噻虫嗪对白背飞虱试验种群繁殖力的亚致死效应

为探究噻虫嗪对白背飞虱的亚致死效应,采用稻茎浸渍法以噻虫嗪亚致死浓度LC_(10)和LC_(25)胁迫白背飞虱3龄若虫,测定了F_0代和F_1代若虫的存活率、雌成虫寿命和产卵量,并组建了F_1代种群相对适合度生命表。结果表明,经噻虫嗪亚致死浓度胁迫后,F_0代白背飞虱若虫的发育历期延长,存活率降低,并且LC_(10)处理组的F_0代雌成虫寿命比对照组显著延长,而成虫产卵量无显著变化;F_1代的若虫发育历期比对照组显著延长,且产卵量有所减少,LC_(10)处理组雌成虫产卵量比对照组减少了22.24,LC_(25)处理组比对照组减少了69.96,且差异显著;LC_(10)和LC_(25)亚致死浓度处理后F_1代的种群增长趋势指数均下降,种群相对适合度分别下降了0.12和0.36。研究表明,噻虫嗪亚致死浓度胁迫均可抑制白背飞虱的种群增长。     

影响白背飞虱翅型分化的相关因子

为探讨水稻白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera Horvth翅型分化机制,以其长翅型、短翅型的遗传纯系为材料,在不同梯度的温度、光周期、若虫密度、不同寄主植物、水稻生育期、双亲翅型和植株营养条件下比较白背飞虱的翅型分化状况。结果显示,短日照有利于白背飞虱短翅型雄虫的发生;白背飞虱若虫密度≥15头/管时,短翅型分化率仅在16.9%以下;寄主营养决定了翅型分化的方向,寄主植物的总蛋白质含量与白背飞虱短翅型的分化率呈正相关;水稻拔节期最有利于白背飞虱短翅型的发生,分化率为45.2%,而灌浆期有利于其长翅型的发生;该虫F1代的翅型表型与亲本的遗传密切相关,父本和母本均为短翅型时,F1代短翅型分化率可达47.7%。无论在什么情况下白背飞虱长翅型的分化率始终高于短翅型,尤其是短翅型雄虫的分化率非常低。因此,白背飞虱长、短翅型的分化既由基因控制,又受外界环境因子的影响。     

水稻叶鞘表皮结构对白背飞虱抗性的研究

水稻抗御白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horvath)的能力,与水稻叶鞘表皮组织的矽细胞群、矽细胞链、刺毛、刚毛、木栓组织、蜡被层密度等密切相关。这些结构的数值化指标。可为IPM选择抗虫品种和选育抗虫品种提供新的、直接应用的指标。     

Virulence of the Populations of the Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Reared on Different Resistant Rice Varieties

ARC and ND colony were obtained by rearing the whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera(Horvath), exclusively on ARC10239 (ARC, carrying resistance gene Wbph2) and N‘Diang Marie (ND, carrying resistance gene WbphS) till 15 generations. Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and Rathu Heenati (RHT) served as susceptible and resistant check, respectively. The results of electronic recording revealed that duration of salivation and X-waveform of the two colonies on their corresponding hosts was short while the duration of phloem ingestion was long. The amount of honeydew excreted by ARC and ND colony did not differ on their corresponding host varieties from TN1 and was much higher than that of RHT. The number of eggs laid on their host varieties and TN1 were significantly higher than that on RHT. No distinct change was observed for these two colonies in term of percentage of developed eggs. The nymph survival rate of ND colony on its selection host was 45.0%, significantly different from that on TN1(71.4%0) and RHT(21.0%), while that of ARCcolony was 68. 3%, not significantly different from that on TN1(77.5%), but much higher than that on RHT(22.6%).The nymphal development duration of these two colonies on the corresponding hosts was not different from that on TN1, but significantly shorter than that on RHT. In brief, these two colonies had almost adapted to their corresponding host varieties based on feeding and oviposition, but the nymphal survival rate of ND colony was still low.     

