不同干旱程度及复水对水稻B优827开花期的生理影响

于开花期对籼型杂交水稻B优827和中度抗旱品种冈优725(对照)进行3个水平的水分胁迫处理,之后复水。研究光合速率、活性氧(ROS)、渗透调节物质、谷胱甘肽(GSH),抗坏血酸(AsA)和抗氧化酶活性等生理指标及其产量性状的变化。结果表明,B优827在轻度水分胁迫、重度水分胁迫下都表现为抗干旱能力比冈优725高;轻度水分胁迫下,随着胁迫时间的增加,光合速率、GSH和AsA含量下降,活性氧和渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性上升。而重度水分胁迫下,随着胁迫时间的增加,光合速率、GSH和AsA含量下降迅速,活性氧和渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性比轻度胁迫下增加的快,机体受到严重的损伤。不同程度水分胁迫处理收获后其产量大小分别为正常水分>轻度胁迫>重度胁迫。复水后测定结果显示,机体代谢会逐渐恢复正常。     

红素氧还蛋白研究进展

红素氧还蛋白（rubredoxin,RUB）是一种在进化上高度保守的铁硫蛋白,广泛存在于真核生物和原核生物中,主要功能有参与光系统PSⅡ复合体从头组装和修复、充当电子载体并参与SOS介导的多种信号通路等。本文综述了RUB蛋白在光合作用、电子传递和植物逆境应答过程中的作用,以期为深入研究植物RUB调控机理提供参考。     

Water deficit stress,ROS involvement,and plant performance

Crop productivity is impaired by stress factors, biotic or abiotic. The main are pathogens, diseases, insects, cold, heat, salinity, drought, radiation and others. Among these unfavorable conditions, drought is one of the main occurrences and negatively affects crop development. This environmental adversity generally induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These molecules lead to oxidative stress, and at high levels cause cell effects, like loss of organelle functions, electrolyte leakage, and reduction in metabolic efficiency. High concentration of ROS in cells can still cause molecular damage that include damage in proteins, amino acids, and lipids, and even lead to cell death. To neutralize these damages, plants increase enzymatic antioxidant activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant contents. ROS are essential to life in plants, and at basal levels performs cellular functions, such as signaling and defense responses. Here, we focus on the ROS production, the involvement and damages of these species in water deficit condition, changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidant contents in plants under drought stress. In addition, the signaling reactions of ROS under stress water restriction, changes on yield components of species under water deficit and the antioxidant genes involved in plant responses to stress were also addressed.     

基于激光雷达的机器人定位与地图构建

移动机器人的定位一直是机器人研究领域的基础,又是非常重要的技术,机器人运行过程中的准确定位更是直接将机器人推广应用的决定性因素。基于ROS平台,利用激光雷达将实际环境用二维栅格地图模型表示,结合自适应蒙特卡洛改进算法进行地图匹配定位,通过仿真实验和实际性能测试分析,均达到良好的建图和导航定位效果。     

Effects of potassium deficiency on photosynthesis,chloroplast ultrastructure,ROS, and antioxidant activities in maize (Zea mays L.)

Potassium(K)deficiency significantly decreases photosynthesis due to leaf chlorosis induced by accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).But,the physiological mechanism for adjusting antioxidative defense system to protect leaf function in maize(Zea mays L.)is unknown.In the present study,four maize inbred lines(K-tolerant,90-21-3 and 099;K-sensitive,D937 and 835)were used to analyze leaf photosynthesis,anatomical structure,chloroplast ultrastructure,ROS,and antioxidant activities.The results showed that the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(P_n),stomatal conductance(G_s),photochemical quenching(q_P),and electron transport rate of PSII(ETR)in 90-21-3 and 099 were higher than those in D937 and 835 under K deficiency treatment.Parameters of leaf anatomical structure in D937 that were significantly changed under K deficiency treatment include smaller thickness of leaf,lower epidermis cells,and vascular bundle area,whereas the vascular bundle area,xylem vessel number,and area in 90-21-3 were significantly larger or higher.D937 also had seriously damaged chloroplasts and PSII reaction centers along with increased superoxide anion(O_2~-·)and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2).Activities of antioxidants,like superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),were significantly stimulated in 90-21-3 resulting in lower levels of O_2~-·and H_2O_2.These results indicated that the K-tolerant maize promoted antioxidant enzyme activities to maintain ROS homeostasis and suffered less oxidative damage on the photosynthetic apparatus,thereby maintaining regular photosynthesis under K deficiency stress.     

Canolol induces apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cell through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Canolol is a natural polyphenolic compound in rapeseed oil with multiple biological activities.Anti-cancer potential of canolol has been proposed in some studies.However,the effect and underlying mechanism of canolol on human gastric carcinoma(AGS)cells have not been well understood.This study showed that canolol had significant inhibition in proliferation and strongly apoptotic effects in AGS cells,which were verified by the decrease of cell viability,high level of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and damage in mitochondria membrane potential(MMP).Treatment with canolol arrested cells in S phase,and increased expressions of Bax,cleaved caspase-9,and cleaved caspase-3 proteins.Meanwhile,low expression of Bcl-2 and cytochrome C(Cyt C)release were found.The expressions of PI3K(phosphoinositide 3-kinase)and p-AKT(phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase)were also downregulated.Overall,these results suggested that canolol inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in AGS cells by regulating PI3K/Akt pathway,demonstrating a potential in gastric cancer treatment.     

