月季RcLEA基因表达提高大肠杆菌对非生物胁迫耐性

[目的]研究RcLEA基因在月季品种中热诱导表达模式及RcLEA基因对多种非生物胁迫耐性。[方法]将耐热和不耐热月季品种进行38℃/3h热激处理,研究RCLEA基因在月季品种中的热诱导。表达模式;为验证月季RcLEA基因功能,将其转化E.coliBL21,将重组菌株BL21分别置于4℃、50℃及LiCl、NaCl、Na2CO3、CdCl2、H2O2胁迫下,研究重组菌株对高温、低温及非生物胁迫的响应。[结果]38℃/3h热激处理后,该基因在耐热月季品种‘曼海姆宫殿’（Schlossmannieim,SM）、‘赌城’（Lasvegas,LV）中强表达,而在不耐热品种‘新十全’（Kordes＇Perfecta,KP）弱表达或不表达,表明该基因与月季耐热性关系密切。重组菌株提高了寄主大肠杆菌对高温、低温、重金属、高盐、高pH值、氧化等非生物胁迫的耐性,表明RcLEA参与了上述非生物胁迫的响应。[结论]该研究为后续该基因导入不耐热月季品种提高月季耐热品质及其机理研究提供了思路,也为月季等园林观赏植物的耐热品种筛选提供了理论支持。     

微型月季的组培快繁技术

微型月季是一种目前流行的微型花卉种质资源,其应用市场前景广阔、潜力巨大,利用组织培养技术进行微型月季的快速繁殖具有重要意义。详细阐述了微型月季组培快繁过程中应注意的若干技术环节。     

Cold storage of oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) flowers

Oil rose flowers were stored at 0 °C in four different packaging materials [plastic box + stretch film (PB + SF), Xtend^®, Smartbag^® and polyethylene (PE)] for 60 days. During storage, weight loss, O₂ and CO₂ concentrations in the packages, petal color and sensorial attributes were investigated besides essential oil content and composition. Storage duration and packages had significant (p < 0.01) effects on weight loss. At the end of storage, the lowest weight loss was in PE package (1.696%) whereas the highest weight loss was in Xtend^® (10.081%). The essential oil content was significantly (p < 0.01) affected by storage duration and packages. In addition, the essential oil contents obtained from all packages for a storage period of 10 days and the essential oil contents obtained from unstored (control) petals were included in the same group. At the end of storage, the essential oil contents decreased by 91.3, 57.7, 80.0 and 64.3% in PB + SF, Xtend^®, Smartbag^® and PE packages, respectively as compared to control. In addition, storage duration and package types significantly (p < 0.01) affected petal color, O₂ and CO₂ concentrations in the packages and sensorial scores. The concentration of citronellol, a main component of rose oil, increased in all packages during storage of 10 days in comparison to the control group while it varied in other storage durations and package types. However, nerol and geraniol were lower than the control group during storage while concentrations of nonadecane, heneicosane and eicosane were higher. In conclusion, loss of oil yield and quality, due to various reasons and particularly due to fermentation in oil rose from the harvest of petals to their distillation, can be minimized with storage of petals in all package types for up to 10 days.     

Isolation and Screening of Black Spot-Resistant Endophytic Fungi Strains from Rosa chinensis

[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and screen black-spot-resistant en- dophytic fungi strains. [Method] Various species of healthy Rosa chinensis were col- lected from Xi＇an, Xianyang, Baoji and Weinan City in Shaanxi Province. Endophytic fungi was isolated from stems and leaves, and purified by 2-3 times of inoculation to screen endophytic fungi antagonistic to Marssonina rosae with modified punching method. [Result] Samples collected from Xianyang exhibited the highest colonization rate and isolation rate; endophytic fungi strains isolated from stems presented the highest colonization rate and isolation rate compared with leaves. A total of 67 en- dophytic fungi strains were isolated from Rosa chinensis, including 3 black spot-re- sistant strains which were all derived from Baoji. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for further screening candidate strains of biocontrol fungi and environ- ment-friendly fungal biological control.     

刺梨渣制备刺梨果醋的工艺优化

为将刺梨渣变废为宝,以刺梨渣为主要原料研制刺梨果醋,在单因素考察的基础上采用正交试验对醋酸发酵工艺进行优化.结果表明:果酒酒精度为5°,菌种加入量为10％,发酵温度为30℃的条件下,发酵10 d后所得果醋酸度最高,为2.79 g/100mL.调制后的刺梨果醋饮料呈金黄色,具有刺梨的独特香气,口感良好,酸甜爽口.     

