Total triterpenoids from Psidium Guajava leaf improves insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

AIM: To investigate the effects of total triterpenoids from Psidium guajava leaf (TTPGL) on 3T3-L1 adipocyte insulin resistance (IR) and to explore the possible mechanism. METHODS: 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were cultured and induced to differentiate into 3T3-L1 adipocytes, then treated with TTPGL (0.3, 1, 3, 10 μg/L) for 48 h. The cells were divided into 0.1% DMSO group, positive drug sodium orthovanadate (Van, 10 μmol/L) group, model group and control group. The effect of TTPGL on the cell activity of pre-adipocytes was detected by MTT assay and its influence on the cellular differentiation was observed by oil red O staining. The IR model of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes was established successfully and then treated with different drugs for 48 h. The glucose consumption in the supernatant of IR adipocyte's culture medium was assayed by glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD), free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured by colorimetric method, and adipocytokines levels were assayed by ELISA. The mRNA expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) of IR adipocyte was detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1/insulin receptor substrate 1 (p-IRS-1/IRS-1) and phosphorylated protein kinase B/protein kinase B (p-Akt/Akt) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with DMSO group, TTPGL treatment significantly promoted the cell activity of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and inhibited its differentiation (P < 0.01). TTPGL (1~10 μg/L) improved glucose consumption of IR adipocytes significantly (P < 0.01), with or without insulin stimulation, and TTPGL (0.3~3 μg/L) restrained FFA production remarkably(P < 0.01). Compared with model group, TTPGL (0.3 and 3 μg/L) significantly increased the secretion of adiponectin in IR adipocytes (P < 0.05), and inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P < 0.01). TTPGL (3 μg/L) restrained the secretion of resistin significantly (P < 0.05), and showed no significant effect on secretion of leptin. It also down-regulated the mRNA expression of protein tyrosine phosphates 1B (PTP1B) in IR adipocytes significantly (P < 0.01), and increased the protein levels of p-IRS-1/IRS-1. TTPGL (0.3 and 3 μg/L) up-regulated the protein level of p-Akt/Akt in IR adipocytes significantly (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: TTPGL reduces IR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The mechanism may be that TTPGL significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of PTP1B and increased the protein levels of p-IRS-1/IRS-1 and p-Akt/Akt in IR adipocytes.     

苍术和番石榴的不同炮制方法及部位对水产病原菌抑制效果的影响

采用微量稀释法,以溶珊瑚弧菌（Vibrio coralliilyticus）、哈维弧菌（旷harveyi）、美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种（Photobacterium damselae subsp piscicida）、副溶血弧菌（V.parahaemolyticus）、摩氏摩根氏菌（Morganellafulton）、创伤弧菌（V.vulnificus）6种病原菌共7株为受试菌,研究苍术（Atractylodeslancea）不同炮制品和番石榴（Psidiumguajava）不同部位的抑菌作用,并进一步测定其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果显示,番石榴叶和枝果部位以及苍术不同炮制品对溶珊瑚弧菌、美人鱼发光杆菌杀鱼亚种和哈维弧菌抑菌效果较明显,MIC和MBC分别为10^-3g·mL^-1和10^-1g·mL^-1,抑菌效果由高至低依次为番石榴叶〉番石榴果〉番石榴枝,麸炒苍术〉盐炙苍术〉苍术〉醋炙苍术。     

增施有机肥对番石榴产量和品质的影响

探讨在施用化肥的基础上增施有机肥对番石榴一年两批果实产量和品质的影响,以期为番石榴科学施肥提供依据。以‘红香1号’番石榴为研究对象,以单施化肥为对照,比较每株增施有机肥2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0 kg对番石榴果实外观性状、产量、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明：在施用化肥的基础上,增施有机肥可增加单果质量,增大纵径、横径和果形指数,改善果实外观性状,提高产量,同时提高了果实可溶性固形物、Vc、可溶性糖和还原糖的含量,降低可滴定酸含量,改善果实风味,提高果实品质和经济效益;其中每株增施7.5 kg有机肥效果最佳,与CK相比,第1批和第2批果实的单果质量、果实纵径和横径分别增长了32.48%和20.77%、31.70%和33.97%、25.43%和24.58%,可溶性固形物、Vc、可溶性糖和还原糖分别提高了14.95%和25.76%、56.58%和57.55%、56.93%和53.23%、40.87%和50.54%,可滴定酸含量降低了25.00%和19.35%,总利润提高了55.46%。     

广东省番石榴褐斑病的病原分离及鉴定

番石榴(Psidium guajava Linn.)起源于墨西哥,是热带和南亚热带地区普遍种植的水果[1].番石榴也是我国华南地区畅销的水果之一,2018年广东省的番石榴种植面积达1.25万hm2.2018年7月,在广州水果世界岭南鲜果基地调查发现,部分番石榴枝条出现不连续的褐色斑块,叶片和花器的花瓣呈现从边缘向中间扩...     

