ChMDA5通路参与传染性法氏囊病病毒致雏鸡法氏囊损伤的研究

传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）为dsRNA病毒,可造成雏鸡法氏囊损伤进而发生免疫抑制;MDA5是能够特异性识别dsRNA病毒的模式识别受体。为研究鸡MDA5（chMDA5）信号通路在IBDV致雏鸡法氏囊病理损伤中的作用,试验选取50只14日龄SPF雏鸡随机分为IBDV感染组和空白对照组,每组25只,IBDV感染组雏鸡通过点眼、滴鼻感染IBDV JIC7株病毒液,0.6 mL·只^-1,空白对照组雏鸡经相同途径给予相同剂量无菌PBS,感染IBDV后第1、4、7、21及35天采集雏鸡法氏囊。采用qRT-PCR方法检测法氏囊中IBDV载量,chMDA5及chMDA5信号通路衔接蛋白（chIPS-1）、转录因子（chIRF3和chNF-κB）、下游产物细胞因子（chIFN-β、chTNF-α、chIL-1β、chIL-6） mRNA水平变化;间接免疫荧光法检测chMDA5蛋白表达变化,传统病理学方法检查法氏囊病理组织学变化。结果发现,雏鸡感染IBDV后,其法氏囊中chMDA5、chIPS-1、chIRF3、chNF-κB、chIFN-β、chTNF-α、chIL-1β、chIL-6的表达量均显著高于对照组,且法氏囊组织发生形态损伤,上述变化趋势与IBDV载量变化基本一致。结果表明,雏鸡法氏囊chMDA5及其信号转导通路可被IBDV激活,参与到IBDV感染雏鸡法氏囊损伤与抗损伤过程中。     

麦长管蚜在济麦22上的年龄-龄期两性生命表研究

在室内22℃条件下,利用年龄-龄期两性生命表理论研究了济麦22上麦长管蚜种群生命表,并比较了有翅型和无翅型麦长管蚜的发育历期和繁殖力。结果发现,济麦22上麦长管蚜的寿命为23.0±1.0d,繁殖力为24.6±1.1头/雌。种群的内禀增长率(r)、周限增长率(λ)、净生殖率(R0)和平均世代周期(T)分别为0.22±0.01 d-1、1.25±0.01 d-1、20.28±1.38头、13.48±0.19 d。济麦22上有翅型麦长管蚜若蚜历期、产蚜前期显著长于无翅型,但成蚜期、产蚜历期和繁殖力却显著低于无翅型。     

大豆对豆卷叶螟的抗性鉴定

1999-2002年,在田间自然虫源条件下,分别以卷包密度和虫口密度为指标,鉴定大豆种质对豆卷叶螟的抗虫性.结果表明,大豆品种之间的抗虫性有显著的差异,以卷包密度为评价指标的抗虫性和以虫口密度为评价指标的抗虫性相关显著.在人工接虫条件下,研究豆卷叶螟在不同抗性大豆品种上的产卵选择性,结果显示豆卷叶螟在感虫品种上的产卵量显著多于在抗虫品种上的产卵量.经过多年鉴定,筛选出东兴青皮豆、牛黄豆、PI227687等高抗品种,皖82-178、金龙黑豆、Mosoy等高感品种.     

Larval growth, survival and development of Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius) cultured in different salinities

Larvae of Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius) at protozoea 1 (PZ1) stage were stocked in 2‐L glass flasks to investigate the effects of various salinities (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 ppt) on growth and survival until the post‐larval (PL) stages. The PZ larvae were not able to tolerate a sudden salinity drop of over 10 ppt. Yet, an abrupt salinity increase of over 10 or even 15 ppt did not cause mortality. The PZ larvae were successfully acclimated to different test salinities at a rate of 4 ppt h^?1. The larvae displayed better tolerance to high rather than low salinities. The lowest and highest critical salinities appeared to be 22 and 55 ppt respectively. Taking into account survival, growth and development results, the optimal salinity for the larval culture of M. monoceros inhabiting the Eastern Mediterranean was 40 ppt. At this salinity, the PZ1 larvae were successfully cultured until PL1 stage within 11 days with 68% survival on a feeding regime of Tetraselmis chuii Kylin (Butcher) (20 cells μ L^?1), Chaetoceros calcitrans Paulsen (50 cells μ L^?1), Isochrysis galbana Parke (30 cells μL^?1) and five newly hatched Artemia nauplii mL^?1 from M1 onwards at 28 °C.     

