3份小麦品种（系）Gsp 1基因的克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的谷类作物硬度基因grain softness protein-1(Gsp-1)保守DNA序列设计一对特异性引物,以优质小麦品种(系)中国春、SZ-56及M9876基因组DNA为模板进行基因扩增、克隆和序列测定,获得636 bp的Gsp-1全长特异性片段。序列分析显示其含有495 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码全长为164 aa的蛋白,该蛋白含有Gsp-1典型的19 aa信号肽,10个保守的半胱氨酸以及2个保守的色氨酸。序列比对表明,Gsp-1基因不仅含有Gsp-1 a、Gsp-1 b和Gsp-1 c这3种类型,还含有一种新的类型,将其命名Gsp-1 d。进一步对其结构预测分析发现,Gsp-1蛋白可形成5个链间二硫键,含有4~5个α-螺旋。进化树分析显示Gsp-1基因与硬度主效基因Pina和Pinb有着紧密关系。     

家稗丙酮酸磷酸双激酶序列分析及三维结构建模

【研究目的】目前已从许多种植物中克隆了其PPDK基因,但是对于其蛋白结构的分析尚未报道,此文通过生物信息学方法对家稗PPDK的序列进行了分析,并对其三维结构进行了建模分析;【研究方法】利用DNASTAR、Vector NTI 9、SignalP等生物信息学平台对[Echinochloa crusgalli var frumentacea(Roxb.)W.F.Wight]丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase)进行了序列分析和三维结构建模;【研究结果】家稗丙酮酸磷酸双激酶(PPDK)同来自于高等植物的PPDK具有较高的同源性,无信号肽,存在17个跨膜结构区,二级结构是由许多螺旋、转角和少量折叠构成。同时在一二级结构分析的基础上,利用同源建模的方法完成了三维结构的建模。【结论】家稗PPDK蛋白同来自高等植物中的更为相近,无信号肽,有17个跨膜结构区,其三维结构为一同源四聚体。     

暗紫红毛菜ITS序列的测定与分析

[目的]对暗紫红毛菜rDNA内转录间隔区（ITS区）进行序列测定,为其系统发育研究提供新资料。[方法]以产于山西娘子关泉的一株暗紫红毛菜为材料,提取DNA,设计引物,进行PCR扩增,进而测定其ITS区基因序列。[结果]暗紫红毛菜与同科的少精紫菜ITS区同源性为75%,与条斑紫菜ITS区同源性为79%。[结论]ITS区序列进化速率相对较快,种类和地理分布的差异是其序列差异产生的原因。     

低温胁迫对黄瓜花叶病毒CMV-BG株系cp基因多态性的影响

研究了低温胁迫下黄瓜花叶病毒与三生烟互作后CMV cp基因序列的变化规律,并分析了植物RNA病毒的进化机制。用黄瓜花叶病毒北京甘蓝分离物(CMV-BG)侵染三生烟不同单株,置于不同温度条件下(常温和低温)培养30 d后,对CMV cp基因进行克隆、序列测定和多态性分析。结果表明,侵染低温组植物CMV的cp基因多态性(Pi=0.001 76)高于常温组(Pi=0.001 14),IFEL分析检测到低温组第48个氨基酸位点为正选择位点,初步表明低温胁迫有助于提高CMV-BG cp基因序列的多态性,温度胁迫是植物RNA病毒与宿主互作过程中基因序列变异的一种重要的作用力。     

刺五加ATP合酶β亚基基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]克隆刺五加叶绿体的ATP合酶β亚基cDNA并对其进行生物信息学分析。[方法]根据已知物种叶绿体ATP合酶β亚基基因的序列,设计1对同源引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到刺五加ATP合酶β亚基cDNA,并对其进行序列比对及结构预测分析。[结果]RT-PCR扩增获得了长1099bp的刺五加ATP合酶β亚基cDNA,该基因编码366个氨基酸。序列比对及结构预测分析表明,刺五加ATP合酶β亚基基因编码的氨基酸与水稻的同源性最高,达96.41%。其二级结构中含有171个α螺旋（alpha helix）,占46.72%;53个延伸链（extended strand）,占14.48%;27个β折叠（beta turn）,占7.38%;115个无规则蜷曲（random coil）,占31.42%。第262～271位氨基酸为ATP合酶β亚基的标志性位点。整个多肽链无明显的疏水区域,初步认定为亲水性蛋白。[结论]该试验克隆得到的ATP合酶β亚基基因为叶绿体ATP合酶β亚基基因,为研究刺五加能量代谢对植物次生代谢的影响及了解植物ATP合酶的结构与功能提供了必要的信息。     

