Drought pretreatment increases the salinity resistance of tomato plants

Agricultural productivity is worldwide subjected to increasing salinity problems. Various strategies are applied to overcome the deleterious effects of salinity on plants. This study was conducted in order to determine whether drought pretreatment of seedlings or seed pretreatment with NaCl increases the long‐term salinity resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and whether the adaptive response to salinity is accompanied by physiological changes throughout the plant‐growth cycle. When plants were pretreated at the five‐leaf growth stage, the plant dry weight was significantly higher in drought‐pretreated than in non‐pretreated plants after 50 d of salt treatment. The positive effect of drought pretreatment applied at the five‐leaf stage was maintained throughout the entire growth cycle, as fruit yield of drought‐pretreated plants was 40% higher than that of non‐pretreated plants at the end of the harvest period (150 d of 70 mM NaCl treatment). Moreover, the most productive plants maintained lower Na⁺ and Cl^– accumulation in their leaves until the end of the growth cycle, which shows that adaptation is a long‐term response during which the plants adjust their physiology to the environmental conditions. Salt resistance was also improved through seed pretreatment with NaCl. In conclusion, drought pretreatment applied at the five‐leaf stage or seed pretreatment with NaCl provide an alternative way to enhance salt resistance in tomato, and the increase in yield is associated with physiological changes throughout the plant‐growth cycle.     

Growth and Nutritional Disorders of Eggplant Cultivated in Nutrients Solutions with Suppressed Macronutrients

The objective was to evaluate the effects of omitting macronutrients in the nutrients solution on growth characteristics and nutritional status of eggplants. The treatments were complete nutrients solution and solutions with nutrient omission: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions with three replicates in a completely random design. Plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, dry matter, concentration levels of macronutrients in plant aerial part and root system, and nutritional disorders were evaluated. Omitting elements interfered in the concentration of elements in the various plant tissues and this had as consequences limited vegetative growth, reduced dry matter and led to the development of the typical deficiency symptoms of each element. Although potassium was the most demanded of all elements, nitrogen and calcium were the most growth limiting ones.     

重金属超富集植物龙葵对镉响应的蛋白组学分析

龙葵是典型的重金属超富集植物,但是我们对其重金属耐受和超富集的分子机理仍不完全清楚。为了从蛋白组学层面探究重金属超富集植物龙葵如何响应金属镉,本研究采用双向电泳和MALDI-TOF MS分析方法,鉴定了重金属超富集植物龙葵叶片和根中Cd胁迫下差异表达的蛋白。双向电泳在根和叶片中分别至少得到927和1 025个蛋白点,其中Cd胁迫下差异表达的蛋白点在根中有45个,叶片中有57个。采用MALDITOF MS分析,在根和叶片中分别鉴定了9个和12个蛋白点,分别代表了9个和6个差异表达的蛋白。生物信息学分析表明,这些蛋白涉及到激素合成、防御响应、能量代谢和细胞结构等。这些结果为进一步揭示重金属超富集植物龙葵响应Cd胁迫的分子调节机制,以及为通过现代生物技术手段进行重金属污染的植物修复提供了理论依据。     

The Effect of Humic Substances and Phosphate Fertilizer on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of the Potato

ABSTRACT

The use of applied phosphorus (P) and the uptake of nutrients from the soil by plants can be improved when the fertilizer is combined with the application of humic substances (HS). However, these beneficial effects are inconsistent and can depend on the type of soil. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the application of HS (0, 1.25, and 7.50 mL pot^–1), as Humic HF®, and fertilizer-P (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg P dm^–3), as triple superphosphate, on root morphological characteristics, dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake, and tuber yield of potatoes grown in sandy and clayey soils. Only under low P supply in the sandy soil did the supply of HS, at the rate of 1.25 mL pot^–1, increase the plant growth, yield of tubers, and uptake of macronutrients by the plants, without affecting the efficiency of the P fertilization. In the clayey soil, which had a higher organic matter content, the application of HS did not affect plant growth, tuber yield or nutrient uptake. In both soils, P fertilization increased plant growth, tuber yield, and nutrient uptake. The combined application of HS and P increased the root length of potatoes in sandy soil.     

Genetic diversity of potato landraces from northwestern Argentina assessed with simple sequence repeats (SSRs)

Andean potato varieties are cultivated in the northwest of Argentina and constitute the most important staple food for the local farmers. The genetic diversity of 155 accessions conserved at the Genebank of Balcarce (INTA) was tested using four microsatellites. Three commercial potato varieties of Tuberosum group and one accession of Curtilobum group were used as outgroups. The presence of bands was scored for each microsatellite and for each accession and the data were analysed by principal coordinate analysis. The polymorphism information content was obtained for each molecular marker from banding patterns. Analysis of molecular variance was carried out with a variable number of accessions for each landrace, from different departments and sites within departments. More than one genotype was detected in the majority of the potato landraces. Some accessions within each landrace did not differentiate. AMOVA revealed that most of the genetic variation occurred among sites within departments and among local varieties. These findings are discussed considering the agricultural practices carried out in the Andean farming system.     

