盐碱胁迫下植物生理和钙信号通路分子机制的研究进展

土壤的盐化和碱化往往伴随发生,在盐碱胁迫下,植物会遭受许多类型的非生物胁迫,严重影响植物的正常生长发育.本综述首先介绍了盐碱土的分类;其次从四个方面对植物在盐碱胁迫下体内产生相应生理机制进行详细介绍;接下来以植物在盐碱胁迫下产生的钙信号为重点进行阐述,包括植物首个非离子通道型盐胁迫下离子感受器GIPCs的发现、盐碱胁迫...     

雷竹OsFCA同源基因的克隆与序列分析

分别以雷竹嫩叶的基因组DNA和幼穗的cDNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增出长为490bp及262bp的片段。序列分析结果表明,该基因序列包含1个长为228bp的内含子。其编码区共编Ns86个氨基酸。其氨基酸序列与水稻中OsFCA、小麦中TaFCA的一致性分别为79．8％与69．9％,表明雷伢中可能存在调控开花的自主调控途径。     

miRNA-7 inhibits proliferation of human nasopharyngeal 5-8F carcinoma cells via EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway

AIM:To investigate the relationship of microRNA-7 (miRNA-7) over-expression and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphatidylinositol kinase-3 (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB, also called Akt) pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cells. METHODS:The 5-8F cells were transfected with miRNA-7 mimics (carrying by Lipofectamine 2000). The expression of miRNA-7 was detected by real-time PCR. The cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The cell colony-forming capability was determined by cell colony formation test. The expression of EGFR/PI3K/Akt at mRNA and protein levels was examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS:The expression level of miRNA-7 was significantly increased in 5-8F cells compared with negative control (NC) group and control group (P<0.01). The proliferation of NPC 5-8F cells was decreased extremely after tansfected with the miRNA-7 mimics (P<0.01), so did the result of the cell colony-formation test. The expression of EGFR/PI3K/Akt at mRNA and protein levels was significantly down-regulated compared with NC group and control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Over-expression of miRNA-7 significantly inhibits the proliferation and colony-forming ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cells by down-regulation of EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway.     

丙酸盐在反刍动物中的应用

丙酸盐是一类高效、安全的添加剂,具有防霉、防腐和治疗疾病等功能,广泛应用于饲料加工业。丙酸盐在瘤胃中可分解为丙酸和矿物元素,其中丙酸是其主要的有效成分。丙酸盐可促进瘤胃发育,参与血糖调节,维持能量平衡,因此,生产中丙酸盐可用于治疗酮病。当前,有关丙酸盐的试验大多还停留在瘤胃灌注阶段,体外试验集中在肝脏糖异生途径上,围绕能量代谢展开,而有关在生产性能和发酵水平的研究较少。随着短链脂肪酸在医学领域的深入探索,为其在畜牧业中的应用带来了新的契机,丙酸是否具有促进瘤胃发育、缓解炎症及增强免疫的能力有待进一步探究和验证。作者主要介绍了丙酸盐的代谢途径与作用机制,并结合生产性能和维持健康两方面阐述了丙酸盐在反刍动物营养上的应用,揭示了丙酸盐的潜在价值,以期为其在反刍动物领域的应用提供科学依据。     

金针菇单核体DAN3和M与其杂交双核体G1菌丝阶段基因表达差异的转录组初步分析

以金针菇(Flammulinavelutipes)单核菌株DAN3的基因组为参考,完成单核体DAN3和M及其杂交双核体G1在菌丝阶段的转录组测序与数据分析,比较两个样本间的差异基因,并对差异基因进行GO功能分析和KEGG pathway分析.结果表明:两个样本中共有显著性差异表达的基因86个,其中,在G1中呈上调、下调表达的基因数分别为41、45个,有2个基因在G1中特异表达.GO功能分析结果表明,86个差异基因中有40个基因比对上了GO功能注释,其中18个基因在G1中呈上调表达;单一生物过程和催化活性为显著性富集的功能,相关基因在G1中呈上调表达.KEGG pathway分析结果表明,22个差异基因被定位到17条Pathway,其中10个基因在G1中呈上调表达,包括赖氨酸代谢途径对应基因,3_M和G1菌丝样品中赖氨酸含量分别为1.70×103 ng/mg和1.06×103 ng/mg,说明G1中上调的基因可能与之降解相关;DNA复制是显著性富集的代谢途径,相关基因在G1中呈下调表达.     

