Variation and phylogeny of the triploid cultivated potatoSolanum chaucha Juz. et Buk. based on RAPD and isozyme markers

Ninety four accessions of the cultivated triploid potatoS. chaucha were analyzed and classified in genotypic groups using 9 isozyme loci and RAPD markers disclosed by 20 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Eight isozyme loci out of nine were polymorphic. A total of 22 allozymes were analyzed but none of them were specific for any genotypic group. About half (52%) of the 102 RAPD markers scored, were polymorphic, all of them showing polymorphism among groups and rarely within groups. Eighteen RAPD markers were specific for certain genotypes. The isozyme markers showed a certain amount of intra group variation which made classification less reliable than with RAPD markers. A total of 10 triploid genetic groups were discriminated using both techniques together. A single primer was found to be sufficient to distinguish all 10 groups. All varieties of a single group are considered to have been derived from the same cross and then clonally propagated, even though there is a high amount of morphological variation within a single genotypic group due probably to somatic mutations. RAPD markers have been shown to be more reliable in the classification of triploid potato varieties than other genetic markers like isozymes, proteins and morphological traits.     

茄子嫁接与多年生栽培技术

茄子采用嫁接方式栽培,生产出的茄子品质优、商品性好、采收期长、抗病力强、可连作重茬,栽培效益好。栽培技术:选择对茄子土传性病害具有高抗或免疫能力的砧木品种,根据不同季节确定不同的播差期,当砧木长出6~8片真叶、接穗长出5~7片真叶时采用劈接法嫁接,在四门斗茄采收后进行第一次修剪,至翌年元月下旬进行第二次修剪,栽培期间加强管理,及时摘除下部老叶、黄叶,结果盛期每摘一次瓜追施肥水一次,栽培一次可采收2~3年。     

刈割对龙葵生长和富集镉的影响及其机理

通过盆栽实验,研究了25mg·kg-1镉胁迫下刈割对超富集植物龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)再生长能力和富集镉效果的影响。结果表明留茬30cm轻度刈割,新芽再生速度较快,留茬15cm深度刈割处理的再生速度则相对较慢,二者差异显著,但相对于对照来说刈割处理都能显著提高龙葵的生物量和生长速率。通过对不同时期龙葵体内的镉积累量的比较,发现刈割能有效提高龙葵富集镉的能力。刈割是提高龙葵对镉污染土壤修复效率的一种策略。     

马铃薯离体块茎发育过程中的关键因子及其与蛋白质组分的关系

 利用多元相关、通径分析及线性回归分析等手段 ,针对马铃薯离体块茎发育过程中各影响因子对块茎发育的贡献程度进行分析。结果表明 :平均薯重、质体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性、质体 Ca2 + - ATP酶活性、线粒体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性、总可溶性蛋白含量、块茎平均直径、Q酶活性等是影响块茎产量的重要因素 ,其中平均薯重、质体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性、质体 Ca2 + - ATP酶活性、线粒体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性等是影响离体块茎发育的关键因子。所得线性回归方程为 :Y=0 .5 2 11+0 .0 5 95 X(1) +0 .8389X(2 ) +0 .0 882 X(3) - 0 .0 0 73X(4) +0 .144 9X(5 ) +0 .35 10 X(6 ) +0 .0 0 31X(7) -0 .0 0 0 0 3X(8) +0 .34 12 X(9) +0 .0 12 7X(10 ) +0 .2 90 4X(11) +0 .0 5 70 X(12 ) +0 .0 15 9X(13) +0 . 35 85 X(14) +0 .0 134 X(15 ) - 0 .10 12 X(16 )。在此基础上 ,对于影响离体块茎发育的各关键因子与块茎蛋白质组分的关系进行分析 ,找到了一些可能与发育中这些重要性状相关的蛋白质组分。即总可溶性蛋白组分中 A4、B1、B8、C8,质体蛋白组分中A4及线粒体蛋白组分中的 A4与 B2等 ,对于马铃薯离体块茎晚期发育具有重要作用。     

H2O2对陈化马铃薯切片抗氰呼吸的诱导作用研究

研究了H₂O₂对陈化马铃薯切片抗氰呼吸的诱导作用.用切片和纯化线粒体进行测定的结果均表明外源H₂O₂(5.0 mmol/L)处理对陈化马铃薯切片的总呼吸只有微弱的影响,但却可以明显诱导切片的抗氰呼吸,并显著提高抗氰呼吸对总呼吸的贡献.应用交替氧化酶的单克隆抗体进行Western杂交的结果表明,H₂O₂处理可以增强陈化马铃薯切片中交替氧化酶的表达,表明H₂O₂对抗氰呼吸的诱导作用与其时交替氧化酶表达的诱导有关.抗氰呼吸可能参与了H₂O₂调控植物抗病防御反应的作用机制.     

