Preparation of Magnetic Activated Carbon

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一种热雾施药专用沉降稳定剂的研发

为解决热雾机施药时热雾微粒飘逸及发烟载体与常规商品农药不相容的问题,通过对发烟载体、表面活性剂、凝结核物质及防冻剂、分散剂、增稠剂、消泡剂等助剂进行筛选和组配,开发出一种热雾沉降稳定剂,为热雾施药技术在农作物病虫害防治上的推广应用提供技术支持.     

叶面肥和表面活性剂对辣椒表皮百菌清的光化学降解的影响

[目的]探究叶面肥和表面活性剂对辣椒表皮百菌清的光化学降解的影响。[方法]以高压汞灯为光源,在辣椒表面定量添加百菌清,研究叶面肥(叶面微肥和叶面氮肥)和3种不同类型的表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠、吐温-80和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)对百菌清在辣椒表皮光化学降解的影响。[结果]在高压汞灯下,按推荐剂量添加的叶面微肥和叶面氮肥对百菌清的光化学降解都有强烈的光猝灭作用,光猝灭率分别为89.5%和174.6%。添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠和吐温-80对百菌清的光化学降解均具有光敏作用,光解半衰期T1/2分别为2.23和4.30 h;添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对百菌清的光化学降解具有光猝灭作用,光解半衰期T1/2为7.10 h。[结论]为实际农业生产选择肥料农药及研究百菌清在环境中转化及归趋提供了理论依据。     

Role of Lung Surfactant in Respiratory Disease: Current Knowledge in Large Animal Medicine

Lung surfactant is produced by type II alveolar cells as a mixture of phospholipids, surfactant proteins, and neutral lipids. Surfactant lowers alveolar surface tension and is crucial for the prevention of alveolar collapse. In addition, surfactant contributes to smaller airway patency and improves mucociliary clearance. Surfactant-specific proteins are part of the innate immune defense mechanisms of the lung. Lung surfactant alterations have been described in a number of respiratory diseases. Surfactant deficiency (quantitative deficit of surfactant) in premature animals causes neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Surfactant dysfunction (qualitative changes in surfactant) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome and asthma. Analysis of surfactant from amniotic fluid allows assessment of fetal lung maturity (FLM) in the human fetus and exogenous surfactant replacement therapy is part of the standard care in premature human infants. In contrast to human medicine, use and success of FLM testing or surfactant replacement therapy remain limited in veterinary medicine. Lung surfactant has been studied in large animal models of human disease. However, only a few reports exist on lung surfactant alterations in naturally occurring respiratory disease in large animals. This article gives a general review on the role of lung surfactant in respiratory disease followed by an overview of our current knowledge on surfactant in large animal veterinary medicine.     

表面活性剂对土壤中石油类污染物的洗脱效果研究

表面活性剂具有增溶和乳化性质,能够有效去除土壤中的石油类污染物。本研究以实验室配制的原油污染土壤和苯并[a]蒽污染土壤为供试土壤,采用批量洗脱方法,研究阴、阳离子和非离子等11种表面活性剂的洗脱效果,从而筛选出效果较好的单一表面活性剂进行阴–非复配,并以苯并[a]蒽污染土壤为试验土样,采用单一控制变量法研究复配比、浓度、液固比、温度和添加无机盐种类对洗脱效果的影响。结果表明:对单一表面活性剂,洗脱效果最好的为SDS、Tw80和TX100,三者在浓度10 g/L,液固比为40︰1时对苯并[a]蒽去除率分别为85.3%、74.3%和67.9%;在浓度6 g/L,液固比为20︰1时对原油的去除率分别为65.3%、57.6%和67.3%。SDS-Tw80混合表面活性剂对苯并[a]蒽有协同增溶作用,SDS-Tw80在25℃,浓度6 g/L,液固比20︰1,复配比例6︰4,添加0.02 mol/L碳酸钠为助剂条件下洗脱效果最好,苯并[a]蒽去除率为84.5%。     

嗜酸乳杆菌细菌素的分离纯化及表面活性剂对其活性的影响

从本研究室保藏的一株来自于凯菲尔粒的嗜酸乳杆菌培养基质中分离出具有抑菌活性的蛋白组分——细菌素,对该嗜酸乳杆菌所产生的细菌素的分离方法及表面活性剂对其抑菌活性的影响作用进行了研究。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌在添加了油酸的MRS培养基中培养16h后达到产细菌素高峰;对细菌素分离纯化研究包括三个步骤：硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换色谱（IEC）和疏水作用色谱（HIC）。不同类型的表面活性剂对细菌素的抑菌活性具有不同的影响。     

一株石油降解菌产表面活性剂条件的优化

利用Minitab软件,采用Plackett-Burman设计、选择了温度、转速、pH、加油量、时间5个因素对一株石油降解菌CT-6(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)产表面活性剂的条件进行了优化.结果表明:当温度为35℃、加油量为4％、pH为8.0、转速为213 r/rain、培养时间为152 h时,产生的表面活性剂排油效果最好,排油圈达6.4 cm,乳化性能达92％,细胞表面疏水性达41％,比优化前分别提高了35.9％、29.6％、64％.     

表面活性剂调控瘤胃营养功能研究进展

表面活性剂分为化学表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂两大类,非离子表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂作为新型反刍动物饲料添加剂,可通过改变瘤胃液乳化特性、瘤胃微生物种群数量、分泌酶活性、酶吸附能力和瘤胃发酵模式,来增强瘤胃微生物对粗饲料的降解能力,进而提高反刍动物生产性能。综述提出了表面活性剂在反刍动物瘤胃营养调控领域的研究重点。     

Lung surfactant function and composition in neonatal foals and adult horses

BACKGROUND: Lung surfactant function and composition are varied and adapted to the specific respiratory physiology of all mammalian species. HYPOTHESIS: Lung surfactant function and composition are different in neonatal foals as compared to adult horses. ANIMALS: Six adult horses, 7 term foals (<24 hours old), and 4 premature foals were used. Animals were part of the Auburn University teaching herd except for 3 client-owned premature foals. METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from all animals. Ultracentrifugation of cell-free BALF separated surfactant into crude surfactant pellets (CSP) and supernatant. Both fractions were analyzed for phospholipid and protein content with the Bartlett and bicinchoninic acid method, respectively. Phospholipid composition of the CSP was determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography with an evaporative light scatter detector. Surface tension of the CSP was measured with a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Results from term foals (<24 hours old) were compared statistically to those from adult horses. Values of P < .05 were considered significant. RESULTS: BALF phospholipid content was similar between adult horses and term foals, but BALF protein content was significantly decreased in term foals. Phosphatidylglycerol was significantly decreased, phosphatidylinositol was significantly increased, and the minimum surface tension was significantly increased in the CSP from term foals compared to adult horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Surface tension and phospholipid composition of surfactant in neonatal foals are significantly different compared to adult horses. These changes may influence biophysical and immunologic functions of surfactant.