应用斯氏线虫防治梨象鼻虫的研究

本文报道芜菁夜蛾线虫对梨象鼻虫幼虫具有很高的侵染力,采用沙埋法滴入线虫,3天后幼虫全部死亡,并在其尸体内大量繁殖,平均每虫尸可繁殖侵染期线虫1.6万条,试验证明这些线虫能继续侵染梨象鼻虫幼虫。花盆试验,每平方米喷洒60和120万条线虫,4周后害虫致死率达87～92％;田间试验,每平方米喷洒60和80万条线虫,杀虫效果可达80.3～82.9％。     

大面积应用斯氏线虫防治桃小食心虫的研究

文章报道了在山东省大面积应用斯氏线虫(Steinernema carpocapsae)的Agriotes品系防治桃小食心虫(以下简称桃小)的试验。结果表明,线虫在果园土壤中能存活25天左右,但线虫的存活回收数量及对大蜡螟幼虫的致死率随时间的延长均呈负指数趋势下降。应用线虫防治桃小的果园总面积为167.3ha,在施用线虫后25天的累计卵果率均在1％以下,说明线虫能大面积有效地控制桃小的为害。     

低温诱导培养对夜蛾斯氏线虫A54品系适低温特性的影响

用低温诱导培养的方法对夜蛾斯氏线虫Ａ５４的适低温特性进行了选育。结果表明,Ａ５４品系依序经过２５、２０、１５、１０℃４个温度梯度,每个温度连续培养３个侵染循环后,在１０℃下的侵染力有显著提高,对大蜡螟幼虫的致死速度加快,侵染周期缩短。与在２５℃下培养相比,侵入率提高了１０１９％,ＬＴ５０和侵染周期分别缩短了７４８ｈ和５ｄ。但返回在２５℃下培养２个侵染循环后,其适低温特性均有不同程度的丢失,侵入率比在１０℃培养下降低了２８３％,ＬＴ５０和侵染周期延长了３５ｈ和１４８ｄ。     

夜蛾斯氏线虫对菜青虫几种保护酶活力的影响

为探索昆虫病原线虫对菜青虫保护酶活力的影响,分别用10、50、100头夜蛾斯氏线虫（Steinernema feltiae）侵染4龄菜青虫（Pieris rapae）,对侵染后菜青虫体内超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力变化进行了研究。结果表明,接入线虫后,菜青虫的SOD活力显著上升。16 h时各处理的SOD活力均达到最大值,10、50、100头线虫处理的菜青虫SOD活力分别为44.266 7、49.866 7、68.033 3 U/g,均显著高于对照的35.033 3 U/g（p<0.01或p<0.05）,3种线虫剂量处理之间也存在显著差异（p<0.01或p<0.05）。POD的活性在接虫后8 h各处理均显著高于对照（p<0.05）,酶活性随侵染线虫数量的增加而增大,到24 h以后酶的活性开始显著下降,线虫剂量越大下降越快。CAT活力在处理后均显著上升,16~32 h各处理均维持在较高的水平,32 h以后开始显著下降。这反映出菜青虫在昆虫病原线虫侵染初期防御能力增强,16~32 h以后防御能力显著下降。     

Steinernema feltiae和Heterorhabditis megidis侵染前行为对其侵染力的影响

以末龄大腊螟幼虫为测试对象 ,采用Miller的一对一方法 ,研究了Steinernemafeltiae和Heterorhabditismegidis的Nictating行为、寄主刺激及活动能力对其侵染力的影响。实验证明 ,H megidis在泥炭基质上表现Nictation行为 ,但S feltiae不表现典型的Nictating行为 ,仅身体的一部分左右摇摆。H megidis表现Nictation行为或受昆虫寄主刺激线虫个体的侵染力显著高于无Nictation行为或未受昆虫寄主刺激线虫个体的侵染力 ,线虫的活动能力越强其侵染力越强 ;S feltiae线虫侵染前的身体摇摆行为和昆虫寄主的刺激对线虫的侵染力无显著影响 ;活动能力较强或活动能力较弱的线虫个体 ,侵染力要高于活动能力居中的线虫个体。     

