实验大鼠,实验小鼠肠道鞭毛虫种类和检索

对普通级ＳＤ大鼠和ＫＭ小鼠肠道内鞭毛虫分别作了观察，从大鼠检出１０种肠道鞭毛虫：鼠唇鞭毛虫（Ｃｈｉｌｏｍａｓｔｉｘ ｂｅｔｔｅｎｃｏｕｒｔｉ），人肠滴虫（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ ｈｏｍｉｎｉｓ），西蒙氏贾第虫（Ｇｉａｒｄｉａ ｓｉｍｏｎｉ）鼠六鞭虫（Ｈｅｘａｍｉｔａ ｍｕｒｉｓ），似单尾滴虫（Ｍｏｎｏｃｅｒｃｏｍｏｎｏｉｄｉｅｓ ｓｐ），人五毛滴虫（Ｐｅｎｔａｔｒｉｃｈｏｍｏｎａｓ ｈｏｍｉｎｉｓ     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE LLAMA HEAD: TECHNIQUE AND NORMAL ANATOMY

Computed tomography was performed on the head of 6 normal adult llamas. The animals were under general anesthesia and positioned in dorsal recumbency on the scanning table. The area scanned was from the external occipital protuberance to the rostral portion of the nasal passage, and the images are presented in both a bone window and a soft tissue window to allow evaluation and identification of the anatomy of the head. Computed tomography of the llama head can be accomplished by most computed tomography scanners utilizing a technique similar to that used in small animals with minor modification of the scanning table.     

Activities of mesencephalic nucleus neurons during fictive swimming of the carp Cyprinus carpio

ABSTRACT:   Fish swim by undulatory contractions of the axial trunk musculature. It has been presumed that a descending signal from the brainstem activates central pattern generators in the spinal cord to make the swimming rhythm. In the carp the electrical or chemical stimulation of a mesencephalic nucleus, the nucleus fasciculi longitudinalis medialis (Nflm), could initiate swimming. However, it has not been established what signals originate from the Nflm in order to make the fish swim. The activity of the Nflm neurons was therefore examined electrophysiologically during fictive swimming in paralyzed carp. Three types of neuronal activities closely related to the swimming rhythms were obtained. The first type was a continuous tonic firing throughout an episode of fictive swimming. Neurons involved in this tonic activity may project to the spinal cord and contribute to the activation of spinal neurons to initiate fish swimming. The second type was accompanied by continual phasic firings occurring in rhythm with the activity of spinal motoneurons. Supposing that the swimming rhythm originates in the spinal cord, the synchronous activity in the brain neurons may suggest that in the nucleus there is a relay neuron conveying the rhythm information from the cord to other neurons there or in the brain. The third type exhibited reduced firing rates during fictive swimming. It is possible that the neurons engaged in this activity may be inhibitory and suppress the activities of other neurons in the nucleus and spinal cord during rest or during decelerating swimming.     

QUANTIFICATION OF CEREBRAL VENTRICULAR VOLUME IN ENGLISH BULLDOGS

Quantitative measurement of cerebral ventricle volume of eight English bulldogs was performed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The mean ventricular volume was 14.8 ml. with a range of 8.6 m1.-38.1 ml. The mean ventricular volume of two beagles was 2.2 ml with a range of 0.7 m1.3.7 ml. The percent of intracranial volume occupied by ventricle was found to be significantly larger in bulldogs (14.0%; S.D. = 7.9%) than in beagles (Range = 1.048%). The relationship between the percent of intracranial volume occupied by ventricle and measurements of body weight, age, sex, and various measures of skull anatomy of the bulldog was also determined. The relationship between ventricular volume and neurologic dysfunction was examined. There was a possible trend between high percent of intracranial volume occupied by ventricle and low body weight. This study will serve as a pilot study for examining the relationship between ventricular volume and neurologic disease in bulldogs.     