Variation and phylogeny of the triploid cultivated potatoSolanum chaucha Juz. et Buk. based on RAPD and isozyme markers

Ninety four accessions of the cultivated triploid potatoS. chaucha were analyzed and classified in genotypic groups using 9 isozyme loci and RAPD markers disclosed by 20 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Eight isozyme loci out of nine were polymorphic. A total of 22 allozymes were analyzed but none of them were specific for any genotypic group. About half (52%) of the 102 RAPD markers scored, were polymorphic, all of them showing polymorphism among groups and rarely within groups. Eighteen RAPD markers were specific for certain genotypes. The isozyme markers showed a certain amount of intra group variation which made classification less reliable than with RAPD markers. A total of 10 triploid genetic groups were discriminated using both techniques together. A single primer was found to be sufficient to distinguish all 10 groups. All varieties of a single group are considered to have been derived from the same cross and then clonally propagated, even though there is a high amount of morphological variation within a single genotypic group due probably to somatic mutations. RAPD markers have been shown to be more reliable in the classification of triploid potato varieties than other genetic markers like isozymes, proteins and morphological traits.     

茄子嫁接与多年生栽培技术

茄子采用嫁接方式栽培,生产出的茄子品质优、商品性好、采收期长、抗病力强、可连作重茬,栽培效益好。栽培技术:选择对茄子土传性病害具有高抗或免疫能力的砧木品种,根据不同季节确定不同的播差期,当砧木长出6~8片真叶、接穗长出5~7片真叶时采用劈接法嫁接,在四门斗茄采收后进行第一次修剪,至翌年元月下旬进行第二次修剪,栽培期间加强管理,及时摘除下部老叶、黄叶,结果盛期每摘一次瓜追施肥水一次,栽培一次可采收2~3年。     

马铃薯离体块茎发育过程中的关键因子及其与蛋白质组分的关系

 利用多元相关、通径分析及线性回归分析等手段 ,针对马铃薯离体块茎发育过程中各影响因子对块茎发育的贡献程度进行分析。结果表明 :平均薯重、质体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性、质体 Ca2 + - ATP酶活性、线粒体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性、总可溶性蛋白含量、块茎平均直径、Q酶活性等是影响块茎产量的重要因素 ,其中平均薯重、质体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性、质体 Ca2 + - ATP酶活性、线粒体 Mg2 + - ATP酶活性等是影响离体块茎发育的关键因子。所得线性回归方程为 :Y=0 .5 2 11+0 .0 5 95 X(1) +0 .8389X(2 ) +0 .0 882 X(3) - 0 .0 0 73X(4) +0 .144 9X(5 ) +0 .35 10 X(6 ) +0 .0 0 31X(7) -0 .0 0 0 0 3X(8) +0 .34 12 X(9) +0 .0 12 7X(10 ) +0 .2 90 4X(11) +0 .0 5 70 X(12 ) +0 .0 15 9X(13) +0 . 35 85 X(14) +0 .0 134 X(15 ) - 0 .10 12 X(16 )。在此基础上 ,对于影响离体块茎发育的各关键因子与块茎蛋白质组分的关系进行分析 ,找到了一些可能与发育中这些重要性状相关的蛋白质组分。即总可溶性蛋白组分中 A4、B1、B8、C8,质体蛋白组分中A4及线粒体蛋白组分中的 A4与 B2等 ,对于马铃薯离体块茎晚期发育具有重要作用。     

H2O2对陈化马铃薯切片抗氰呼吸的诱导作用研究

研究了H₂O₂对陈化马铃薯切片抗氰呼吸的诱导作用.用切片和纯化线粒体进行测定的结果均表明外源H₂O₂(5.0 mmol/L)处理对陈化马铃薯切片的总呼吸只有微弱的影响,但却可以明显诱导切片的抗氰呼吸,并显著提高抗氰呼吸对总呼吸的贡献.应用交替氧化酶的单克隆抗体进行Western杂交的结果表明,H₂O₂处理可以增强陈化马铃薯切片中交替氧化酶的表达,表明H₂O₂对抗氰呼吸的诱导作用与其时交替氧化酶表达的诱导有关.抗氰呼吸可能参与了H₂O₂调控植物抗病防御反应的作用机制.     

马铃薯植株7个主要性状的配合力分析

研究了mira等10个马铃薯品种的22个杂交组合无性一代的植株生长势等7个植株性状的群体遗传和配合力效应。结果表明,晚疫病的亲本加性效应达90.6%;开花性、茎色分离、株高分离、株形分离等4个植株性状的亲本非加性效应分别为72.3%,80.1%,81.5%,93.0%;植株生长势和花色分离的亲本加性和非加性效应均很重要,其加性效应分别为45.2%,47.9%,非加性效应分别为54.8%,52.1%。双亲(至少有1个)一般配合力高的杂交组合的群体表现,优于双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合;而双亲具有一般配合力平均值的杂交组合的群体表现,优于双亲一般配合力都很低的杂交组合。根据亲本配合力可以有效预测杂交组合后代群体的遗传表现。