法氏囊提取物对PIC猪生长性能、胴体组成和肉质的影响

27头20日龄PIC仔猪,分为试验组和对照组,分别颈部肌肉注射法氏囊提取物注射液和灭菌生理盐水,试验至出栏为止。试验全期,试验组累计增重比对照组提高了20.20%(P<0.01)。PIC猪育肥前期,试验组平均日增重比对照组提高了22.05%(P<0.01),料重比降低了4.26%。屠宰试验结果表明,试验组比对照组的胴体瘦肉率提高了近8.2个百分点(P<0.01),眼肌面积增加42.64%(P<0.01),6~7肋膘厚也显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组与对照组的系水力和肌内脂肪差异不显著(P>0.05)。表明法氏囊提取物不仅有助于促进PIC猪生长,提高饲料报酬,而且有助于改善胴体组成。     

Molecular phylogeny and diversity of Myanmar and Bhutan mithun based on mtDNA sequences

The mithun (Bos frontalis), synonymous with mithan and gayal, is considered to be a domesticated form of gaur (B. gaurus). However, there has been a controversy concerning its origin. In an effort to address this issue, the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) genes of 20 mithun from Myanmar and 13 from Bhutan were sequenced to trace its maternal origin. Seven cytb haplotypes were found in the 33 mithun, and the phylogenetic tree for these haplotypes clearly showed three embranchments involving five gaur types, a B. indicus type, and a B. taurus type. Sixteen Myanmar and 12 Bhutan mithun had gaur haplotypes, while a B. indicus haplotype was found in three Myanmar and one Bhutan mithun. The B. taurus haplotype was detected in a single Myanmar animal. These results demonstrated that the principal maternal origin of mithun was gaur and suggested that it was directly domesticated from gaur. However, some introgression of domestic cattle existed in current mithun populations. The presence of cattle mtDNA raised the question of how many cattle nuclear genes might have been integrated into the gene pool of mithun.     

农户储粮害虫发生规律观察

农户储粮害虫以玉米象、麦蛾、书虱为主,以户计算的发生率为100%,锈赤扁谷盗、赤拟谷盗、米扁虫、谷蠹的发生率依次是20%、16.7%、16.7%、13.3%。随着仓温不断上升,4月上中旬开始见到玉米象、麦蛾成虫活动;7月中旬至8月中旬,仓温上升至30℃,经过3~4个月的发育、繁殖,玉米象、麦蛾虫口密度大,成虫活动频繁,并一直维持到9月下旬至11月中旬。气温为0~8℃的12月,也有玉米象、麦蛾的成虫活动。由于农户粮堆较小、天敌较多,因此,农户储粮害虫防治应以装具、清洁为主,以储粮防护剂为辅。     

大额牛的生物学特征及研究开发利用潜力

 大额牛是中国唯一的半野生半家养的珍珍稀牛种,仅分布于云南省的独龙江和怒江流域，以及印度的阿萨姆邦、东孟加拉和与缅甸北部钦邦。根据国内外研究和多年调查认为：(1)大额牛（Bos frontalis）染色体的数目、形态、结构均不同于黄牛(Bos taurus)和野牛(Bos gaurus)，3者染色体数目(2n)分别为58，60和56条，在常染色体中黄牛没有近中着丝点染色体，野牛有两对，而大额牛有一对，染色体的臂数相等；（2）大额牛的食物以竹子、青蒿和杂草为主，饲料条件差，生存环境恶劣，但其生长速度快，0.5，1，1.5，2和3岁大额牛的体重可分别达140 kg，218 kg，264 kg，296 kg和342 kg；(3)大额牛具有较为典型的肉用牛体型和较好的产肉性能，且其肌纤维直径明显小于其它牛，牛肉的系水率、嫩度和多汁性明显高于其它牛；（4）繁殖力强，能繁母牛基本上可实现一年一胎，且可以与黄牛杂交。大额牛不仅具有极高的研究学术价值，而且有极大的开发利用价值。     

1.8%阿维菌素乳油防治斜纹夜蛾和烟青虫的药效试验

采用1.8%阿维菌素乳油对烟田斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura Fabricius)和烟青虫(Helicoverpa assulta Guenee)进行了田间药效试验.结果表明,该药剂对斜纹夜蛾和烟青虫均有良好的防治效果,药后3 d,2000倍液1.8%阿维菌素乳油对斜纹夜蛾和烟青虫的防治效果分别达92.32%和91.56%,显著低于3000倍液90%灭多威的防效(P<0.05);药后7 d,与灭多威相比,其药效无显著性差异(P>0.05).该药剂用于田间防治时,适宜稀释浓度为2 000倍,持效期为10 d左右.     

转CpTI基因不结球白菜的抗虫性表现

通过卡那霉素筛选、目的基因分子检测和生物学抗虫性鉴定 ,从转豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因不结球白菜遗传工程植株自交后代中选育出抗虫性可遗传的纯合材料。用室内人工饲喂方法 ,以鳞翅目小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾幼虫为靶害虫 ,对转基因植株进行抗虫性鉴定。试验结果显示 ,转CpTI基因纯合材料对 1～ 2龄小菜蛾和斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有抗性 ,但不同株系间和同一株系内植株间的抗虫性程度差异较大