夜间低温胁迫下钙对番茄幼苗根系活力及活性氧代谢的调控作用

研究夜间低温胁迫下(25℃/6℃,昼/夜)钙、钙离子螯合剂(EGTA)和钙离子通道抑制剂(LaCl3)对番茄幼苗根系中根系活力、可溶性蛋白含量、膜质过氧化程度及活性氧(ROS)代谢的调控作用。结果表明,夜间低温胁迫(蒸馏水灌根)显著降低番茄幼苗根系活力、可溶性蛋白含量,增加根系MDA、H2O2含量及O2-.产生速率,抑制SOD、CAT和POD活性;45 mmol.L-1CaCl2灌根显著提高夜间低温胁迫下番茄幼苗根系活力、可溶性蛋白含量及SOD、CAT和POD活性,降低根系MDA含量、H2O2含量及O2-.产生速率;EGTA、LaCl3灌根加剧夜间低温胁迫导致的番茄根系活力的降低及活性氧的增加。表明夜间低温胁迫对番茄幼苗地下部根系的活性氧代谢产生显著的影响,而Ca2+通过提高保护酶活性、降低膜质过氧化水平来提高番茄植株根系的低温耐受性,进一步防止植株低温伤害。     

乐果引起大鼠肝细胞凋亡的机理

通过给大鼠肝细胞培养液中加入乐果(0、3、10、30、100、300μmol/L),染毒122、4 h后,Annexin V/PI双染法检测肝细胞凋亡率;分别用Fluo-2/AM、双氢-乙酰乙酸二氯荧光黄(DCFH-DA)和罗丹名123检测细胞内Ca2+浓度、活性氧(ROS)和线粒体膜电位(Δψm)变化,并在扫描电镜和荧光显微镜下观察凋亡细胞情况,探讨乐果对大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响。结果显示,肝细胞染毒12、24 h后,出现了明显的细胞凋亡的形态学变化,细胞凋亡率明显升高,除3μmol/L组外,与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05或P0.01),且呈时间-剂量效应。3μmol/L组细胞内Ca2+浓度极显著高于对照组(P0.01),之后随染毒剂量的增加,细胞内Ca2+浓度逐渐下降;细胞内ROS水平在3~100μmol/L随染毒剂量的增大和染毒时间的延长而升高,而在300μmol/L组略有下降,除3μmol/L组外,与对照组相比均差异极显著(P0.01);Δψm除24 h 300μmol/L组外均出现持续下降。结果表明,低剂量乐果染毒可诱导肝细胞发生凋亡,细胞内Ca2+、ROS和Δψm可能参与了这一过程。     

苜蓿幼苗芽、根器官对盐胁迫的生理生化响应

【目的】探讨盐胁迫对苜蓿幼苗不同器官生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响,为苜蓿植被恢复技术的研发提供理论参考。【方法】以新牧一号(盐忍耐品种)和北极星(盐敏感品种)2个苜蓿品种为材料,以0mmol/L NaCl处理为对照,用200mmol/L NaCl胁迫处理,测定萌发7d苜蓿幼苗芽、根生长及其H2O2、丙二醛(MDA)含量,相对质膜透性、抗氧化保护酶活性及其同功酶的变化。【结果】200mmol/L NaCl胁迫抑制了苜蓿幼苗的生长,并导致芽、根H2O2、MDA含量及相对质膜透性升高,但新牧一号芽、根器官均表现出比北极星较低程度的生长抑制或质膜损伤。盐胁迫后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性均明显增加。CAT和POD对活性氧的清除具有器官差异性,CAT活性在芽中较强,POD则与之相反。SOD-Ⅱ、APX-Ⅰ、POD-Ⅲ及POD-Ⅳ为芽、根中盐胁迫敏感的同功酶谱带。【结论】苜蓿盐忍耐品种通过更强的抗氧化保护能力,降低了盐胁迫对其幼苗的损伤。     

不同等级道路运输振动对哈密瓜品质的影响

为探究不同等级道路运输的振动对哈密瓜品质的影响机理,以避免哈密瓜在运输过程中受不同等级道路运输振动的影响而导致其贮藏期间品质下降,试验通过建立半挂车在公路上运输的模拟振动台,比较高速公路、一级公路、二级公路以及三级公路的模拟运输振动对哈密瓜活性氧代谢和膜脂氧化的影响。试验模拟了半挂车在4种公路上运输15 h的运输振动环境,比较经不同道路振动处理与未经振动处理的哈密瓜在室温(23℃)贮藏期间(28 d)呼吸速率,硬度,相对电导率,脂氧合酶活性(1ipoxygenase,LOX),丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA),活性氧成分(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的变化情况。研究结果表明:室温贮藏28 d时,不同等级道路振动后的哈密瓜的呼吸速率显著高于未处理对照组(P0.05),显然运输振动加快果实软化,加速细胞膜脂氧化,促进了LOX的活性,加快自由基反应进程,使ROS的含量不断增加,产生更多的MDA,损伤细胞膜,从而使相对电导率上升。其中,三级公路及二级公路较高速公路和一级公路的模拟运输振动对哈密瓜品质的影响更为显著(P0.05),而三级公路模拟运输振动处理哈密瓜的ROS含量较其他等级公路的更为显著(P0.05)。说明哈密瓜的品质受运输振动影响的大小为:三级公路二级公路一级公路高速公路,研究结果为寻找降低运输振动对哈密瓜品质影响方法的建立提供理论基础。