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91.
鄂尔多斯高原北部沙区主要植被类型下土壤要素的空间分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鄂尔多斯北部沙区存在着极为显著的风沙地貌,在此格局基础之上,特别是在植被与土壤的相互响应过程中,二者的相互关系逐渐密切,这种反馈作用使得该区域的植被与土壤要素形成的空间分布格局具有一定的耦合性。研究这种关系可以为该地区保护植被和合理利用土地资源提供科学依据。 相似文献
92.
The Dynamic Change of Soil Microorganism and Enzyme Activity in the Whole Procreative Process of the Tarim Island Cotton 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对塔里木海岛棉生育全程土壤微生物与酶活性的动态变化进行了检测,测试结果表明:(1)塔河种业高产海岛棉田土壤养分比塔河滩地高出6.58%~37.42%,特别是全钾、速效钾比塔河滩地高出29.02%~37.42%。(2)微生物数量变化呈现如下变化趋势:细菌类群在夏季有生长高峰,秋季略有回升;真菌在春季存在生长高峰,夏季处于低谷,秋季生物活性开始回升;放线菌生长高峰位于夏季,春秋季处于低谷。在土壤微生物区系构成中,细菌占据绝对优势,暗示土壤养分的转化主要靠细菌完成。(3)塔河种业高产海岛棉田土壤酶中的过氧化氢酶、 相似文献
93.
Field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of soil matric potential (SMP) on tomato yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) under drip irrigation condition in North China Plain. The experiment included five treatments, which controlled SMP at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter higher than −10 (S1), −20 (S2), −30 (S3), −40 (S4) and −50 kPa (S5), respectively, after tomato plant establishment. The results showed that different SMP affected irrigation amount and tomato ET. Irrigation amount decreased from 185 mm (S1) to 83.6 mm (S5) in 2004, and from 165 mm (S1) to 109 mm (S5) in 2005, respectively. The ET decreased from 270 mm (S1) to 202 mm (S5) in both years. However, it was found that SMP did not affect the tomato yield significantly, for the range of SMP investigated. Both WUE and IWUE increased as SMP decreased. The maximum WUE (253 and 217 kg/ha mm) and IWUE (620 and 406 kg/ha mm) were for S5 in 2 years, whereas the minimum WUE (178 and 155 kg/ha mm) and IWUE 261 and 259 kg/ha mm) were for S1 in 2004 and 2005. Based on the above results, therefore, it is recommended that if the tomatoes are well irrigated (SMP is higher than −20 kPa) during establishment, controlling SMP higher than −50 kPa at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitter can be used as an indicator for drip irrigation scheduling during following period of tomato growth in North China Plain. 相似文献
94.
路永武 《中国农村水利水电》1991,(7)
1984年以来,舒城县采取工程和生物措施相结合的办法,对胡家河等6个小流域进行了综合治理。本文扼要地将在治理和管护工作中积累的经验、方法以及其成效、研究资料介绍给大家,以供参考。 相似文献
95.
赵玲爽 《中国农村水利水电》1991,(7)
本文介绍了中日双方专家团在海子水库灌区现场调查中,实测土壤水分特征值的方法,土壤水分曲线的制定和应用,负压计观测值的应用,计算节水型灌溉用水量和灌水间隔日数的方法,并用节水型频繁灌溉法制定了各作物的节水型灌溉制度,用这种方法制定的节水型灌溉制度要比我国过去用的常规法节水40%以上。 相似文献
96.
本文对雄县试区试验田的土壤特性空间变异性进行经典统计分析,并利用地质统计学半方差分析法定量描述土壤特性的空间相关结构,然后使用Kriging最优内插估值法得到了田间土壤特性参数的空间分布等值图。分析结果表明,该试验田0~100cm土壤范围内的平均含水量不仅在整个空间分布上而且在纵横曲型剖面上都呈现出弱变异性,空间相关结构显著,相关距离约60~80m。采用上述结论和等值图不但能减少样本采样的数量和密度,还能根据田间含水量的空间分布特征合理布点采样,实施土壤墒情的科学监测。 相似文献
97.