典型浓度路径(RCP)情景下长江中下游地区气温变化预估

为探明典型浓度路径下(高端路径RCP8.5和稳定路径RCP4.5)长江中下游地区未来30a平均气温的时空变化趋势和分布特征,运用联合国政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)AR5提出的模拟能力较强的BCC-CSM1-1(Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version1-1)气候系统模式,基于典型浓度情景RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway)输出的2021-2050年0.5×0.5格点主要气象要素的逐日模式模拟数据资料,应用双线性内插法降尺度到长江中下游及邻近区域62个基本气象站点。以1961-1990为基准年,根据同期等长模拟数据和观测数据的非线性函数关系建立订正模型,并利用方差订正法对2021-2050年模拟数据进行误差订正。结果表明:RCP情景输出数据的模拟效果良好,方差订正可降低模拟值与观测值的相对误差和方差,更加真实反应未来气候变化趋势。RCP8.5和RCP4.5两种排放情景下,长江中下游地区2021-2050年年平均气温均呈显著上升趋势,增温幅度总体表现为自南向北逐渐减少。就季节而言,四季均呈现升温趋势,夏季增温幅度最高,变化倾向率大,春冬两季RCP8.5情景下增温幅度大于RCP4.5下,夏秋季则相反;RCP8.5情景下,研究区域年平均气温呈现自中部向东西递减,春夏季增温幅度高于秋季,冬季增温幅度最小,且变化倾向率低,大部分地区未通过0.05水平的显著性检验。RCP4.5情景下,研究区年平均气温自北向南逐渐降低,变化倾向率则表现为北部大于南部,夏季变化速率较大,增温幅度达1.2℃·10a~(-1)(P0.01),冬季较小且未通过显著性检验。     

基于REE示踪的土壤团聚体破碎转化路径定量表征

土壤团聚体破碎转化路径是坡面侵蚀过程研究的难点问题之一。目前团聚体破碎转化路径的定量表征仍不明晰,一定程度上限制了土壤侵蚀过程中泥沙分选搬运机制的深入研究。基于大样带调查选取6种不同质地的典型农耕地土壤为研究对象,结合稀土元素(Rare Earth Elements,REE)示踪方法,综合分析不同粒径土壤团聚体(5~2,2~1,1~0.5,0.5~0.25,<0.25 mm)和不同径流扰动周期(24 h,7天)对REE吸附和解吸能力的影响,探究REE示踪不同粒径土壤团聚体破碎转化的可行性,定量表征了土壤团聚体破碎转化路径。结果表明:REE与土壤团聚体的实际吸附浓度低于施放浓度,2~1,1~0.5,0.5~0.25,<0.25 mm土壤团聚体的REE吸附浓度与黏粒含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);径流扰动影响对吸附于土壤团聚体的REE解吸作用十分微弱,解吸浓度仅占REE实际吸附浓度的0.001%~0.139%。5~2,2~1,1~0.5,05~0.25,<0.25 mm土壤团聚体经过湿筛后向各粒径转化的路径基本相同,向<0.25 mm微团聚体转化为土壤团聚体破碎的主要路径。相较于粉粒、黏粒含量较高的土壤团聚体,砂粒含量较高的土壤团聚体向1~0.5,0.5~0.25 mm粒径的转化贡献率整体偏低。基于REE示踪得到的>0.25 mm各粒径团聚体质量整体被低估,低估范围为-27.96%^-11.08%;而<0.25 mm团聚体质量则被高估,高估范围为3.65%~22.73%。基于各粒径土壤团聚体的REE量化值建立了校正关系,可将计算相对误差降低至0.04%~16.24%。     

