苜蓿种质材料对亚麻刺盘孢的室内抗性评价

通过盆栽试验,以孢子悬浮液(浓度1×10-6个·mL-1)喷雾接种14d后统计病情指数,测定株高、生物量、相对质膜透性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和木质素含量,对50份苜蓿(Medicago)种质材料进行苗期抗亚麻刺盘孢的抗性评价,探索室内抗病评价方法,旨在为病害防治和抗病育种提供参考。抗病性等级评价结果表明:对亚麻刺盘孢表现为高抗的材料有:兰热来恩德、干地、呼伦贝尔、吐鲁番、霍纳伊、阿尔贡奎因、龙牧801、杜普梯和西奎尔;表现为高感的有:新疆大叶、法国(M 47)、榆次、南特、沧州和普罗莫。其他指标综合评价结果表明:抗亚麻刺盘孢较强的种质材料有:兰热来恩德、霍纳伊、阿尔贡奎因、龙牧801、敖汉、吐鲁番和西奎尔;抗亚麻刺盘孢较弱的种质有:法国(M 47)、润布勒、武功、草原三号、陇东、新疆大叶、陇中、普罗莫、沧州和榆次苜蓿。综上所述,确定苜蓿苗期抗亚麻刺盘孢较强的种质材料有:兰热来恩德、霍纳伊、阿尔贡奎因、龙牧801、吐鲁番和西奎尔;抗亚麻刺盘孢较弱的种质材料有:榆次、沧州、普罗莫、新疆大叶和法国(M 47)苜蓿。     

畜禽抗性分子育种研究进展

近年分子遗传的理论和技术进展迅速，为动物抗性育种的研究开拓了新的空间。本文就抗性遗传概念，抗性基因的来源、标记、选择、表达及转基因动物在抗性育种的应用前景做一简介。     

The antimicrobial activity of honey against common equine wound bacterial isolates

Delayed healing associated with distal limb wounds is a particular problem in equine clinical practice. Recent studies in human beings and other species have demonstrated the beneficial wound healing properties of honey, and medical grade honey dressings are available commercially in equine practice. Equine clinicians are reported to source other non-medical grade honeys for the same purpose. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of a number of honey types against common equine wound bacterial pathogens. Twenty-nine honey products were sourced, including gamma-irradiated and non-irradiated commercial medical grade honeys, supermarket honeys, and honeys from local beekeepers. To exclude contaminated honeys from the project, all honeys were cultured aerobically for evidence of bacterial contamination. Aerobic bacteria or fungi were recovered from 18 products. The antimicrobial activity of the remaining 11 products was assessed against 10 wound bacteria, recovered from the wounds of horses, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eight products were effective against all 10 bacterial isolates at concentrations varying from <2% to 16% (v/v). Overall, the Scottish Heather Honey was the best performing product, and inhibited the growth of all 10 bacterial isolates at concentrations ranging from <2% to 6% (v/v).Although Manuka has been the most studied honey to date, other sources may have valuable antimicrobial properties. Since some honeys were found to be contaminated with aerobic bacteria or fungi, non-sterile honeys may not be suitable for wound treatment. Further assessment of gamma-irradiated honeys from the best performing honeys would be useful.     

家蚕对浓核病毒中国(镇江)株抵抗性机制的初步研究

通过生物测定和地高辛(DIG)标记的酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA),初步分析了家蚕对浓核病毒中国(镇江)株(Bombyxmori densovirus,BmDNV-z)的抵抗性机制。试验表明:供试家蚕品种的消化液、血液中均不存在对BmDNV-z侵染性有影响的蛋白因子;抵抗性家蚕品种的中肠组织蛋白中不存在BmDNV-z的病毒受体蛋白,而感受性家蚕品种的中肠组织蛋白中可能存在对BmDNV-z侵染性有影响的蛋白因子,即感受性家蚕品种的中肠组织中可能存在BmDNV-z的病毒受体蛋白因子,且BmDNV-z与感受性家蚕品种中肠组织蛋白的结合具有组织特异性。     

Harpin蛋白的研究进展

由植物革兰氏阴性病原菌编码产生的harpin蛋白是激发植物过敏反应的主要因子，具有显著的诱导植物抗性和促进生长发育等多种生物学效应，同时也是研究植物抗病信号传导的理想模型。基于对harpin蛋白的深入研究，国外已开发出新型、高效、安全的生物农药。本文综述了近年来harpin蛋白的研究进展。     

