.[方法]对蒙古鲌进行了一些常用药物的敏感性试验.[结果]蒙古鲌对氯氰菊酯十分敏感,48 h TLM为0.072 mg/L,最低致死浓度范围为0.063～0.069 mg/L,安全浓度为0.021 6 mg/L.蒙古鲌鱼苗对甲苯咪唑、敌百虫、硫酸铜、强氯精、聚维酮碘均不敏感.以安全浓度为标准,蒙古鲌鱼苗对氯氰菊酯的敏感性大于辛硫磷.[结论]该研究可为更好保护和开发蒙古鲌资源提供依据.     

一株家蚕病原菌的分离鉴定及其药敏试验

从自然死亡家蚕分离得到一菌株zl1-r,回复感染确定其为家蚕病原菌。对该菌进行形态学观察及16SrRNA序列分析,结果显示该病原菌为气单胞菌属(Aeromonasspp.)。药敏试验结果显示,该病原菌对庆大霉素,强力霉素,链霉素,环丙沙星,壮观霉素,卡那霉素,氧氟沙星,多粘菌素有很强的敏感性,对交沙霉素,青霉素,新霉素,阿奇霉素,罗红霉素中度敏感,对头孢唑啉,磺胺甲基异哑唑不敏感,对乙酰螺旋霉素,氨苄西林,头孢拉定片,有耐药性。     

Susceptibility of Louisiana and Florida populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to transgenic Agrisure®Viptera™ 3111 corn

In the United States, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a target species of transgenic corn (Zea mays L.) expressing pyramided Bacillus thuringiensis proteins. In 2011, a total of 150 F₂ two-parent families of S. frugiperda were established using single-pair matings of feral individuals collected from three locations in Louisiana and Florida. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of these field derived families of S. frugiperda to a pyramided Bt corn hybrid containing Agrisure^®Viptera™ 3111 traits. For each F₂ family, 96 neonates were assayed on leaf tissue of Agrisure^®Viptera™ 3111 corn in the laboratory. None of the 150 families survived for 7 days on leaf tissue of the Bt corn plants. The results demonstrate that the field populations of S. frugiperda collected from Louisiana and Florida were susceptible to the pyramided Bt corn product containing Agrisure^®Viptera™ 3111 traits. The data generated in this study can be used as baseline data for resistance monitoring.     

茶尺蠖对不同品系EoNPV敏感性的地理差异研究

就8个省份(湖北、河南、浙江、江西、福建、安徽、湖南和贵州)茶尺蠖种群对2个品系EoNPV-Z(中国农科院茶叶研究所提供)和EoNPV-W(湖北农科院果茶研究所提供)的敏感性差异进行研究.结果表明,浙江种群接种EoNPV-Z后死亡速度最快,接种13d后,死亡率达到100％,致死中浓度(LC50)为1.78×104pIB/mL,而河南种群对EoNPV-Z的敏感性最低,与浙江种群的差异性达553.4倍；浙江种群对EoNPV-W亦最敏感,致死中浓度(LC50)为3.73×104 PIB/mL,而贵州种群的抗性最强,LC50是浙江种群的163.5倍；对两株病毒的致死中时间(LT50)进行比较,EoNPV-W除对贵州种群的LT50大于EoNPV-Z外,对其他种群的LT50均小于EoNPV-Z.综合考虑LC50和LT502个参数,EoNPV-Z对浙江和贵州两种群茶尺蠖的致病效果较好；而EoNPV-W对其他6个种群茶尺蠖的致病力相对较强.     

文蛤中1株河流弧菌的分离·鉴定以及药敏试验

[目的]弄清河流弧菌对海水贝类的危害性,为预防该菌所引起的水产动物疾病提供参考依据。[方法]使用TCBS培养基从文蛤生物体内分离出1株弧菌,对其进行鉴定、致病性以及药敏试验。[结果]分离的弧菌为革兰氏阴性,根据其生理生化特性可初步鉴定为河流弧菌。动物试验结果表明,这株河流弧菌对昆明小鼠具有较强的致病性。河流弧菌对四环素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、氟哌酸、先锋赛、先锋必、丁胺卡那高度敏感,对安卡青霉素、青霉素G、先锋霉素V、利福平耐药。[结论]临床上,应将选用四环素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、氟哌酸、先锋赛、先锋必、丁胺卡那作为治疗河流弧菌的首选药物。     

玉米子粒耐破碎性及其评价与测试方法

玉米子粒破碎及其耐破碎性受多种因素影响,收获时子粒含水率偏高是导致当前玉米子粒破碎率偏高的根本原因。不同品种由于形态、结构和化学组分等的不同及其生长发育所处的环境、栽培措施、烘干存储条件等不同,呈现不同的破碎敏感性,不同品种子粒在相同含水率条件下表现出明显的破碎率差异。子粒耐破碎性目前多采用子粒破碎敏感性和子粒硬度等指标来评价与测定。综述玉米子粒耐破碎性的主要影响因素,子粒破碎敏感度和硬度的定义与测定方法,提出今后重点研究方向,为选育耐破碎品种和制定机械粒收降低破碎率的措施提供参考。     

新型吸管式药敏检测盒的应用及山东省禽源病原菌抗药性监测网络的构建

为了适应兽医临床的简陋条件和在分散的养殖场进行联合抗药性监测,按照药敏试验中试管稀释法原理研制灵敏、准确、稳定、操作简单、无需专门仪器设备的原位吸管式药敏检测盒,4-7h快速判断11种药物对目标病原菌敏感性,指导临床用药,并在肉鸡养殖中进行了应用;同时联合六和、中慧、正大、九联、民和、春雪、益生等省内大型养殖企业,借助企业的技术体系建立山东省动物源病原菌抗药性监测网络、数据库、菌种库,利用网络技术对抗药性数据进行收集、汇总,并实现网上查询,对了解跟踪山东省动物源病原茵抗药性发展规律具有重要参考价值。