一株乙草胺降解菌株M-3的分离鉴定及其代谢途径的初步研究

乙草胺是一种广谱、高效的酰胺类除草剂,由于乙草胺具有较长的降解周期,还有不易挥发、不易光解、易残留的特点,如果过量、频繁使用,对人、动植物均有一定的毒害作用。为了探讨乙草胺的微生物降解机理,本研究从长期受乙草胺污染的土壤中分离到一株能降解乙草胺的菌株M-3,该菌株能以乙草胺为唯一碳源生长。通过菌落表型、生理生化特征和菌株16SrRNA基因序列的相似性分析,将其鉴定为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas sp.)。在室内条件下,运用HPLC和HPLC-MS分析方法,研究了菌株M-3对乙草胺的降解特性,并对其代谢途径做了初步的研究。结果表明,菌株M-3在5d内对浓度为50mg/L的乙草胺的降解率可达76.6%。M-3降解乙草胺的最适温度和最适pH值分别为30℃和7.0。在对代谢产物结果进行分析的基础上推测了M-3降解乙草胺的途径,将产物鉴定为2-乙基-6-甲基-2-氯乙酰苯胺。该研究为乙草胺污染的生物修复提供了理论依据。     

Soil aggregate formation and stability induced by starch and cellulose

Soil aggregate (SA) can be formed and stabilized when soil organic matter (SOM) is decomposed in the soil. However, the relationships between the SA dynamics and SOM with different decomposition rates have not been clarified. Therefore, this study examined the effects of the addition of polysaccharides to soil on SA formation and stability. A Japanese tropical soil was incubated for 99 d at 30 °C in a dark environment following the addition of 0.5% (w/w) starch or cellulose. The decomposition rates of the amendments, and SA formation and stability were evaluated by measuring soil respiration rates, and distribution fractions of soil aggregate sizes and mean weight diameter (MWD) of SA, respectively. The cumulative soil respirations with all treatments rapidly increased until Day 12 of the incubation. The initial slope of the cumulative soil respiration in the soil with starch was significantly higher than that in the soil with cellulose. In either soil with starch or cellulose, the fractions of macro-aggregates (>1000 μm in diameter) significantly increased, respectively, compared with control soil. However, the fractions of meso-aggregates (250–1000 μm) and nano-aggregate (<20 μm) in the soil with starch significantly decreased, while those fractions in the soil with cellulose fluctuated until Day 6. The MWDs reached the maximum on Day 6, indicating the SA formation in the soils with starch or cellulose. The increasing rate of the SA formation in the starch-amended soil was greatly higher than that in the cellulose-amended soil. After Day 6, the MWDs in the soils with either polysaccharide decreased with similar trends with no significant differences between treatments, indicating similar stability of the SA in both treatments. This study showed that the different decomposability of the organic amendments might influence the SA formation differently, but not the SA stability.     

Density separation of soil organic matter across three land uses in calcareous soils of Iran

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of physical and chemical fractionation in quantifying soil organic matter (SOM) in different stabilized fraction pools. Soil samples from three land use types in Lorestan province, Southwest Iran were examined to account for the amount of organic carbon and nitrogen in different SOM fractions. Size/density separation and chemical oxidation methods were applied to separate the SOM fractions including particulate organic matter (POM), Si + C (silt and clay), DOC (dissolved organic C), rSOM (oxidation-resistant organic carbon and nitrogen) and S + SA (sand and stable aggregates). The values obtained for TOC, TN, and HWC were highest in forest lands followed by the range and agricultural lands. Among the SOM fractions, S + SA showed the highest values (5.75, 5.77 and 20.6 g kg^?1 for agriculture, range and forest lands respectively) followed by POM, Si + C, rSOM, and DOC. The concentrations of C and N in the labile fractions obtained the higher values than in the stabilized fractions. Forest lands had the highest amounts of organic C and N among all fractions whereas agricultural lands showed highest values for inorganic C content of soils in different fractions.