A new method for evaluating symplastic cadmium absorption in the roots of Solanum melongena using enriched isotopes 113Cd and 114Cd

Radioisotope techniques are well known as methods for evaluating symplastic ion absorption in roots. In the present study, a new method for evaluating symplastic cadmium (Cd) absorption in plant roots was developed using the enriched isotopes ¹¹³Cd and ¹¹⁴Cd. Seedlings of Solanum melongena were exposed to an enriched isotope solution of ¹¹³Cd at 25°C for 30 min. The roots were excised from each seedling and were then immersed in a cold buffer solution without Cd at 2°C for 120 min to suppress the metabolic activity of the roots. Finally, the roots were treated with a cold buffer solution containing enriched stable isotope ¹¹⁴Cd at 2°C for 120 min, whereby the apoplastically bound ¹¹³Cd was desorbed. We tested the validity of our method for evaluating symplastic Cd in roots compared with the conventional method based on differences in the amount of Cd absorbed at 2°C and 25°C using unlabeled Cd. There was no difference in the symplastic Cd content of the roots between the two methods. These results indicate that it is possible to evaluate the symplastic Cd content in roots using the enriched isotopes ¹¹³Cd and ¹¹⁴Cd.     

生长调节剂PCPA和2,4-D对番茄果实果糖激酶活性及基因表达的影响

研究了花期施用PCPA和2,4-D对发育过程中番茄果实糖含量、蔗糖代谢相关酶和果糖激酶活性及果糖激酶基因表达的影响。结果表明,随着番茄果实的发育,果糖激酶的活性及其基因表达均先上升后下降,成熟时达到最低,但FRK1基因表达量较高;果糖和葡萄糖含量呈递增的趋势,成熟时含量达到最高。PCPA和2,4-D处理后降低了成熟番茄...     

类番茄茄茎段原生质体再生成株的研究

利用类番茄茄 (SolamumlycopersicoidesDun .)无菌苗幼嫩茎段酶解获得大量原生质体 (个 ) (2× 10 6/g) ,将原生质体密度稀释至 1× 10 5/mL于HMA培养基中培养 ,则 10d左右出现小细胞团 ,38～ 40d形成肉眼可见的小愈伤组织 (1～ 1.5mm) ,转移至MC增殖培养基 2周后 ,再转移到 15 #分化培养基诱导出芽 ,切取芽体转入5 0P培养基诱发根原基 ,再转入 5 0 #发根培养基形成发达根系 ,成为再生植株 ,整个再生周期 80～ 90d ,再生植株移植至土壤中均能正常生长、开花     

番茄果实色泽和色素含量的遗传特征

番茄的颜色和色素含量是决定果实品质的两个重要特性。在本研究中,使用绿色和紫色番茄植株分别作为母本和父本,分别产生了6个遗传群体,即P1、P2、F1、BC1、BC2和F2。通过数量性状的多代联合分析研究果实颜色和色素含量的遗传规律。结果表明,绿色和紫色果之间的果实颜色的最佳遗传模型为MX1-AD-ADI。BC1、BC2和F2代色度值的主基因遗传率分别为82%、59%和77%,多基因遗传率分别为8%、10%和13%。番茄红素含量的遗传符合MX2-ADI-AD模型,BC1、BC2和F2的主基因遗传率分别为64%、74%和93%,而多基因的遗传率分别为20%、0%和0%。叶绿素的遗传模型为MX1-AD-ADI,BC1、BC2和F2的主基因遗传率分别为59%、74%和59%,多基因的遗传率均为0%。胡萝卜素的遗传符合MX2-ADI-ADI模型,BC1、BC2和F2的主基因遗传率分别为76%、4%/5%和54%,而多基因的遗传率分别为0%、0%和13%。     

野生番茄SpIDD1基因的表达分析及其VIGS载体构建

为鉴定野生番茄的SpIDD1基因并探究其功能,以野生醋栗番茄‘PI365967’为试验材料,利用RT-PCR克隆得到SpIDD1基因的CDS序列,全长1 020 bp,编码339个氨基酸,与普通番茄参考基因组序列相比,SpIDD1只存在一个核苷酸位点的差异。蛋白序列比对和结构分析表明,Sp IDD1含有1个核定位信号和4个保守锌指结构域(C2H2·C2H2·C2HC·C2HC),是一个典型的IDD蛋白。系统进化分析表明,SpIDD1与马铃薯和辣椒的IDD蛋白亲缘关系最近。荧光定量PCR显示,SpIDD1在叶、顶芽和果实中的表达较高,并受干旱胁迫的显著诱导。利用TRV-VIGS系统构建了Sp IDD1的基因沉默载体,并成功侵染番茄。研究结果表明,SpIDD1作为一个典型的IDD基因,很可能参与了番茄的干旱胁迫。本研究为进一步研究该基因的功能及作用机理提供理论依据。     

