外源ACC通过激活乙烯合成及信号转导诱导小豆抗锈性

大量研究表明, 乙烯可激发植物对死体营养型真菌的抗性, 但我们前期研究发现, 乙烯合成前体ACC可提高小豆对活体营养型真菌——锈菌的抗性, 为初步明确其机制, 本研究分析了ACC处理对小豆乙烯合成及信号转导的影响, 结果表明, ACC处理显著提高了乙烯合成基因VaACS1及信号通路关键基因VaEIN2?VaEIN3?VaERF5的表达水平?此外, ACC处理后再接种锈菌, 小豆锈病的发病程度显著降低?对接种锈菌后不同时间VaPR2和VaPR4的表达分析表明, 相比ACC处理后不接种对照, ACC处理后再接种锈菌的处理, 接种后1~5 d这两个基因表达量显著升高; 与水处理不接种锈菌相比, 水处理接种锈菌5~8 d后VaPR2和VaPR4的表达量虽显著上调, 但应答时间较ACC处理滞后, 且总体表达水平低, 表明ACC激活乙烯通路进而诱导防卫反应基因上调表达是其诱导小豆抗锈性的关键?     

Effects of naringenin on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM To observe the effect of naringenin on cardiac injury in ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） rats, and to explore whether the role of naringenin is involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways. METHODS SD rats （n=48） were randomly divided into sham operation （sham） group, model （I/R） group, naringenin treatment （NAR） group and naringenin+LY294002 （NL） group. Myocardial I/R injury model was prepared by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery of rats for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. After reperfusion, the serum levels of cardiac troponin I （cTnI） was measured by ELISA. HE staining, TTC staining and TUNEL staining were used to detect the myocardial histopathological changes, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate. The mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related indicators glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） and caspase-12 were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12, p-PI3K and p-AKT were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with I/R group, the serum content of cTnI, myocardial pathological damage, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased （P<0.05）, and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT were increased in NAR group （P<0.05）. LY294002 attenuated the protective effect of naringenin to some extent. CONCLUSION Naringenin reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats possibly by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and subsequently regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways.     

Ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae attenuates mouse acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride via modulation of NF-κB pathway

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae on acute liver injury, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS:Acute liver injury in mice was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 25% carbon tetrachloride (olive oil solubilization). The effective parts of ethanol extract from Cortex Albizziae against acute liver injury were screened. The pathological changes of the liver tissues were examined by pathological sections with HE staining. The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver tissues were detected, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were mea-sured by ELISA, and the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65, Bcl-2 and Bax in the liver cells of the mice in each group were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with model group, the serum levels of AST and ALT in low-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-L, 4 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group and high-dose n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae (AB-H, 8 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) group were significantly decreased. The necrosis extent and degree of the hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly lower than that in model group. Compared with model group, the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in AB-H group and AB-L group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein level of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei of mouse liver cells in AB-H group and AB-L group were also decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the protein expression of Bax was decreased, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased in AB-L group and AB-H group. CONCLUSION:The n-butanol phase of ethanol extract from Cortex Albiziae may protect the liver by reducing the activation of NF-κB p65, inhibiting the excessive release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and decreasing hepatocyte apoptosis via regulating Bcl-2 and Bax expression.     

3种水质调控方式下刺参池塘初级生产力的周年变化

通过对自然纳潮、微孔曝气、养水机池塘不同水层初级生产力及其相关参数的研究,分析养水机对初级生产力的影响。结果表明,3种水质调控方式池塘,初级生产力年均值、P/R值均以养水机池塘最高,微孔曝气池塘次之,自然纳潮池塘最低。养水机池塘、微孔曝气池塘、自然纳潮池塘的初级生产力年均值分别为(6.22±0.54)、(5.37±0.60)、(4.69±0.53) gO₂/(m²·d)。3种水质调控方式下,养水机池塘30～50 cm水层和50～100cm水层初级生产力差异不显著,而微孔曝气池塘和自然纳潮池塘这两水层之间初级生产力差异显著,且养水机池塘50～100 cm的水层初级生产力显著高于微孔曝气和自然纳潮池塘。研究表明,养水机能显著提高刺参池塘50 cm以下水层的初级生产力,缩小上层和下层初级生产力之间的差距,从而提高池塘水体总初级生产力,为刺参饵料和池塘物质快速循环提供基本保障。     

水杨酸对大丽花多酚氧化酶的影响

目的探讨如何提高大丽花的抗病性．方法以大丽花为实验材料,使用水杨酸（SA）叶面喷施处理方式,分析在水杨酸处理其植株叶片后,随时间变化,不同浓度的水杨酸对PPO活性的影响,为研究大丽花的抗病性提供实验依据．结果本品种大丽花的PPO最适pH为5．8;SA对大丽花PPO有一定的影响．用低于0．5mmol／L的SA处理后的大丽花,PPO活性无显著影响;1～2mmol／L的SA对PPO活性起促进作用,并且于24h达到高峰;而3mmol／L的SA对PPO活性起明显的抑制作用．而用以上几组浓度的SA处理大丽花后,PPO活性在48～60h之后逐渐恢复到未处理状态．结论外源SA对大丽花进行处理后对PPO活性在一定时间内有诱导作用．     

Up-regulation of miR-181a attenuates releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV,fibronectin and α-SMA in human bronchial epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of microRNA-181a (miR-181a) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced the productions of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). METHODS: CSE-induced miR-181a expression was detected by RT-qPCR in the HBECs. After tansfected with miR-181a mimic, the releases of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by ELISA, the protein expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA was determined by Western blot. The activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway was also evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: CSE increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1 and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA, and decreased the expression of miR-181a in the HBECs (P<0.05). However, transfected with miR-181a mimic partially prevented the releases of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1, and inhibited the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA (P<0.05). Additionally, the activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 evoked by CSE was attenuated after transfected with miR-181a mimic. CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of miR-181a prevents the releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA in the HBECs, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.     