Contractile effect of the aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves on aortic rings in rat

Aqueous leaves extract of Psidium guajava significantly and dose-dependently (0.25-2 mg/ml) contracted aorta rings. The effect was evaluated also in presence of nifedipine and phentolamine. The sensitivity of the aortic rings to cumulative doses of P. guajava was significantly enhanced in the presence of phentolamine suggesting that the effect of P. guajava was to a large extent mediated by activation of alpha-adrenoceptor and to a lesser extent by acting via calcium ion channel.     

海南省番石榴病原根结线虫种类鉴定

运用形态学方法,结合同工酶电泳和线粒体DNA标记技术,对采白海南省10市县的28个番石榴根结线虫种群进行鉴定,明确了25个种群为湛江根结线虫Meloidogyne zhanfiangensis、2个种群为番禺根结线虫M.panyuensis1个种群为南方根结线虫M．incognita,湛江根结线虫是危害海南省番石榴的优势种群．文中对根结线虫的鉴定技术与方法作了讨论．     

Effect of guava Psidium guajava (L.) aqueous extract diet on growth performance,intestinal morphology,immune response and survival of Oreochromis niloticus challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila

An 84‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of aqueous Psidium guajava leaf extract (PGE) on growth, intestinal morphology, physiology, immune response and susceptibility of Oreochromis niloticus to Aeromonas hydrophila. Diets containing 0% (P0), 0.25% (P1), 0.50% (P2), 0.75% (P3) and 1.00% (P4) PGE were fed to triplicate groups of fish (mean weight; 1.32 ± 0.04 g) for 84 days. After the 84‐day feeding trial, test fish were injected with pathogenic A. hydrophila and then fed for 14 days. More feed were consumed in groups of fish fed PGE‐treated diets and resulted in significantly higher weight gain and feed intake. Incidentally, there was an increase in the calculated area of absorption of fish fed PGE diets, as accounted for by marginally higher villi length and width. Antioxidant and immune response were improved with PGE inclusion in diets as total protein, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S‐transferase significantly increased (p < 0.05) in fish fed PGE diets. Results of the challenge test with A. hydrophila revealed that the highest mortality (100%) was recorded in P0. This study revealed that inclusion of P. guajava extract in the diet of O. niloticus improved growth, nutrient utilization, immune system and survival of O. niloticus fingerlings.     

抗对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)中草药的筛选及番石榴叶水提取物对WSSV致病性的影响

通过人工感染试验,比较了11种中草药水提取物对对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)致病性的影响,在此基础上,研究了番石榴叶水提取物的浓度和处理时间对WSSV的消毒效果。结果表明,在11种中草药提取液中,仅有番石榴叶水提取物对WSSV有显著的杀灭作用,处理时间超过12 h可使WSSV失活,消毒效果与药物和病毒的相对浓度相关。     

Resistant accessions of wild Psidium spp. to Meloidogyne enterolobii and histological characterization of resistance

Meloidogyne enterolobii has been reported in some states of Brazil and other countries causing severe damage on commercial guava (Psidium guajava). The use of resistant varieties is the most effective way to manage nematode parasitism. This study screened 51 accessions of Psidium spp. selected from the Psidium Germplasm Collection (Embrapa) to look for resistance against M. enterolobii. Six months after inoculation, nematode reproduction factor (RF) was used to assess resistance. The following species were resistant to M. enterolobii: P. cattleianum (yellow guava), P. friedrichsthalianum (Costa Rican guava), Acca sellowiana (feijoa) and P. rufum (purple guava). All 43 wild accessions of P. guajava were susceptible, as well as three accessions of P. guineense (Brazilian guava), one of P. acutangulum (pear guava) and the susceptible control P. guajava cv. Paluma. When used as rootstocks under greenhouse conditions, P. cattleianum and P. friedrichsthalianum were compatible with cv. Paluma; however, in greenhouse and field conditions only 50% of both scions survived. No apparent hypersensitive response (HR) was seen in the resistant guava P. cattleianum and P. friedrichsthalianum. Juveniles were able to develop normal feeding sites similar to those in susceptible roots 6–13 days after inoculation (dai). From 27 to 32 dai, giant cell deterioration was observed and nematodes showed arrested development. The majority of nematodes failed to reach maturity and did not begin laying eggs in resistant roots. These results suggested that the induction of resistance is relatively late in this pathosystem.