白背飞虱长、短翅型成虫实验种群生物学比较

在食物（TN1）和环境条件（26℃、RH为85%）均优越的条件下,比较了白背飞虱长翅和短翅两种翅型成虫在若虫历期、产卵前期、繁殖动态、寿命及种群增长参数等方面的差异。尽管两种翅型雌虫的总产卵量接近（704粒/雌）,但短翅型雌虫的若虫历期和产卵前期均较短、产卵高峰到来时间较早、前期产卵量比例较高,因而内禀增长力较高。两种翅型雌虫的存活率在羽化后前5 d内均接近100％,之后长翅型较高。短翅型雌虫的寿命显著短于长翅型。两种翅型白背飞虱在寿命与产卵量间均存在极显著正相关线性关系,相同寿命的两种翅型个体,短翅型的产卵量较高。本实验表明,即使两翅型的总生殖力相同,短翅型仍具有优于长翅型的生活史优越性, 换言之, 长翅型成虫翅膀及其相关器官的构建是以其发育和生殖延迟为代价的     

Characterization of 12 Novel Microsatellite Markers of Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) Identified From Next-Generation Sequence Data

The white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a major pest of rice and has long-range migratory behavior in Asia. Microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats) have been widely used to determine the origins and genetic diversity of insect pests. We identified novel microsatellite loci for S. furcifera samples collected from Laos, Vietnam, and three localities in Bangladesh from next-generation Roche 454 pyrosequencing data. Size polymorphism at 12 microsatellite loci was verified for 40 adult individuals collected from Shinan, South Korea. The average number of alleles per locus was 7.92. The mean values of observed (H_o) and expected heterozygosities (H_E) were 0.615 and 0.757, respectively. These new microsatellite markers will be a resource for future ecological genetic studies of S. furcifera samples across more broad geographic regions in Asia and may assist in estimations of genetic differentiation and gene flow among populations for implementation of more effective management strategies to control this serious rice pest.     

中国飞虱科若虫分类研究Ⅱ白背飞虱属(同翅目:蜡蝉总科)

为进行常见种类若虫鉴定和探讨飞虱类群间的亲缘关系,近年来作者调查了我国白背飞虱属常见的３个种,即白背飞虱Ｓｏｇａｔｅｌｌａ ｆｕｒｃｉｆｅｒａ（Ｈｏｒｖａｔｈ）、稗尽虱Ｓｏｇａｔｅｌｌａ ｖｉｂｉｘ（Ｈａｕｐｔ）和烟翅白背飞虱Ｓｏｇａｔｅｌｌａ ｋｏｌｏｐｈｏｎ（Ｋｉｒｋａｌｄｙ）的５龄若虫,其中,烟翅白背飞虱的若虫为首次报道。编制了３种若虫的分种检索表,详细描述了每种５龄若虫的形态特征,附主要特     

不同杀虫剂对白背飞虱的防治效果

试验结果表明,药后7d以醚菊酯10%悬浮剂防治白背飞虱效果最好,防效达90.2%,其次是吡蚜酮50%水分散粒剂,防效为83%;但持效性优于醚菊酯,2种药剂可在生产上推广使用。     

不同施肥水平对水稻上白背飞虱种群的影响

摘要: 研究了施不同水平有机肥和化肥的钵栽水稻（汕优63）上白背飞虱的发育、存活和繁殖情况。有机肥（腐熟猪粪）和化肥（尿素、过磷酸钙和氯化钾）分别设低（N 200、P 230和K 95 mg/钵）、中（N 400、P 460和K 190 mg/钵）和高（N 600、P 690和K 285 mg/钵）3个水平处理,于移栽前施于盆钵中,施肥1周后的稻苗（27 d龄）供试。结果表明,当施肥水平较低时,各种群参数在两类肥料处理间的差异较小;但当施肥提高至中、高水平时,与施化肥相比,施有机肥水稻上的白背飞虱卵孵化率和若虫存活率显著降低,若虫历期较长,产卵历期较短,产卵量较小,种群内禀增长率明显降低。表明与施化肥相比,施有机肥明显不利于白背飞虱种群的增长。