暗黑链霉菌PY-1抑菌活性产物的结构鉴定及其对葡萄霜霉病菌的抑制作用

 从暗黑链霉菌(Streptomyces atratus)PY-1菌株发酵液中分离鉴定抑菌活性产物,评价其对葡萄霜霉病菌(Plasmopara viticola)的抑制作用,为该菌株及其产生的抑菌活性物质的应用提供依据。PY-1菌株发酵液经二氯甲烷萃取,减压浓缩获得抑菌粗提物,稳定性测定结果显示,避光条件下,15℃~65℃、pH 6~10、4℃或常温保存6个月,抑菌活性稳定。采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-2柱层析、薄层层析和HPLC等技术,对抑菌粗提物进一步分离纯化,得到2种抑菌活性组分;采用ESI-MS、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR等波谱分析技术,对活性组分进行结构鉴定,2种活性组分分别鉴定为5-乙酸环已基酰亚胺(5-acetoxycycloheximide)和环己酰亚胺(cycloheximide)。采用离体叶片法测定2种组分的抑菌活性,不同浓度(10⁴ ng·mL^-1、10² ng·mL^-1、1 ng·mL^-1)的5-乙酸环已基酰亚胺和环己酰亚胺对葡萄霜霉病菌的抑制作用分别为92.59%、86.30%、64.81%和97.04%、91.85%、84.07%。     

链霉菌和壳聚糖对淮山土壤微生物活性与群落的影响

为探究链霉菌30702和壳聚糖对淮山土壤微生物活性与群落的影响,采用比色法和滴定法观测土壤酶活性的变化,采用高通量测序技术和Trimmomatic等软件,分析土壤微生物群落中细菌和真菌的发展变化。结果表明,链霉菌、壳聚糖、土壤原始微生物和培养时间等4个因素对淮山土壤的脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有显著影响,壳聚糖浓度在0~10.0 g/kg内,土壤酶活性随壳聚糖浓度的增大而提高;随时间的延长,先升再降;壳聚糖与链霉菌之间存在交互效应。链霉菌和壳聚糖能增加淮山土壤细菌的物种丰度,减少细菌的多样性,增加艾德昂菌属（Ideonella）和纤维弧菌（Cellvibrio）等有益菌属的相对丰度,而对真菌的物种丰度和多样性的影响较小,与对照之间的差异不显著,土壤优势菌属为腐质霉属（Humicola）、枝孢属（Cladosporium）、鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）和uncultured_bacterium_ c_Subgroup_6。其中,链霉菌与2.5 g/kg壳聚糖复合处理的细菌物种丰度最大,细菌多样性最少。     

链霉菌3-10发酵液及提取物的稳定性研究

为合理利用链霉菌3-10的代谢产物,本研究采用不同极性的有机溶剂提取链霉菌3-10发酵液中的抗真菌物质并得到发酵液的提取物.在此基础上测定了温度、紫外线辐射、酸碱度和贮存条件对3-10抗真菌物质稳定性的影响.结果表明,乙酸乙酯为最佳提取溶剂,链霉菌3-10发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物对灰霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,提取后余...     

重离子辐照阿维菌素产生菌的诱变选育

应用不同剂量12C+6重离子束对出发菌株ZJAV-A1进行辐照选育,并应用高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中有效组分B1a的含量.结果表明:当重离子束12C+6离子的辐照剂量为50Gy时,B1a含量的延变率最高,为34.2%;诱变后的菌落共培养出4种菌型,即草帽型、馒头型、光秃型和皱缩型,其中,草帽型高产菌株ZJAV-Y203的发酵液中B1a组分比出发菌株提高了51.43%.说明利用12C+6重离子束辐照处理阿维菌素产生菌,可以得到高产B1a组分的诱变菌株,其诱变效果显著.     

