山莓叶中茶多酚的提取工艺研究

用正交实验方法研究了从山莓叶中提取茶多酚的提取工艺,得到了提取茶多酚的最佳工艺条件。该工艺条件具有操作简单、产量高、无毒无污染、成本低等特点。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dittrichia viscosa</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rubus ulmifolius</Emphasis> as reservoirs of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) and the role of certain Coccinellid species

The role of the self-sown shrubsDittrichia viscosa (L.) W. Greuter andRubus ulmifolius Schott as reservoirs of aphid parasitoids was investigated. In the field studies conducted,D. viscosa grew adjacent to crops of durum wheat and barley andR. ulmifolius grew adjacent to cotton. The relative abundance of the parasitoids of(a) Capitophorus inulae (Passerini) onD. viscosa, (b) Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) on durum wheat and barley,(c) Aphis ruborum (Börner) onR. ulmifolius, and(d) Aphis gossypii Glover on cotton in various parts of Greece, was assessed during the years 1996–2000. In 2000, the fluctuation of parasitization of the above four aphid species was recorded and the action of the aphidophagous predators of the family Coccinellidae was studied. It was observed thatAphidius matricariae Haliday predominated onC. inulae andR. padi in all sampling cases. In contrast,Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) was the dominant species parasitizingA. ruborum onR. ulmifolius andA. gossypii on cotton in Thessaly (central Greece) and Macedonia (northern Greece), whereasLysiphlebus confusus Tremblay et Eady andBinodoxys acalephae (Marshall) were the dominant parasitoid species in Thrace (northern Greece).Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus was the most abundant coccinellid species on durum wheat, whereasAdonia variegata (Goeze) predominated on cotton. However, coccinellid individuals were scarce on bothD. viscosa andR. ulmifolius. The present study indicated that these two shrubs can be regarded as useful reservoirs of aphid parasitoids.     

Further evidence on the effects of gene H,which confers cane hairyness,on resistance to raspberry diseases

Summary Gene H determines cane hairyness in raspberries and was reported to facilitate escape from infection by Botrytis cinerea and Didymella applanata. However, experiments with mycelial inoculations of wounded canes showed that it conferred a form of resistance which was evident for a long period after the establishment of infections by these pathogens. The gene also contributed to the resistance of fruit to B. cinerea and of canes to Leptosphaeria coniothyrium. Alternative hypotheses to explain these observations are discussed: two based upon its possible genetic linkage with a gene or genes for resistance and one based upon its possible pleiotropic effects.     

Resistance to cane spot (Elsinoë veneta) in the red raspberry and its relationship to resistance to yellow rust (Phragmidium rubi-idaei)

Summary Varying degrees of resistance to cane spot were recorded among red raspberries in two cultivar trials and in 15 segregating families. The inheritance of resistance was studied, and the effect of gene H which determines the presence of cane hairs was assessed in eight of the families. The 0 to 5 scale used to record disease incidence was found to approximate to a logarithmic scale for the range of 0 to 93 cane spots per cane. Gene H and h phenotypes averaged scores of 3.05 and 2.42 respectively, but other genes independent of these had more influence on resistance. The latter genes appeared to be largely dominant. The possibility is discussed that one of them was a major gene with a large effect, but the evidence was equivocal in the absence of discontinuity in the expression of resistance. Resistance to yellow rust was studied in five of the families and was highly correlated with resistance to cane spot. Gene H had more influence on this disease, the mean counts of telia per unit leaf area for H and h segregates being 17.1 and 4.1 respectively.     

添加悬钩子果实对精酿啤酒抗氧化性、理化指标和香气的影响

悬钩子属植物的果实多为浆果,富含抗氧化物质,具有极高的营养价值。为探究添加悬钩子果实对精酿啤酒品质的影响,开展了添加华东覆盆子药材果（质量分数为0.3%）和黑莓鲜果（10%）2种类型悬钩子果实对精酿啤酒的抗氧化活性、理化成分和香气影响的研究。结果表明,添加2种悬钩子果实的啤酒在2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼基（2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率、2,2'-联氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基清除率和铁离子还原力3项抗氧化指标上分别达到对照组的1.53倍、5.33倍和1.79倍,总多酚和花色苷含量相较于对照组分别提高了0.04和11.30 mg/L。GC-MS分析结果显示,添加悬钩子果实显著提高了啤酒香气物质的含量及种类。感官品评分析表明,同时添加覆盆子药材果和黑莓鲜果混合酿造的精酿啤酒口感最好。因此,适当添加悬钩子果实对提高精酿啤酒品质及香气具有积极影响,这不仅进一步促进了悬钩子果实的开发利用,更为精酿啤酒的多元化发展奠定了一定的理论基础。     

黔产野生插秧泡果实的营养成分及其利用价值

为判断插秧泡果实能否作为保健水果进行开发利用,对比分析了黔产插秧泡果实和苹果的营养成分。结果表明:插秧泡果实中氨基酸含量为6.16%,必需氨基酸含量达40.2%;矿物质元素含量丰富;维生素B2、维生素E含量为1.3mg/100g、6.6mg/100g;插秧泡果实营养成分含量均远高于苹果,且其中砷、汞、铅的含量均低于食品卫生标准的限量规定。因此,黔产插秧泡果实具有较高的营养价值和医疗保健作用,可作为保健水果进行合理开发利用。