A critical analysis of phosphatidic acid mediated resistance response in Sinapis alba against Alternaria brassicicola

The enhanced expression of PLD genes and the quantitative increase in the level of phosphatidic acid (PA) in resistant Sinapis alba compared to the downregulated or unchanged expression of the PLD genes and decreased PA level in susceptible Brassica juncea when challenged with Alternaria brassicicola, indicated a positive relationship between PA-mediated signalling and resistance against this necrotrophic pathogen. Furthermore, spraying PA onto the susceptible species B. juncea increased resistance and enhanced expression of ABA-responsive genes, which was comparable to the expression of these genes in S. alba when challenged with A. brassicicola.

• •The enhanced expression of several PLD genes in resistant S. alba was observed compared to B. juncea upon challenge with A. brassicicola.
• •An increase in the PA level in S. alba compared to B. juncea following interaction with the pathogen.
• •Leaves of B. juncea incubated on PA-soaked filter paper did not show resistance.
• •Spraying B. juncea leaves with PA led to resistance as well as to the enhanced expression of ABA-responsive genes.
• •A temporal increase in the PA level is associated with increased resistance against A. brassicicola.

     

Genetic analysis of Turkish apple germplasm using peroxidase gene-based markers

Plant peroxidases belong to a multigene family and posses highly conserved domains allowing to design oligonucleotide primers to amplify DNA sequences coding for peroxidases from plants with unsequenced genomes. Peroxidase gene-based polymorphism among Malus species, and correlation between peroxidase markers were deduced in this study. Turkish apple germplasm was evaluated using 14 peroxidase specific primers. Targeted-PCR amplification of genomic DNA from 192 apple genotypes available in the Turkish genetic resources yielded polymorphisms giving a similarity range from 0.56 to 0.98 with a mean of 0.77. Based on the POGP gene polymorphism, two distinct clusters were detected among the apple accessions, suggesting different evolutionary pathway. Correlation estimates as an indication of linkage disequilibrium between POGP markers ranged from −0.22 to 0.90, suggesting that few POGP markers were clustered and the remaining POGP markers evenly distributed throughout the apple genome. These results demonstrate that primers targeting the peroxidase gene family can be used to study genotypic diversity and evolutionary relationships on an intra- and inter-specific basis.     

Cytoprotective activities of hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin against oxidative stress-induced damage in HepG2 and HaCaT cells

Hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin (HCAAS) [caffeoylserotonin (compound 1), p-coumaroylserotonin (compound 2), and feruloylserotonin (compound 3)] are secondary metabolites produced in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytoprotective effects of HCAAS based on intracellular reactive oxygen radical (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and phosphorylation of histone H2AX in H₂O₂ treated-HepG2 and HaCaT cells. We have shown that HCAAS showed various strong antioxidant activities in hydrogen peroxide treated both cell lines, suggesting that these compounds may play as chemotherapeutic agents for preventing or reducing the oxidative stress-induced diseases.     