Postharvest UV-C treatment combined with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), followed by storage in continuous low-level ethylene atmosphere,improves the quality of tomatoes

Mature green tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Neang Pich) were exposed to 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C or 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP or combination of 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C and 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP, with appropriate untreated controls. After treatment, tomatoes were stored in air containing 0.1 μL L^?1 ethylene at 20°C and 100% RH. The untreated fruit ripened significantly faster than those of all other treatments. UV-C treatment alone was able to delay fruit ripening by up to 5 days longer compared to untreated fruits whilst the additional of 1-MCP further delayed fruit ripening. UV-C and 1-MCP treatments alone or in combination had significantly slower ethylene production rates throughout the storage period. The fruit treated with the combination of 1-MCP and UV-C was significantly firmer and had higher total phenolic content compared to that of the other treatments. However, there was no difference between treatments in soluble solids content/titratable acids ratio, chlorophyll content, lycopene content and total antioxidant activity. These results show that UV-C and 1-MCP treatment delay ripening and improve the quality of tomatoes in the presence of low-level ethylene during storage. This new treatment could be used to extend the shelf-life of mature green tomatoes through the supply chain without the use of refrigeration.     

马铃薯地上部绿色组织中糖苷生物碱合成调控的研究

为提高马铃薯品种(系)地上部分糖苷生物碱(SGAs)的含量,增强其抗逆性并改良块茎的品质。克隆了马铃薯茄啶鼠李糖基转移酶基因(sgt3)cDNA和1,5–二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶小亚基基因启动子(rbcS P);对sgt3亚细胞定位预测显示,该蛋白不具有叶绿体转运肽、线粒体导肽和分泌信号肽序列,推测可能位于细胞质;将克隆的sgt3 cDNA片段及rbcS重组到pCEPSP载体上,构建了具有草甘膦抗性标记的绿色组织特异表达sgt3基因植物表达载体。通过农杆菌介导法对马铃薯品种‘陇薯3号’和‘夏波蒂’进行转化,共获得了12株抗草甘膦的阳性转基因植株。对转基因植株的目的基因表达水平和SGAs含量分析发现,地上部sgt3基因相对表达量较未转化植株提高1.3~3.0倍,SGAs含量增加20%~37%,而转基因植株的块茎中SGAs含量变化不显著。本研究的结果为进一步培育枝、叶中高SGAs而块茎中低SGAs的马铃薯抗性品种提供了理论依据。     

陇薯系列高淀粉马铃薯品种的淀粉产量及品质性状综合评价

为了评价高淀粉马铃薯品种的综合品质性状,本研究以甘肃省农业科学院育成的15个马铃薯品种(系)为参试材料,2011-2018年连续8年定点田间试验,测定了块茎产量、营养品质(干物质、淀粉、维生素C、粗蛋白)含量和矿物质元素(钾、钙、铁、锌)含量。结果表明,参试材料的块茎产量和营养品质含量均存在显著的基因型、环境及基因型与环境的互作效应,其中块茎产量、淀粉产量、干物质含量、淀粉含量性状的基因型效应大于环境效应,而营养品质中的维生素C、粗蛋白和还原糖含量的环境效应大于基因型效应。参试材料的块茎产量24 549~50 140 kg·hm^-2,淀粉产量4 271~9 298 kg·hm^-2,干物质含量21.07%~30.18%,淀粉含量14.63%~21.83%,维生素C含量12.20~18.95 mg·100g^-1,粗蛋白含量2.17%~2.71%,还原糖含量0.18%~0.43%,钾含量4 316~5 368 mg·kg^-1,钙含量85.10~138.40 mg·kg^-1,铁含量10.17~24.50 mg·kg^-1,锌含量2.45~3.80 mg·kg^-1。大西洋的衍生品种陇薯8号、陇薯9号、陇薯12号、陇薯14号、L0527-2、L08104-12、LZ111和L1149-2淀粉含量均超过18%,其中,L1149-2总体表现优异,其平均块茎产量50 140 kg·hm^-2、淀粉产量9 298 kg·hm^-2、干物质含量26.75%、淀粉含量19.30%、维生素C含量14.62 mg·100g^-1、粗蛋白含量2.52%、还原糖含量0.28%、钾含量5 297 mg·kg^-1、钙含量138.40 mg·kg^-1、铁含量20.40 mg·kg^-1、锌含量3.20 mg·kg^-1;而陇薯5号淀粉产量及营养品质较差。本研究为合理利用陇薯系列高淀粉马铃薯品种提供了科学依据,对改良高淀粉马铃薯品种产量和品质具有指导意义。