陆地棉胞质雄性不育系与保持系线粒体基因组RFLP分析

【目的】研究棉花细胞质雄性不育（CMS）系与保持系线粒体基因组的差异,为克隆棉花CMS基因奠定基础。【方法】以atpA, atp6, atp9, ccmB, ccmC, ccmFN1, cob, coxI, coxII, coxIII, matR, nad1bc, nad2, nad4, nad5, nad6, nad7c, nad9, rpl5, rrn18等20个线粒体基因保守序列为探针,利用Southern blot方法对棉花细胞质雄性不育系、保持系线粒体基因组进行RFLP分析。【结果】发现atpA、atp9、ccmB、nad1bc、nad6、nad7c、rrn18等基因在棉花不育系和保持系间存在明显RFLP多态性,其中atpA的差异最明显。【结论】atpA是棉花CMS系和保持系线粒体基因组间的一个明显差异位点。CMS系比保持系缺失一个rrn18拷贝。     

陆地棉棉叶蝉数量气象预报模型研究

为了有效地防治棉叶蝉,促进华南棉花发展,研究了10个陆地棉品种田间棉叶蝉数与温度、降水的关系,建立了11个陆地棉棉叶蝉数量气象条件预报模型,其中3个分别可以较准确地预报抗虫棉95-1、石家庄428 2个品种和10品种平均单株棉叶蝉数。品种间棉叶蝉发生轻重对温度、降水的反应不同,为了提高预报精确度,每个品种应各建立一个棉叶蝉预报模型。     

Agronomic traits at the seedling stage,yield, and fiber quality in two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars in response to phosphorus deficiency

ABSTRACT

Cotton is critical for phosphorus demands and very sensitive for its deficiency. However, identifying the effect of low-phosphorus tolerance on cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality by reducing phosphorus consumption. This may help to develop phosphorus-tolerant high-yielding cotton cultivars. In a two-year repeated (2015 and 2016) hydroponic experiment (using 0.01 and 1 mM KH₂PO₄), two cotton cultivars with phosphorus sensitivity (Lu 54; a low-phosphorus sensitive and Yuzaomian 9110; a low-phosphorus tolerant) were screened on the base of agronomic traits and physiological indices through correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis from 16 cotton cultivars. Low phosphorus nutrition reduced the plant height, leaf number, leaf area, phosphorus accumulation and biomass in various organs of seedlings. The deficiency negatively affected the morphogenesis of seedlings, as well as yield and fiber quality. Further, these screened cultivars were tested in a pot experiment with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 during 2016 and 2017. It was found to have a significant (P< 0.05) difference in boll number, lint yield, fiber strength, and micronaire at the harvest. Furthermore, after collectively analyzed the characteristics of Lu 54 and Yuzaomian 9110, there were six key indices that could improve the low phosphorus tolerance of cotton cultivars. These were root phosphorus accumulation, stem phosphorus accumulation percentage, leaf and total biomass of seedlings, seed cotton weight per boll and fiber length.     

珂字201胚性愈伤组织cDNA文库的构建和分析

用经过改进的胍盐法提取了陆地棉品种珂字201胚性愈伤组织的总RNA,进而分离了mR-NA,合成了全长cDNA,并将其克隆到λTriplEx载体中,进行体外包装后,成功地获得了cDNA文库.该文库的滴度为2.02×107pfu·ml-1,重组效率在90%以上,插入片段大小范围也符合cDNA文库构建的要求.     

抗虫杂交棉棉铃性状与单铃重的关系分析

研究不同铃重类型抗虫杂交棉棉铃性状的差异及与铃重的相关性。以3个高品质陆地棉品种(系)和6个转基因抗虫棉品种(系)为亲本,配制36个正反交组合。以单铃重为聚类指标,采用最小离差平方和法和欧氏平方距离将36个杂交组合分为大、中、小铃3种类型。对3种类型的单铃重和11个棉铃性状进行了方差分析和相关分析。结果表明:单铃重、铃壳重、单铃皮棉重、单铃种子重、单铃种子数、单粒种子重、铃横径和铃纵径表现出显著或极显著差异,单粒种子纤维重、单铃不孕子数、不孕子率和铃壳率差异不显著;简单相关分析和偏相关分析表明多数棉铃性状与单铃重的相关性在不同铃重类型间表现基本相同。单铃种子重对单铃重的贡献最大,依次是单铃皮棉重、单铃种子数。铃壳率、单粒种子重、单粒种子纤维重、铃纵径与单铃重的简单相关和偏相关均未达到显著水平;大中铃重类型的铃重与铃壳重的简单相关系数达到显著水平。该研究结果对于通过棉铃性状的调控提高单铃重具有一定的指导意义。     

陆地棉×亚洲棉胚胎在培养条件下的发育研究

离体培养陆地棉与亚洲棉杂种胚珠,并以陆地棉自交为对照。观察结果表明,杂种胚胎表现出明显的生长优势,能顺利地通过胚胎发育的各个时期而达成熟胚。其原因是,胚乳游离核迅速解体,珠心组织也随之解体,而不形成胚乳细胞并使胚囊腔迅速扩展,使杂种胚有足够的营养源,并提供了足够的生长空间。自交胚胎的生育速度远不及杂种胚,发育受抑,尤其是球形胚到心形胚的时期较长。     

一种提高陆地棉再生植株率的新方法

以陆地棉中棉１９号再生植株的真叶、茎段、叶柄为外植体，采用改良ＭＳ培养基，添加２．４Ｄ、ＩＡＡ和ＫＴ。培养结果表明：胚性愈伤组织发生多，并高频产生子叶胚，再生植株率为２５％。无菌苗除下胚轴外的各器官均未能诱导出胚性愈伤组织。２．４Ｄ加速再生植株叶片快速出愈，以ＩＡＡ替代２．４Ｄ明显提高出愈率和愈伤组织的质量。再生植株真叶再培养的胚状体发生有直接发生和间接发生两种途径。用再生植株的真叶再培养是获得高频再生植株的一种有效方法。