甘肃省昆虫病原线虫区系研究

为查明甘肃省昆虫病原线虫的种类及区系分布,通过大蜡螟诱捕法对甘肃省昆虫病原线虫资源进行了调查,分离得到昆虫病原线虫种群51个,分属于8个种：斯氏线虫属（Steinernema）5种,异小杆线虫属（Heterorhabditis）3种。其中斯氏属3个种A,B,C和异小杆1个种D属于国内新记录种。调查表明：甘肃省昆虫病原线虫的优势种为Steinernema feltiae,昆虫病原线虫的分布与土壤类型及植被类型关系密切,沙壤土和壤土中线虫检出率分别为12.2%和8.8%,较粘土5.3%的检出率高,且在果园、菜地和大田中的线虫检出率分别为10.4%,9.2%和5.2%,较未耕地3.3%的检出率高,说明沙壤土和壤土适于昆虫病原线虫的种群建立,且在有农事活动的地块中昆虫病原线虫分布较多。     

Prospects for the use of biological control agents against Anoplophora in Europe

This review summarises the literature on the biological control of Anoplophora spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and discusses its potential for use in Europe. Entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria brongniartii Petch (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) has already been developed into a commercial product in Japan, and fungal infection results in high mortality rates. Parasitic nematodes: Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser have potential for use as biopesticides as an alternative to chemical treatments. Parasitoids: a parasitoid of Anoplophora chinensis Forster, Aprostocetus anoplophorae Delvare (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), was discovered in Italy in 2002 and has been shown to be capable of parasitising up to 72% of A. chinensis eggs; some native European parasitoid species (e.g. Spathius erythrocephalus) also have potential to be used as biological control agents. Predators: two woodpecker (Piciformis: Picidae) species that are native to Europe, Dendrocopos major Beicki and Picus canus Gmelin, have been shown to be effective at controlling Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky in Chinese forests. The removal and destruction of infested and potentially infested trees is the main eradication strategy for Anoplophora spp. in Europe, but biological control agents could be used in the future to complement other management strategies, especially in locations where eradication is no longer possible. © 2014 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) with registered insecticides for Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered the main key pest of corn crops in Brazil. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) may be used to control this pest, applied together with other different entomopathogen agents or phytosanity products in the spraying mixture. Thus, the objective of work was to evaluate the compatibility of EPNs with different insecticides used of S. frugiperda control in laboratory conditions. Three species of EPNs (Heterorhabditis indica, Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema glaseri) and 18 insecticides registered to control of S. frugiperda in corn crops were tested. Compatibility of the insecticides with EPNs was evaluated by observing mortality and infectivity of infecting juveniles (IJs) 48 h after immersion in solution of the insecticide formulations. Among all insecticides tested, Lorsban™ (chlorpyrifos), Decis™ (deltamethrin), Match™ (lufenuron), Deltaphos™ (deltramethrin + triazophos), Dimilin™ (diflubenzuron), Stallion™ (gamacyhalothrin), Karate Zeon™ (lambdacyhalothrin) Tracer™ (spinosad), Vexter™ (chlorpyrifos), Galgotrin™ (cypermethrin), Certero™ (triflumuron), and Talcord™ (permethrin) were compatible (class 1) with the three nematode species tested under laboratory conditions.     

不同介质对海滨斯氏线虫抗紫外胁迫的影响

为了筛选合适的介质以提高昆虫病原线虫抵抗紫外胁迫的能力,本文研究了储存于木质素磺酸钙、预胶化淀粉、蛭石、黑炭和无菌蒸馏水(CK)中的海滨斯氏线虫Steinernema litorale在距18 W紫外灯30 cm处照射30、60、90 min和120 min的存活率、对大蜡螟Galleria mellonella末龄幼...