盐胁迫对桉树(Eucalyptus)活性氧代谢和CAT基因表达的影响

桉树耐贫瘠,盐胁迫影响桉树的生长速率,严重时造成桉树枯萎死亡。本研究以‘广林9’三月龄组培苗为材料,分别用不同浓度NaCl溶液(0, 30 mmol/L, 60 mmol/L, 90 mmol/L, 120 mmol/L, 150 mmol/L)处理20天后,检测超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2)含量、丙二醛(malonaldehyde, MDA)质量摩尔浓度等生理指标以及CAT基因的转录变化。NaCl处理后,MDA质量摩尔浓度、H2O2含量显著升高,在90 mmol/L或120 mmol/L处达到最大值;盐胁迫下POD、SOD和CAT活性均表现为先升高后降低的趋势,并且在90 mmol/L NaCl时达到最大值。设无NaCl处理下CAT基因的表达水平为1,用qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR)方法分析不同盐胁迫下6个CAT基因的相对表达水平。随着NaCl浓度增大,CAT1、CAT2和CAT3的相对表达水平呈逐渐降低的趋势,NaCl浓度为30 mmol/L相对表达水平最高,分别为1.54、6.38和1.27;CAT5和CAT6的相对表达水平在120 mmol/L NaCl时达到最大值,分别为2.65和2.21;CAT4的相对表达水平随NaCl浓度增大而增大,并在NaCl浓度为150 mmol/L时显著升高,相对表达水平达3.31。结果表明:90~120 mmol/L NaCl浓度为桉树的耐盐胁迫的极限;盐胁迫会引起桉树ROS (Reactive oxygen species)代谢失衡,积累H2O2导致膜脂过氧化;6个CAT基因在不同盐胁迫强度下的转录变化差异显著,响应机制不尽相同。本研究可为桉树应答盐胁迫机理研究和桉树栽培管理提供参考。     

白藜芦醇对奶牛性控冻精品质和体外受精能力的影响

本研究旨在探究不同浓度白藜芦醇处理对奶牛性控冻精品质和体外受精能力的影响。在解冻后的奶牛性控冻精中分别添加0、10~(-3)、10~(-4)、10~(-5) mol/L的白藜芦醇,各组精子在受精液中获能孵育1.5 h后,测定精子质量和体外受精能力。结果表明:添加白藜芦醇均可有效降低性控冻精中活性氧(ROS)含量、提高顶体完整活精子比例(P0.05),其中10~(-3)、10~(-4) mol/L的白藜芦醇处理对降低ROS含量最为显著;10-4 mol/L的白藜芦醇处理可显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量并提高性控冻精的卵裂率和囊胚率(P0.05)。综上所述,白藜芦醇作为一种外源性天然抗氧化剂,通过降低性控精液中过量的ROS水平、抑制精子脂质过氧化反应、保护顶体完整性,从而提高性控精子质量和体外受精能力。     

土槿皮乙酸B通过活性氧和有丝分裂原蛋白激酶诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡的研究

土槿皮乙酸B(PAB)通过活性氧诱导肿瘤细胞MCF-7凋亡,同时也通过调控有丝分裂原蛋白激酶(MAPK)家族蛋白来调控凋亡,但活性氧和MAPK的关系还不清楚,本研究探讨活性氧和MAPK家族蛋白的关系。4 μmol/L PAB在36 h诱导细胞死亡,活性氧清除剂抑制PAB的作用,并降低PAB的抑制率;同时,PAB促进JNK磷酸化,抑制ERK的磷酸化,此作用被活性氧清除剂抑制。     

牦牛铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因cDNA克隆测序及其分子进化研究

对牦牛Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA进行克隆测序。所扩增片段长度为842bp,编码区长度为459bp。扩增片段与奶牛Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA序列比较发现有16个碱基存在差异。通过与已知Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA序列的7个物种:人、猪、鼠、大鼠、奶牛以及马的cDNA序列的比较构建了分子进化系统树。对所得序列的ORF分析发现,牦牛Cu/Zn-SOD由152个氨基酸组成,并对氨基酸序列进行了比对分析。     

氧自由基对动物消化道损伤及干预研究进展

近年来的研究结果表明:氧自由基与消化道疾病的发生有关,作者综述了氧化应激状态下氧自由基对动物消化道损伤机理研究现状和发展趋势,为该领域研究工作的开展提供参考。     

燕麦劣变种子吸胀过程中线粒体AsA-GSH循环的生理响应

为探究种胚线粒体抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(ascorbate-glutathione,AsA-GSH)循环响应老化的抗氧化作用机制,本试验通过控制劣变处理获得高活力和中活力燕麦(AvenaSativa.L)种子,以未老化种子作为对照,研究了吸胀过程中的发芽特性、种胚线粒体活性氧(reactive oxygen species...