2种木香花的自然香气成分分析与香型评价

采用全自动热脱附-气相色谱-质谱(ATD-GC-MS)联用法,首次对习见观赏芳香藤本白木香花(Rosa bankisae var.bankisae)和黄木香花(Rosa bankisae var.lutea)的鲜花自然香气成分进行了测定和分析。结果表明,白木香花挥发性成分检出83种,主要包括醇类(24.23%)、脂肪烃类(17.75%)、萜烯类(17.18%)、酮类(16.76%)和酯类(16.13%),其中重要香成分为苯甲醇、β-石竹烯、β-紫罗兰酮、乙酸苄酯、乙酸己酯、香叶基丙酮、紫苏烯、β-二氢紫罗兰酮、α-紫罗兰酮和乙酸叶醇酯;黄木香花挥发性成分检出68种,与白木香花成分种类相似性为85.29%,但相对含量差异大,以萜烯类(58.65%)、脂肪烃类(17.40%)和酯类(15.44%)为主,其中重要香成分为罗勒烯、β-石竹烯、紫苏烯、α-金合欢烯、乙酸叶醇酯、乙酸己酯、(E)-2-己烯乙酸酯、γ-松油烯、乙酸戊酯和乙酸苄酯。香型评价显示,白木香花鲜花属于果香花香型,类似茉莉花头香,具有潜在的香料开发价值;而黄木香花鲜花属于辛香药草香型,适于配置芳香保健园林。     

云南香格里拉特有易危植物中甸刺玫的表型多样性

 利用形态学指标对云南香格里拉县现存的中甸刺玫（Rosa praelucens Byhouwer）3 个天然居 群、1 个由引种植株构成的“引种”群体和1 个由零星散生在农家的植株所构成“农家”群体进行了表型 多样性研究。结果表明：（1）和平村天然居群的植株最高,花最大,果实最大,种子数量最多且百粒质 量最大。乃司村天然居群的叶片小叶数最多,叶片连叶柄最长,果梗最长,但果实最小,种子百粒质量 最轻。联合村天然居群的花色最红且变异最丰富。“农家”群体的植株冠幅最大,花瓣数最多且变异最丰 富。“引种”群体的株高、冠幅、小叶片和花径等的均值最小但变异系数较大,花色最淡,种子数最少。 （2）中甸刺玫种内存在着丰富的表型变异,23 个表型性状的变异系数均值为22.88%,平均表型分化系 数为69.56%,群体间的变异是其表型变异的主要来源。（3）目前引种的植株和自然散生在农家庭院的植 株主要分别从乃司村和联合村人为地直接或间接采集并单独保存下来。基于中甸刺玫的表型多样性及变 异特征,应尽可能地保护较多的居群;从资源利用的角度则应尽量保护群体的完整性以保存其群体内所 蕴藏的观赏性状。     

观果型玫瑰新品种‘美果玫AF’

 ‘美果玫AF’是从玫瑰种群中选育出的观果型新品种。花色紫红,单瓣。果实红色扁圆形,长径1.96 ~ 2.48 cm,最长3.48 cm,短径小于1.5 cm。果期较长,从5月可挂果至10月。具有较高的观花和观果价值。     

不同海拔来源宽刺蔷薇的光合日变化及其生理机制

以来源于不同海拔高度的3个新疆宽刺蔷薇1年生实生苗为材料,在引种地北京测定光合作用日变化以及13:00的荧光参数、抗氧化生理指标.结果表明,来源不同海拔的宽刺蔷薇植株都在9:00以后出现净光合速率的持续降低,在上午受到气孔限制,中午则主要受非气孔限制,即PS Ⅱ反应中心活性的影响.各植株在13:00均受到不同程度的光抑制,与来源中、低海拔植株相比,来源高海拔的植株PS Ⅱ反应中心活性与热耗散能力均显著降低,即发生了更显著的光抑制效应;POD、APX酶活性以及AsA/DHA等酶类和非酶类抗氧化物质在高海拔来源植株中显著升高,以抵抗光氧化胁迫,但仍然造成了过剩的活性氧累积以及植物组织的膜脂过氧化伤害.     

皖西野生金樱子的初步研究

本文对皖西野生金樱子的生物学特性、营养成分及开发利用的价值等方面进行了初步研究。结果表明，金樱子果实含有丰富的营养物质，尤其富含Ｖｃ，是一种有待开发而且开发潜力很大的野生资源。