拟南芥T1N6_22在抵抗Pst DC3000侵染过程中的功能分析

【目的】明确拟南芥抗灰霉病基因T1N6_22在抗Pst DC3000过程中的功能,分析T1N6_22影响拟南芥对Pst DC3000的抗性原因。【方法】对t1n6_22突变体和转基因回复突变体（t1n6_22/T1N6_22）接种Pst DC3000,检测其症状;采用间苯胺蓝染色法检测接种突变体中胼胝质的积累情况;测定接种叶片中Pst DC3000的生长量,明确T1N6_22在拟南芥抗Pst DC3000过程中的功能。利用RT-PCR技术,检测SA、JA和ET对T1N6_22表达的影响及T1N6_22对抗病防御相关基因表达的影响;利用quantitative real-time PCR技术,检测Pst DC3000对T1N6_22及抗病相关基因表达的影响,分析T1N6_22影响拟南芥对Pst DC3000的抗性原因。【结果】t1n6_22突变体接种Pst DC3000后表现明显的抗病症状,而回复突变体t1n6_22/T1N6_22和拟南芥野生型表现明显的感病症状。SA处理拟南芥野生型,T1N6_22的表达量明显增强,经JA和ACC处理,该基因的表达量无显著变化。t1n6_22突变体中,PAL、PR4、PPO、SOD和CAT的表达水平均明显高于野生型Col-0和转基因回复植株。接种Pst DC3000后,拟南芥野生型中T1N6_22及抗病相关基因PR1、PR3、PR5和PDF1.2的表达量明显增强。【结论】T1N6_22在拟南芥抗Pst DC3000过程中起负调控作用,T1N6_22的表达受SA诱导,可能主要通过调节植物的次生代谢产物的分泌影响拟南芥对Pst DC3000的抗性。     

干扰lnc23后牛骨骼肌卫星细胞转录组测序的生物信息学分析

试验旨在分析lnc23在调控牛骨骼肌卫星细胞分化过程中转录组水平的变化,筛选出可能参与调节骨骼肌卫星细胞生长的调控通路及相关mRNAs。采用第二代测序技术（next-generation sequencing,NGS）基于Illumia hiSeq测序平台对成功构建的lnc23抑制模型及相应对照组的牛骨骼肌卫星细胞进行转录组测序,将数据整理、过滤及评估后,通过生物信息学方法分析样品间基因转录差异表达,对这些差异基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,并应用实时荧光定量PCR技术对转录组数据结果进行验证。结果显示,转录组测序共鉴定到19 358个基因,筛选到1 297个差异表达基因,其中上调856个,下调441个。差异基因的GO功能分析共包括细胞组分、分子功能和生物学过程3大类222个分支,其中有大量的差异基因与催化活性、分子功能调节、信号转导、生物黏附、新陈代谢相关。KEGG分析显示,差异基因共涉及190个通路,显著富集在PI3K-Akt、P53、TNF、RIG-Ⅰ样受体、神经活性配体受体互作、细胞因子互作等信号通路上,进一步从中筛选出可能参与细胞生长、肌肉发育过程的差异基因,如CCNA2、RRM2、IL-6、MYL2等。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,所选的11个差异基因中有9个与转录组测序结果变化一致,表明了测序结果的可靠性。本试验完成了干扰lnc23及其对照后牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的转录组测序分析,获取差异基因的功能注释信息,初步揭示lnc23调控牛骨骼肌卫星细胞分化的潜在基因和通路,为深入探究lnc23调控牛骨骼肌卫星细胞的分化机制打下良好的基础。     

水分胁迫下水杨酸对大麦幼苗抗氧化能力的影响

水杨酸是一种与植物逆境生理密切相关的生长调节物质.研究选取普通大麦为实验材料,通过不同浓度的外源水杨酸处理,考察其在水分胁迫下对大麦幼苗抗氧化能力的影响.结果表明,水杨酸的作用具有双重性:低浓度的水杨酸(＜0.30 mmol/L)可以改善水分胁迫下大麦幼苗的水分状况,并且降低丙二醛含量,维持较低水平的蛋白质羰基含量,减...     

Testing assumptions of cost surface analysis—a tool for invasive species management

Applied ecology could benefit from new tools that identify potential movement pathways of invasive species, particularly where data are sparse. Cost surface analysis (CSA) estimates the permeability (friction) across a landscape and can be applied to dispersal modelling. Increasingly used in a diversity of applications, several fundamental assumptions that might influence the outputs of CSA (cost surfaces and least-cost pathways) have yet to be systematically examined. Thus, we explore two issues: the presumed relationship between habitat preferences and dispersal behaviour as well as the degree of landscape fragmentation through which an organism moves by modelling a total of 18 sensitivity and dispersal scenarios. We explored the effect of fragmentation by altering the friction values (generally assigned using expert opinion) associated with patch and linear features. We compared these sensitivity scenarios in two sites that differed in fragmentation. We also used eastern grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) as an example invading species and compared diffusion models and two contrasting cost surface dispersal scenarios. The diffusion model underestimated spread because squirrels did not move randomly through the landscape. Despite contrasting assumptions regarding dispersal behaviour, the two cost surfaces were strikingly similar while the least-cost paths differed. Furthermore, while the cost surfaces were insensitive to changes in friction values for linear features, they were sensitive to assumptions made for patch features. Our results suggest that movement in fragmented landscapes may be more sensitive to assumptions regarding friction values than contiguous landscapes. Thus, the reliability of CSA may depend not only on the range of friction values used for patches but also the degree of contiguity in the landscape.