Quantification of potato common scab pathogens in soil by quantitative competitive PCR with fluorescent quenching‐based probes

Common scab of potato tubers caused by pathogenic Streptomyces spp. is a cause of serious economic loss worldwide. For the rapid and accurate quantification of pathogenic Streptomyces spp. residing in soil, a new competitive real‐time PCR method using fluorescent quenching‐based probes (quantitative competitive quenching probe PCR: QCQP‐PCR) was developed. The virulence gene of pathogenic Streptomyces spp., nec1, was selected as the target for QCQP‐PCR. A specific primer set to amplify the nec1 gene, and a fluorescently labelled probe that specifically hybridizes with the nec1 amplicon were designed. For QCQP‐PCR, an internal standard DNA (IS DNA) that is identical to the nec1 amplicon but has a 4‐base mismatch in the probe‐hybridizing region, and a fluorescently labelled probe IS, which specifically hybridizes with IS DNA at the mutagenized region, were PCR‐synthesized. The target nec1 gene was co‐amplified with the known copy number of IS DNA by PCR using the same primer set in the presence of the specific probes. The PCR products were monitored in real‐time by measuring the fluorescence intensity (quenching) of each probe. The initial amount of the nec1 gene was quantified based on the ratio of the PCR products of the same PCR cycle. The results revealed that QCQP‐PCR could be used to precisely quantify the nec1 gene, even in the presence of PCR inhibitors in the soil samples examined. The lower limit of quantification was 20 copies per tube, which corresponded to 1500 copies per g dry soil. The quantification achieved by this method was completed within 5 h, i.e. the duration of the entire analysis. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the present method for monitoring pathogenic Streptomyces species in soil.     

元宝草悬浮细胞培养及其生长特性研究

研究了元宝草悬浮细胞生长及其金丝桃素类物质(金丝桃素和假金丝桃素)的代谢规律。悬浮培养细胞的生长周期为18 d,其中4~10 d是对数期。金丝桃素类物质在10 d达到46.06μg/g(DW),其含量增加与细胞鲜质量增长相偶联。可溶性糖的消耗与细胞的生长以及金丝桃素类物质的代谢有着密切的关系,是影响细胞鲜质量和金丝桃素类物质增长的重要因素。     

雷帕霉素产生菌吸水链霉菌NRRL5491接合转移系统的建立

对标准的链霉菌接合转移方法进行优化建立起适用于吸水链霉菌NRRL5491的接合转移系统。40℃温浴20 min为孢子的最佳热激处理条件;整合型质粒pSET152的接合转移效率是穿梭型质粒pOJ446的3~6倍;当阿泊拉霉素覆盖浓度为1μg/mL时,pSET152的接合转移效率是50μg/mL时的4.6倍,而pOJ446接合转移效率相应提高了2.4倍;MS培养基上接合转移效率是SY琼脂培养基上的3.4倍。采用最适优化条件时,接合转移频率可达到2×10-6,足够用于基因置换等遗传操作。     

Soil actinomycetes as potential biofungicides

The biological control of fungal diseases in plants is considered an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative or supplement to fungicides. Soil antagonistic streptomycetes are particularly suitable for the biological control; they proved to be highly efficient in reducing the incidence of fungal pathogens. Streptomycetes isolated from the podzolic soils were evaluated for the biosuppression of fungal populations. Seventeen strains of streptomycetes (out of the total 279 isolates) were found to be strongly antagonistic to fungal pathogens in vitro and were selected for further experiments in situ. The full protection of plants against Fusarium spp. was obtained with the Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain K49.     

南昌链霉菌发酵条件的研究

通过单因子及正交实验对南昌链霉菌“116-5.8-64”菌株的发酵条件进行研究。结果表明,比较理想的发酵条件为起始pH8.0,培养温度30℃,装液量30 mL/250 mL锥形瓶,培养时间为8 d。在此条件下,南昌链霉菌“116-5.8-64”的产素单位比原始发酵条件下提高了25.32%。     

链霉菌702发酵液对提高水稻种子耐贮藏性的研究

用不同药剂和链霉菌702发酵液处理水稻种子,贮藏4个月后测定种子带菌情况和发芽率。研究发现,链霉菌702发酵液能显著降低水稻种子贮藏中带菌率;与对照相比,不同药剂及链霉菌702发酵液处理对贮藏后种子的发芽率影响无显著差异。