Development of cell model of polymer/liquid crystal and effect of their elasticity on adhesion of rBM-MSCs

AIM: To develop the cell model of polymer/liquid crystal and to study the effect of their elasticity on the adhesion of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs). METHODS: Using the method of solvent evaporation induced phase separation, the cell model of polymer/liquid crystal was constructed. The surface morphology and phase separation structure were determined by polarized optical microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). rBM-MSCs were separated and expanded by adherent culture. The surface markers of rBM-MSCs were detected by flow cytometry. The cells were induced to osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation for 2 weeks. After 3 passages, the cells were divided into 4 groups, including total PU control group, 10% membrane group, 30% membrane group and 50% membrane group. The cells were then incubated with rhodamine phalloidin for cytoskeleton staining and were observed under the confocal laser scanning microscope after cultured for 24 h. RESULTS: The cell model of polymer/liquid crystal was constructed successfully using the method of solvent evaporation induced phase separation. Flow cytometry results showed that the rBM-MSCs positively expressed CD29, CD44 and CD90, and negatively expressed CD34 and CD45. After stained with alizarin red S and oil red O, the calcium nodule and lipid droplets in rBM-MSCs were observed obviously. The cytoskeleton staining result indicated that the area in total PU control group, 10% membrane group and 30% membrane group were greater, and the actin microfilaments were also clearer than that in 50% membrane group. CONCLUSION: The cell model with suitable content of liquid crystal made a contribution to the rBM-MSCs' adhesion, but too much liquid crystal inhibits cell adhesion.     

Examining brain oedema through brain electrical impedance topographic mapping

Change of Brain Electrical Impedance has great relations with brain oedema and brain block, a new method of Examining Brain Oedema through Brain Electrical Impedance Topographic Mapping(BEITM)is reviewed. Network topology structure that used in BEITM are also presented. According to topology, we discuss the drawing algorithm that based on triangle element. Some patients have been measured to make clinical data, according to this data Brain Electrical Impedance topographic come into being by computer at last, functional imaging has been implemented. Clinical case analysis compared with change state of an illness and repeatability of steady patient's data has proved the method is feasible.     

多溴联苯醚对大鼠肝细胞CYP1A2依赖性MROD活性的影响

采用未成熟SD大鼠肝细胞微粒体为试验材料,以2,3,7,8-四氯-二苯基-并-二哑噁英(2,3,7,8- tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)作为参照,利用甲氧基-异酚噁脱甲基酶(methoxyresorufin-O- demethylase,MROD)竞争性抑制动力学和荧光光谱法分析法,测定了5种多溴联苯(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)对7-甲氧基-异酚噁唑脱甲基反应的影响,间接研究了这些PBDEs对CYP1A2 的竞争性抑制作用。结果表明,和TCDD相比,PBDEs对MROD活性的抑制作用较弱,亦即对CYP1A2的 竞争性抑制作用较弱。     

Metabolism mediated interaction of α-asarone and Acorus calamus with CYP3A4 and CYP2D6

The present study was aimed to investigate the possible interaction of the standardized extract of Acorus calamus (AC) with Cytochrome P450 enzyme, quantitative determination of the α-asarone in the AC rhizome was performed by RP-HPLC method. In vitro interaction of the plant extract was evaluated by CYP450-carbon monoxide complex (CYP450-CO) assay. Effect on individual isoforms such as CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 isozymes were analyzed through fluorescence product formation and respective IC₅₀ values were determined. CYP450-CO assay showed moderate interaction potential. Extract showed higher IC₅₀ values (46.84 ± 1.83-32.99 ± 2.21 μg/ml) comparing to the standard inhibitors and lower IC₅₀ value than α-asarone (65.16 ± 2.37-42.15 ± 2.45 μg/ml).     

Permeability determination and pharmacokinetic study of nobiletin in rat plasma and brain by validated high-performance liquid chromatography method

In the present study, we are reporting permeability and pharmacokinetics of nobiletin in rat plasma and brain, using a validated reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method. Protein precipitation method was used for the extraction of nobiletin and coumarin (IS) from rat plasma and brain tissue. The system was run in isocratic mode with mobile phase consisting of potassium dihydrogen ortho-phosphate (pH 4.5; 0.04 mM) and acetonitrile in ratio of 50:50, v/v. The total chromatographic run time was 9.0 min. The method was proved to be accurate and precise at linearity range of 0.05–10 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of ≥ 0.994 in rat plasma and ≥ 0.995 in rat brain. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy values are found to be within the assay variability limits as per the FDA guidelines. Nobiletin was found stable in the battery of stability studies viz., bench-top, auto-sampler, freeze/thaw cycles and long term storage in a freezer at − 70 ± 10 °C. Maximum concentrations of nobiletin in both plasma and brain were observed at 1 h after single oral dosing (50 mg/kg). The maximum concentration in plasma and brain were 1.78 and 4.20 μg/mL, respectively. The AUC_0–t in plasma and brain were 7.49 and 20.66 μg·h/mL, respectively. The mean elimination half life (t_1/2) in plasma and brain were 1.80 and 11.42 h, respectively. The Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) permeability of nobiletin was found to be high at both pH 4.0 and 7.0.