TISSUE CULTURE OF ROSA CHINENSIS VAR.FLORIBUNDA

INTRODUCTI0NScIllossManl1hcin1-t"hicl1isbclongtoRosaccacan`lRo.vol.'I1asbeautifulcolorandgoodt1oxtcrshapcltsflottcrlngpcrlod1sverylong(2~3mol1tl1s)SchlossMannhclmcanli"cundcrdiffcrcntcli1natcc0nditionsandcanbccultlX'atcdinpotandpla11tcdal0ngstrccts.Thctissueculturcn1ethod\"astlscdinthISstudy'f0rincrcasingpropagationratcofSclllossMannhcin1.MATERIALSANDMETHO0SExPcrimcntaIMatcriaIsScl1IossMa11nI1cll111\asscIcctcdIYon1grccnhousclnAugustof1`j()4Fulla11dunsproutll1gbudsxtcrctakc…     

盆栽朱蕉和月季N、P、K施肥比例初探

以观叶植物朱蕉和观花植物月季为试材进行施肥最佳Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例的选择。分别设４个Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例，３个施肥量。朱蕉以Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例为１６－１６－１６的处理最佳，对促进朱蕉株高生长的最大效率比硝酸磷肥提高了４２％。硝酸磷肥及４种Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例（１６－１６－１６，２２－１０－１０，２０－１０－１１，２１－１１－１１）的最佳施肥量分别为４、２、２、４、２ｇ／盆·２０天。月季以Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ比例为１８－８－１７为最佳。硝酸磷肥及４种比例（１６－１６－１６，１５－１５－２１，１４－１１－１２，１８－８－１７）的最佳施肥量分别为８、１２、４、４ｇ／盆·２０天。且Ａ１处理（１６－１６－１６）可使土壤ｐＨ值由偏碱性变为微酸性，Ｂ４处理（１８－８－１７）随施肥量的增加使土壤ｐＨ值逐渐降低。     

Variation for plant characters and for performance of softwood cuttings of Rosa canina ‘Inermis’ seedlings

Summary Thirty, one-season-old Rosa canina Inermis seedlings (8–12 mm in diameter) were grown in the greenhouse. After 5 months, single-node softwood cuttings were made of each plant. Analysis of variance demonstrated marked differences between the internode length, number of leaflets per leaf and the leaf area of the original seedling, and between the time of axillary bud-break, axillary sprout length and weight of adventitious roots of their 23-day-old cuttings. Clonal root weight of cuttings was highly significantly correlated with: number of leaflets per leaf (r=–0.65), leaf area (r=+0.65), and days to axillary bud-break (r=+0.62). The origin of heterogeneity among Inermis seedling rootstocks, its probable effect on the flower production of cut roses and its possible use in the selection for clonal rootstocks are discussed.     

Spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla in Rosa multiflora and R. indica

The spectrum and inheritance of resistance to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla was studied in the diploid species Rosa multiflora and R. indica. The host suitability of seven rose rootstocks, namely five R. multiflora (K2, K1, Floradale, CE63 and CE65) and two R. indica (CE35 and Maroc) clonal accessions, was evaluated using four geographic isolates of M. hapla. Plants grown under greenhouse conditions were tested at high and durable inoculum pressure of nematodes and rated for nematode infestation five months after inoculation on a 0–5 gall index. Different host suitabilities to M. hapla were demonstrated depending on the nematode isolates: in R. multiflora, the clone K2 had a resistant (R) response to all isolates; the clone K1 ranged from intermediate (I) (isolate ‘Canada’) to resistant (other isolates), Floradale was shown to be intermediate, whereas CE63 and CE65 were moderate to good hosts (H). In R. indica, both rootstocks were good to excellent hosts for the isolate Canada but resistant to all three other isolates, thus expressing an isolate‐specific resistance. A study on the genetics of resistance in R. multiflora to the M. hapla isolate Canada was then conducted using an incomplete diallel cross involving all previous clones except Floradale. A total of 120 hybrid individuals belonging to several progenies representing the cross combinations R × I, R × H, I × H and H × H were evaluated. Individuals of each progeny generally ranged into a monomodal distribution that suggests polygenic inheritance of resistance. In the family Rosaceae, the differences in the resistance genetics to the meiotic species M. hapla and to the mitotic species, M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica are discussed in relation to the reproductive status of the nematodes.     