马铃薯植株7个主要性状的配合力分析

研究了mira等10个马铃薯品种的22个杂交组合无性一代的植株生长势等7个植株性状的群体遗传和配合力效应。结果表明,晚疫病的亲本加性效应达90.6%;开花性、茎色分离、株高分离、株形分离等4个植株性状的亲本非加性效应分别为72.3%,80.1%,81.5%,93.0%;植株生长势和花色分离的亲本加性和非加性效应均很重要,其加性效应分别为45.2%,47.9%,非加性效应分别为54.8%,52.1%。双亲(至少有1个)一般配合力高的杂交组合的群体表现,优于双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合;而双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合的群体表现,优于双亲一般配合力都很低的杂交组合。根据亲本配合力可以有效预测杂交组合后代群体的遗传表现。     

DA-6强化龙葵修复高镉污染土壤的作用

 【目的】研究二烷氨基乙醇羧酸酯（DA-6）对高镉污染土壤中龙葵生物量和镉提取量的影响,探讨DA-6提高龙葵修复镉污染效率的适宜浓度。【方法】采用盆栽试验方法,研究不同浓度的DA-6浸种和叶面喷施对龙葵生长和镉富集的影响。【结果】5、10、20、40 mg•L-1的DA-6浸种和叶面喷施使龙葵成熟期地上部分干重增加了8.69%—27.54%（P＜0.05）,镉浓度提高了2.62%—6.75%,总镉提取量增加了10.12%—36.31%（P＜0.05）;DA-6处理降低了苗期和成熟期龙葵叶片中的丙二醛含量,增强了苗期叶片中过氧化物酶活性,降低了成熟期叶片中过氧化物酶活性。在苗期、花期和成熟期,DA-6处理的叶绿素值（SPAD）都有增加趋势。【结论】5、10、20和40 mg•L-1的DA-6通过浸种和叶面喷施能提高龙葵对镉修复的效率,尤以20 mg•L-1的作用最为显著。     

茄子甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶（SmMsrA）基因cDNA全长的克隆和分析

 以茄子单性结实品系D-10花后7 d的单性结实果实为试材,并以在茄子单性结实抑制差减文库中差异表达的EST片段Z569为基础,利用RACE技术,获得一个934 bp的cDNA全长序列,为甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶A基因,命名为SmMsrA。基因编码区共600 bp,编码199个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析显示该基因编码的蛋白具有甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶基因家族结构域和保守基本序列GCFWG,与杨树甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶A（MsrA）蛋白三级结构相似性较高,为67%。蛋白多序列比对和进化树分析表明,SmMsrA与番茄MsrA蛋白的同源性最高（92%）,进化距离最近。采用荧光定量PCR对单性结实品系D-10和非单性结实品系03-2中不同结实性果实发育过程中SmMsrA的表达量进行测定,结果表明：在不同结实性的子房和果实发育过程中SmMsrA基因都有表达,单性结实品系在低温条件下开花当天子房中的SmMsrA的表达量最高。     

Starch granule size variation and relationship with tuber dry matter content in heritage potato varieties

Heritage potato varieties in Canada are historic old varieties collected from Canada and various countries before the formal establishment of the Canadian plant variety registration system and may be a valuable gene resource for beneficial traits in potato breeding and bioproducts development. Greater evaluation is the key for the enhanced use of these materials. It is unknown how much variation of starch granules occurs among Canadian heritage potato varieties. We analyzed the starch granule size of 14 potato heritage varieties held in the Canadian Plant Gene Resources collection over 2 years using a squeezed juice and microscopic method recently developed at the Potato Research Centre. The varieties demonstrated considerable variation in starch granule size and shape. The granules showed average lengths ranging from 18 μm in the variety Congo to 32 μm in ‘Russet Burbank’. The largest single granule measured from 64 μm in ‘Congo’ to 91 μm in ‘Crotte d’Ours.’ The granule sizes of the varieties showed a very high correlation (r = 0.975, P < 0.0001) between years. This high reproducibility suggests the existence of genetic factors in determining starch granule size. We also found that the starch granule size is positively correlated with tuber dry matter (in terms of specific gravity) in these heritage potatoes. The results demonstrated reproducible genotypic variation for starch granule size and shape in tubers with a significant correlation to tuber dry matter in these heritage potato varieties, and offers the possibility for and agronomic relevance of genetic modification of starch granules through selective breeding.     

Reuse of domestic wastewater treated in macrophyte ponds to irrigate tomato and eggplant in semi-arid West-Africa: Benefits and risks

The scarcity of freshwater resources is a critical problem in semi-arid zones and marginal quality water is increasingly being used in agriculture. This paper aimed at evaluating the physico-chemical and biological risks on irrigated soils and fruits of macrophyte treated wastewater (TWW), the nutrients supply, and the effect on tomato and eggplant production in semi-arid Burkina Faso. During three years of experiments, treated wastewater was used, with fresh water as control, in combination with or without mineral fertilizer application at recommended rate (140 kg N/ha + 180 kg P₂O₅/ha + 180 kg K₂O/ha). The study revealed that the treated wastewater provided variable nutrients supply depending on year and element. The treated wastewater without mineral fertilizer improved eggplant yield (40% in average) compared to the freshwater. Both crops responded better to mineral fertilizer (52% for tomato and 82% for eggplant) and the effects of the treated wastewater and fertilizer were additive. As the N supply of TWW was very unsteady (8-227% of crop need), and P₂O₅ supply did not satisfy in whole crop need (3-58%) during any of the three years of experiment, we recommended that moderate N and P₂O₅ fertilizers be applied when irrigating with TWW in semi-arid West-Africa. On the contrary, the K₂O supply was more steady and close to crop requirement (78-126%) over the three years of experiment and no addition of K fertilizer may be needed when irrigated with TWW. Faecal coliforms and helminth eggs were observed in treated wastewater and irrigated soils at rate over the FAO and WHO recommended limits for vegetable to be eaten uncooked. Tomato fruits were observed to be faecal coliform contaminated with the direct on-foliage irrigation with treated wastewater. Our results indicate that treated wastewater can effectively be used as both nutrients source and crop water supply in market gardening in the semi-arid Sub-Saharan West Africa (SSWA) where freshwater and farm income are limiting. Yet consumers should properly cook or disinfect treated-wastewater irrigated vegetables before eating, and market gardeners should also be careful manipulating treated wastewater to avoid direct health contamination in this environment.