苇状羊茅种子生产技术研究进展

苇状羊茅是一种抗逆性较强的牧草,具有广泛的适应性和较高的经济价值及饲用价值,已在我国南方亚热带地区广泛应用,从苇状羊茅的生物学特性、苇状羊茅牧草种子需求现状、苇状羊茅牧草种子生产技术现状、研究进展等方面进行综述,以期为苇状羊茅牧草种子生产技术的进一步研究和利用提供参考。     

桂林抗战文化与中国现代文学

抗战时期,桂林的抗战文化运动蓬勃发展,被誉为“文化城”。荟萃桂林的现代作家在中国共产党领导和文协桂林分会的推动下,众志成城,使得桂林的抗战文学创作空前繁荣,创作了一大批思想和艺术较高、影响较大的优秀文学作品,大大地丰富了我国现代文学宝库,在中国新文学史上写下了光辉的一页。     

Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to ivermectin (200, 500 and 630 μg/kg) in field studies in Brazil

The present study aimed to determine the susceptibility of 17 Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations, originating in the Southeast and Southern regions of Brazil, to different ivermectin concentrations (200, 500 and 630 μg/kg), administered through subcutaneous or topical (pour-on) routes. R. (B.) microplus populations from the states of Minas Gerais (seven populations), São Paulo (seven populations) and Paraná (three populations) were chosen for the tests. The selected cattle were allocated to treatment groups on day 0, and block formation was based on the arithmetic mean of female ticks (4.5–8.0 mm long) counted on three consecutive days (−3, −2 and −1). To evaluate the therapeutic and residual efficacies of these formulations, tick counts (females ranging from 4.5 to 8.0 mm long) were performed on days 3, 7 and 14 post-treatment, and continued on a weekly basis thereafter until the end of each experiment. The results obtained throughout this study, utilizing field efficacy studies, allowed us to conclude that the resistance of R. (B.) microplus against 200 and 500 μg/kg ivermectin is widely disseminated because all tick populations that had contact with these specific concentrations were diagnosed as resistant. However, it is possible to infer that R. (B.) microplus resistance against 630 μg/kg ivermectin was also widespread, diagnosed at six of ten analyzed properties. Resistance of these ectoparasites to 630 μg/kg ivermectin is most likely emerging in three other populations of R. (B.) microplus. Strategies of resistance management need to be quickly determined to keep the selection pressure at a minimum level in Brazil.     

黄帚橐吾叶片气孔特征及对高寒环境的响应

为探讨黄帚橐吾（Ligularia virgaurea）对高寒环境的适应机制,对青藏高原的优势物种黄帚橐吾的叶表皮气孔特征进行观察,分析其对气候生态因子的响应。结果表明：黄帚橐吾叶片上、下表皮均分布有气孔,气孔分布无规律,随机散生排列,气孔器为无规则型,气孔密度与气孔指数相对较高。地理分异变量对黄帚橐吾叶表皮气孔长度的效应极其显著（P<0.01）。8个温度因子对黄帚橐吾叶片上、下表皮气孔长度效应极其显著（P<0.01）,ABT（年生物温度）、MTWM（最热月温）、MTGS（生长季温度）与WI（温暖指数）对上表皮气孔指数效应显著（0.01 < P < 0.05）;水分因子会影响黄帚橐吾叶片上表皮的气孔密度与气孔指数,而对下表皮气孔密度、气孔指数以及上、下表皮气孔长度无影响。黄帚橐吾叶表皮气孔特征在形态、数量及与环境关系的这些特点,反映了其对高寒极端环境的适应。     

藜麦种质资源对霜霉病的抗性鉴定与评价

为探究藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa)种质资源在本土环境条件下对霜霉病的抗性,采用田间自然感病和室内离体叶片接菌鉴定方法对50份国内外藜麦种质资源进行了霜霉病抗性鉴定和评价。结果表明：霜霉菌Preonos variabilis对藜麦的侵染程度存在较大变异(发病率变化13.30%～100.00%;病情指数1.00～100.00),藜麦种质对霜霉病的抗性存在明显差异;筛选到1份高抗材料‘台湾红藜’,占参试材料的2.00%1份抗病材料‘QA064’,占比2.00%,2份中抗材料‘陇藜2号’和‘HL-Q5’,占比4.00%,3份感病材料‘QA045’‘QA050-2’和‘青海-02’,占比6.00%;其余43份材料均表现高感,占比86.00%。本研究首次发现‘台湾红藜’能够被P.variabilis侵染,表现为高抗,还进一步证实田间藜麦霜霉病抗性鉴定采用“三叶法”在藜麦盛花期进行效果较好,相比而言,室内离体叶片接菌鉴定技术更具优势,应作为抗性鉴定的首选。