水稻黑条矮缩病毒对非介体稻飞虱——白背飞虱适应性的影响

 为明确水稻感染病毒病后对非介体稻飞虱的影响,在室内研究了水稻感染黑条矮缩病病毒后对白背飞虱的生态适应性及其体内相关的保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明, 在感染病毒水稻植株上取食对白背飞虱若虫存活率、发育历期、成虫性比、雌成虫体质量、产卵量和卵孵化率等影响不显著,但雌成虫寿命和卵历期显著缩短。取食感病稻株的成虫体内保护酶(CAT、SOD和POD)和解毒酶(AchE、 GST和CAE)的活性均显著增强。结果证明水稻感染黑条矮缩病病毒后非介体白背飞虱的适应性提高。     

The Toxicity and Detoxifying Mechanism of Cycloxaprid and Buprofezin in Controlling Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

The effects of cycloxaprid (a modified neonicotinoid insecticide) and buprofezin (a thiadiazine insecticide) on mortality of the white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera, were determined in laboratory assays. Cycloxaprid killed WBPH nymphs and adults but buprofezin killed only nymphs, and cycloxaprid acted faster than buprofezin. One day after infestation, mortality of third-instar nymphs was >65% with cycloxaprid at 125 mg liter⁻¹ but was <38% with buprofezin at 148 mg liter⁻¹. By the 4th day after infestation, however, control of nymphs by the two insecticides was similar, and cycloxaprid at 125 mg liter⁻¹ caused ≥80% mortality of adults but buprofezin at 148 mg liter⁻¹ (the highest rate tested) caused almost no adult mortality. LC₅₀ values for cycloxaprid were lowest with nymphs, intermediate with adult males, and highest with adult females. Although buprofezin was slower acting than cycloxaprid, its LC₅₀ for nymphs 5 d after infestation was 3.79-fold lower than that of cycloxaprid. Mean carboxylesterase (CarE) specific activity of nymphal WBPH treated with cycloxaprid and buprofezin was higher than that of control, but there was no significant difference between cycloxaprid and control (no insecticide), and it was significantly higher for buprofezin than those of cycloxaprid and control. For glutathione S-transferase and mixed function oxygenase, the specific activity of nymphal WBPH treated with buprofezin was significantly higher than those of cycloxaprid and control, too.     

不同水稻挥发物对稻虱红螯蜂雌蜂的引诱作用

为了解水稻挥发物在稻虱红螯蜂雌蜂寻找寄主过程中的作用,采用触角电位仪和Y-型嗅觉仪测定了稻虱红螯蜂雌蜂对不同水稻挥发物的触角电位（electroantennogram,EAG）反应和行为反应。不同生育期水稻挥发物中,稻虱红螯蜂雌蜂对幼苗期挥发物的EAG反应最强烈,显著高于分蘖期及抽穗期。行为测定显示中优5617和湘优109幼苗期稻株挥发物对稻虱红螯蜂雌蜂具有显著引诱作用。稻虱红螯蜂雌蜂对虫害植株挥发物的EAG反应最强烈,与健康植株和机械损伤植株之间均存在显著差异。稻虱红螯蜂雌蜂明显趋向于湘优109、黔香优302和宜香481三个品种的虫害处理植株。结果表明,幼苗和虫害稻株挥发物在稻虱红螯蜂雌蜂寻找寄主过程中起到了重要作用。     

稻飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽在探照灯下的扑灯节律

为明确稻飞虱及其天敌黑肩绿盲蝽在探照灯下的扑灯节律,2012和2013年在广西兴安县应用探照灯诱虫器对稻飞虱及黑肩绿盲蝽进行了分时段监测。结果表明：稻飞虱和黑肩绿盲蝽年度间扑灯量有所不同,夜晚扑灯类型属于整夜扑灯型,晚上一般有1~2个扑灯高峰。2012年稻飞虱和黑肩绿盲蝽、2013年白背飞虱在迁入高峰期扑灯高峰不固定,2013年褐飞虱扑灯高峰主要集中在19：30～21：00时段,黑肩绿盲蝽2013年扑灯高峰主要集中在00：00～01：30和01：30～03：00时段。稻飞虱和黑肩绿盲蝽迁出高峰期及黑肩绿盲蝽本地活动期扑灯高峰主要集中在前半夜,稻飞虱本地活动期扑灯高峰主要集中在前半夜和04：30～06：00时段。     

白背飞虱ISSR-PCR反应体系构建的正交设计优化

白背飞虱是水稻重要害虫之一。研究采用L16(45)正交设计优化试验,构建了白背飞虱ISSR最优反应体系,并对引物退火温度和反应循环次数进行了优化。结果表明：白背飞虱ISSR PCR最优反应体系为2 μL 10×PCR Buffer（10 mmol/L Tris HCl;50 mmol/L KCl）,1.5 mmol/L Mg2+,0.25 mmol/L dNTPs,0.9 μmol/L引物,1U TaqPolymerase和50 ng 模板DNA,ddH2O补充至20 μL。本研究采用的10条引物的最佳退火温度在51.0~54.0 ℃间,以引物相应最优退火温度和40次反应循环可获得较好的白背飞虱ISSR-PCR结果。     