黔北麻羊MSTN基因的多态性分析

为给黔北麻羊品种遗传资源的保护及进一步选育提供科学依据,利用BsmAI、MspI、EcoRI、MvaI、XmnI、MnII等6种限制性内切酶对黔北麻羊MSTN基因部分内含子1、2和外显子2进行PCR-RFLP多态性分析。结果表明:在扩增的MSTN基因1 241bp序列中含有BsmAI、EcoRI、MvaI和MnII 4个酶切位点,但均不具有多态性;未发现MspI和XmnI酶切位点。     

小麦RIL群体遗传连锁图谱的构建及其多态性分析

以普通小麦重组近交系(recombinant inbred lines,RIL)‘Q9086×陇鉴19’为作图群体,利用SSR标记构建小麦遗传连锁图谱.结果表明:通过选用2 187对SSR引物筛选出RIL群体双亲表现多态性的引物共405对,多态性频率为18.52%.不同类型SSR标记多态性频率从小到大依次为Xpsp(4.4%)相似文献   

葡萄EST-SNP位点的信息与特征

为了从不同基因型葡萄组织的表达序列标签(EST)中得到候选单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,从NCBI的dbEST数据库中下载来源于9个不同葡萄基因型的不同组织EST序列42 493条,利用CAP3软件拼接得到6 126个重叠群(contig),将拼接结果导入QualitySNP进行SNP筛选;同时,为提高候选SNP位点的可靠度,降低小规格contig开发SNP的假阳性率和大规格contig开发SNP的假阴性率,设置候选SNP位点的次要等位基因频率至少为30%,SNP侧翼序列保守度至少为5bp。结果表明:仅在1 195个contig中存在候选SNP位点,共5 032个,其中包括1 800个颠换类型,2 896个转换类型,336个单碱基的插入与缺失(indel),SNP的平均出现频率为4.2SNP.contig-1。利用CAPS(酶切扩增多态序列)分子标记和重测序方法对其中几个候选SNP位点进行验证表明,符合人工筛选原则且来自于小规格contig的候选SNP位点检测结果较好,可靠度最高。     

Development of a core set of KASP markers for assaying genetic diversity in Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis Makino

Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are rapid, economical and reliable genotyping tools. Non‐heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis Makino) is now an economically important vegetable crop worldwide. In this study, 1,167 SNPs were evaluated for 7polymorphism among 70 representative non‐heading Chinese cabbage inbred lines using a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping assay. On the basis of identified polymorphisms and the results of a principal component analysis, we selected 50 core SNPs that were balanced sufficiently to provide adequate information for genetic identification. The core SNPs were used for construction of a neighbour‐joining dendrogram that separated the 70 inbred lines into four main groups and several subgroups corresponding to Caixin, Heiyebaicai, Huangxinwu, Naibaicai, Taitsai, Pak‐choi, and Wutatsai. This categorization was superior to that achieved using a dataset of 479 polymorphic SNPs. To confirm the utility of the core SNP markers in genetic identification, we tested their stability and resolution using 162 commercial hybrid cultivars. The SNPs, which represent a cost‐effective, accurate marker set for germplasm analysis and cultivar identification, are suitable for molecular marker‐assisted breeding in non‐heading Chinese cabbage.     

Morphological differences among Raphanus raphanistrum populations and their relationship to related crops

Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) has developed introgressed populations after hybridization with its cultivated counterpart (R. sativus) in California. Hybridization with various Brassica and Sinapis species is also possible. To determine if hybridization is responsible of the genetic diversity of European populations, six wild radish populations with distinct morphological traits were sampled from geographically distant regions in Europe. Plants were cultivated in an oilseed rape field and in insect‐proof cages. Silique and flower morphology, growth, and reproductive traits were measured. The wild radish populations could be discriminated by the morphological traits, but not related to geographic regions. In particular, populations of one region showed wide variability in terms of silique shape and growth behaviour, and small‐sized flowers. Although the origin of morphological diversity in wild radish is unclear, i.e. native or due to gene flow from the cultivated radish or other Brassicaceae, significant morphological divergence was found that could have relevant effects on plant ecology and adaptation.