98.
Use of poor-quality groundwater has become inevitable for irrigation to compensate rapidly increasing water demands in many arid and semiarid regions. Salinity and sodicity are the principal soil and water quality concerns in such areas. Many saline–sodic and sodic soils have saline or saline–sodic subsurface drainage waters. Amelioration of these soils needs a source of calcium (Ca2+) that can replace the excess exchangeable sodium (Na+). Most of these soils, however, contain calcite (CaCO3) of extremely low solubility. The native calcite does not supply adequate levels of Ca2+ for soil amelioration as do other chemical amendments. Phytoremediation may help ameliorate such soils through cultivation of certain crops tolerant to ambient soil salinity and sodicity. This amelioration strategy works through plant root action to help dissolve CaCO3 to supply adequate Ca2+ without the application of an amendment. During a 3-year field experiment conducted under irrigated conditions, we evaluated phytoremediation against soil application of gypsum and farm manure, and water treatment with sulphuric acid on a calcareous saline–sodic soil (pHs=8.0–8.4, ECe=24–32 dS m−1, SAR=57–78, CaCO3=45–50 g kg−1 for the top 0.15 m depth; Calcic Haplosalids). A saline–sodic water (EC=2.9–3.4 dS m−1, SAR=12.0–19.4, RSC=4.6–10.0 mmolc l−1, SARadj=15.6–18.4) was used to irrigate the rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops grown in rotation. Active desalinisation and desodication processes were observed in all the treatments. After the final wheat crop, the 1.2 m soil profile ECe was 7±0.5 dS m−1 and SAR was 15±2 with non-significant treatment differences, indicating comparable soil amelioration effect of phytoremediation with other treatments. Better crop yields were obtained from the manure-treated plots, owing to its annual addition to the soil that possibly improved soil fertility. Phytoremediation needed minimum capital input because no initial investment was made to purchase the amendments. 相似文献
99.
Fusheng Ma Shaozhong Kang Fusheng Li Jianhua Zhang Taisheng Du Xiaotao Hu Mixia Wang 《Agricultural Water Management》2007,90(3):190-196
The effects of water deficit in different fruit growth stages on the variation of stem sap flux of 6-year old greenhouse-grown pear-jujube trees were investigated. Treatments included sufficient water supply during the whole fruit-growing period (T1), mild water deficit during the flowering–fruit setting stage (T2), moderate water deficit during the fruit rapid growth stage (T3) and severe water deficit during the fruit maturing stage (T4). Results showed that significant compensation effect on stem sap flux after re-watering was observed in T2, but not in T3 and T4 stages. At the end of rapid growth stage, the diurnal variation of stomatal conductance generally had a similar trend as that of stem sap flux, but with a distinct midday depression from 12:00 to 14:00 p.m. In addition, a linear relationship between the relative available soil water content (RAWC) and the ratio of daily stem sap flux to that of sufficient water treatment was observed (R2 = 0.4489). 相似文献
100.
为了实现野外偏远、无GPRS信号地区土壤墒情、温度及降雨量的远程无线实时监测,设计了一套由土壤墒情及相关影响信息实时采集系统、铱星通信以及互联网技术构成的"物联网"架构式土壤墒情实时监测系统,围绕铱星SBD(Short burst data)终端模块9602开发了具有独立知识产权的数据采集系统。该系统实现了智能化、网络化的土壤墒情实时监测,以及历史数据的查询、下载,根据设定阈值进行短信报警、传感器和通信故障报警等功能。该系统自2011年8月在山东省、北京市等地运行以来,可以安全、稳定、可靠地获取监测土壤含水率、温度及降雨量信息。通过试验可知铱星通信在空旷地带成功率为97.2%,单个节点通信费用为每月200元(12 000字节),达到了对土壤墒情、温度和降雨量变化规律进行长期监测的目的。 相似文献