Analysis of Differential Proteins in Two Wing-Type Females of Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) is an important rice pest with the wing dimorphism, including macropterous and brachypterous morphs. The protein expression profiles in two wing-type adults and two wing-type disc fifth-instar nymphs were analyzed using two-dimensional gel protein electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. In adults and fifth-instar nymphs, 127 and 162 protein spots were detected, respectively. Fifty-five differentially expressed protein spots were identified between the long-winged adults and the short-winged adults, and 62 differentially expressed protein spots were found between the long-winged disc fifth-instar nymphs and short-winged disc fifth-instar nymphs. In long-winged and short-winged adults, six and seven specific protein spots were identified, respectively, with five and seven protein spots having more than threefold increased level, respectively. In long-winged and short-winged disc morph nymphs, 8 and 12 specific protein spots were identified, respectively, with 11 and 17 spots containing more than threefold increased level, respectively. Among the 16 identified proteins, five proteins are associated with muscle function, suggesting that muscle is a main tissue where the genes were differentially expressed between the two wing types. In addition, the content of a peptidase with an insulinase domain was higher (by 3.02 ± 0.59 fold) in the short-winged fifth-instar nymphs than in the long-winged fifth-instar nymphs, which suggests that this peptidase may be involved in wing differentiation by regulating insulin receptors. The results of this study provide some genetic clues for the wing differential development in S. furcifera and provide more references for future studies.     

The Efficiency of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus Transmission by the Vector Sogatella furcifera to Different Host Plant Species

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is a new rice disease that severely affects rice production in South China.To understand transmission capacity of the vector Sogatella furcifera to Southern r...     

白背飞虱HSP90全长cDNA的克隆与特性分析

利用同源克隆及RACE的方法,从白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera中克隆获得热激蛋白HSP90基因的全长cDNA序列(Genbank登录号:JQ743628),该基因全长为2 707bp,包含421bp的3′非编码区域(UTR)和93bp的5′UTR,开放阅读框(ORF)为2 193bp,编码730个氨基酸。该基因预测的蛋白分子量为83.85kD,等电点为4.94,无信号肽、糖基化位点及跨膜结构。在N端具有HSP90基因保守的ATPase结构,含有HSP90家族的C末端的保守序列MEEVD。从进化分析结果看出,白背飞虱的HSP90与其它昆虫的HSP90蛋白的同源性较高,与褐飞虱相比较,同源性高达98%。HSP90基因的克隆和比较分析为进一步深入研究白背飞虱的抗逆机理、耐受性及进化具有重要意义。     

不同种植环境稻田稻飞虱种群动态研究

 为了分析不同种植环境条件对稻飞虱种群数量发生的影响,于2011年对云南省安宁市禄脿镇地区单一种植环境稻田和多样性种植环境稻田稻飞虱进行了扫网和灯诱调查。结果表明：不同种植环境稻田中白背飞虱（Sogatella furcifera）数量均明显高于褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens）及灰飞虱（Laodelphax striatella） 数量,白背飞虱为当地主要的稻飞虱危害种群;水稻移栽（2011年5月24日）前1周左右白背飞虱开始迁入本地区,6月下旬至7月上中旬达到发生高峰期,7月中旬之后白背飞虱成虫开始外迁;通过LSD法对不同种植环境稻田白背飞虱进行显著性差异检验,发现不同种植环境稻田白背飞虱若虫数量在8次调查中有6次存在显著差异（P<005）;多样性种植环境稻田中白背飞虱成虫的寄生率和雌性性比多高于单一种植环境稻田;多样性种植环境稻田捕食性天敌蜘蛛种类和总个体数均大于单一种植环境稻田。因此,多样性种植环境稻田对稻飞虱数量有更强的控制作用。     

水稻叶色突变对虫害发生影响的研究初报

为明确叶色标记水稻在生产中可能引起的虫害发生变化,本试验在使用和不使用农药防治的情况下,以常规品种嘉禾218为对照,对龙特甫B及其2个叶色突变系黄玉B、翠玉B田间虫害情况进行了调查.龙特甫B为正常绿叶籼稻品种,黄玉B、翠玉B全生育期分别表现黄色和翠绿色,在苗期、分蘖期和抽穗期,黄玉B较龙特甫B的叶绿素含量分别下降58.O%,48.4%和40.8%,翠玉B则分别下降39.5%,36.0%和29.5%.结果表明,秧田期2个叶色突变体上的稻蓟马虫量显著高于其亲本龙特甫B;本田期灰飞虱和褐飞虱的虫口数在不同材料间或差异不显著,或存在显著差异,但没有一定的规律性.但是,2个突变体受稻纵卷叶螟的危害显著轻于龙特甫B,表现为盛发期突变体受稻纵卷叶螟危害产生的虫苞数显著少于龙特甫B,而龙特甫B与嘉禾218之间没有显著差异;相反,2个突变体植株上白背飞虱的虫量显著大于龙特甫B,龙特甫B也显著大于嘉禾218.根据植株的农艺性状和叶绿素含量,以及虫害发生动态变化,笔者推测,造成叶色标记水稻稻纵卷叶螟危害变轻的原因可能与植株叶绿素含量下降,影响幼虫生长发育有关,但引起白背飞虱虫口增加的原因尚需进一步研究.本试验为首次对叶色标记水稻虫害发生情况进行研究,所得结果不但对完善叶色标记水稻生产体系具有指导意义,同时对研究害虫与水稻叶色之间的关系也具有理论价值.