不同基因型刺梨及其近缘种亲缘关系的RAPD分析*

采用RAPD标记，对刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Tratt)7个基因型及8个近缘种(类型)进行鉴定和亲缘关系分析。结果表明，筛选出的16个随机引物可扩增出137条480bp到3.3kb大小的清晰。DNA片段，其中95条为多态性片段，为总数的69．3％；每个引物平均产生8．6条。由OPB-11、OPAF-16和OPW-02扩增的14条特异DNA片段，可有效地将普通刺梨7个基因型和无籽刺梨区分开来。基于遗传距离矩阵，采用IJPGMA法对15个供试样品的亲缘关系进行了聚类分析，文中还就无籽刺梨及重瓣刺梨的可能来源进行了探讨。     

玫瑰新品种‘红灯’、‘串珠’嫩枝扦插繁殖技术研究

以玫瑰的嫩枝为试材,采用L9（34）正交试验设计,分析激素种类、基质种类、激素浓度和处理时间对玫瑰扦插生根的影响。结果表明：激素浓度对生根影响最大,其次是基质和激素种类,处理时间对生根的影响最小。最佳组合为：100mg/LIBA处理插穗5min,蛭石做基质。     

樱草蔷薇种实性状的观察与测定

以庭院栽植的樱草蔷薇为材料,对种实与观赏性状进行观测与研究,结果表明:株间种实性状存在显著差异,最显著的特征是:果实颜色,1号树为蓝黑色,2号树为紫红色;种皮颜色,1号树为紫红色,而2号树则为黄褐色略带紫红色成分;种子重量,1号树为22.4 g,2号树为26.1 g.此外,1号树的果实具有较长的宿存期.     

黄刺玫插穗的外部条件及外源激素的应用研究

研究黄刺玫嫩枝和硬枝插穗的生根能力与插穗条件的关系,以及外源激素对生根能力的影响,结果表明,何留木质基部的嫩枝插穗和摘去花 硬枝插穗其生根能力显著高于对照。外源激素的处理提高了插穗的生根能力,激素的混合应用,其最佳组合浓度ＩＡＡ、６－ＢＡ、ＩＢＡ分别为１０８．１４mg/L、１５９．９２mg/L、１１３．０４mg/L。     

白木香离体培养及高频率植株的再生

以野生白木香Rosa banksiae var. Normalis茎段为外植体,探讨了不同生长调节物质对外植体分化、增殖和生根的影响,并对栽培基质与移栽技术进行研究.结果表明,利于白木香分化的诱导培养基为MS 2.0 mg·L-16-BA 0.1 mg·L-1NAA;MS 2.0 mg·L-16-BA 0.05 mg·L-1NAA作增殖培养基效果最好,增殖率为5.5;利于生根的培养基为1/2MS 0.2 mg·L-1IBA 0.2 mg·L-1NAA;移栽基质为蛭石 珍珠岩 腐叶土(1:1:1)效果最好,成活率98%,且苗生长健壮.建立了白木香高效再生体系.表4参10     

刺梨有机酸组分及抗坏血酸含量分析

 【目的】明确刺梨有机酸各组分及抗坏血酸含量。【方法】以‘贵农5号’为材料,采用HPLC方法分析刺梨有机酸组分以及不同器官内、果实发育和采后贮藏过程中主要有机酸各组分及抗坏血酸含量的变化。【结果】刺梨果实中主要含有苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、草酸和琥珀酸6种有机酸组分和较高含量的抗坏血酸;不同器官有机酸含量分析发现,根主要含乳酸和酒石酸,茎和叶中乳酸含量较高,而花中主要积累琥珀酸。果实发育过程中各有机酸组分均不同程度表现出先升高后降低趋势,而抗坏血酸含量则一直呈增加态势;成熟果实内,抗坏血酸含量显著高于任一种有机酸组分,约占总酸量的67%;6种有机酸组分中,苹果酸含量最高（约占有机酸总量的53%）。研究还发现,不同贮藏温度对刺梨果实有机酸含量有较大影响。【结论】从有机酸组分分析,刺梨是一种以苹果酸为主要有机酸的果实类型,但抗坏血酸的含量高于所有有机酸组分的总量。这种高抗坏血酸含量特点是刺梨果实独特的营养标志。