番石榴成花习性的调查

 调查了番石榴( Psidium guajava L. ) ‘新世纪’、‘无核’和‘水晶’品种的成花特点, 结果发现, 着生花蕾的第2～4 节叶片处枝梢的直径明显大于其他叶位处枝梢的直径, 而且淀粉和可溶性糖的含量高于其他节位枝梢。     

套袋对新世纪番石榴果皮色素及酚类物质的影响

研究了番石榴(PsidiumguajavaL.)新世纪品种果皮叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮和花青苷等色素及总酚的变化动态以及套袋的影响。结果发现,花青苷在果实色泽发育中的作用很小;叶绿素、类胡萝卜素的降解与果实成熟同时发生,二者的综合表现决定果实的色泽;套袋明显抑制了果皮叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和类黄酮的合成,提高了果皮总酚含量。建议果实在采收及贮运过程中不要除袋,以进一步提高其商品性。     

番石榴叶水提取物抗对虾白斑综合征 病毒有效成分初探

利用有机萃取技术对番石榴叶水提取物进行了初步分离,得到石油醚相（S）、乙酸乙酯相（Y）,正丁醇相（Z）和水相（W）4个组分。然后通过人工感染试验,确定了各组分抗对虾白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）的效果,并通过体外试验研究了番石榴叶水提取物及各组分对WSSV的影响。人工感染的结果显示：用乙酸乙酯相与正丁醇相这两种组分分别处理WSSV后,对虾在用WSSV人工感染后未出现死亡,而用石油醚组分处理WSSV后,对虾在用WSSV人工感染后第5d开始出现死亡,第12d全部死亡,表明番石榴叶中影响WSSV致病性的有效成分的极性较强,与乙酸乙酯和正丁醇相近。用番石榴叶水提取液及其各萃取组分体外处理WSSV不同时间后,试验组和对照组中的病毒拷贝数随时间推移略有降低,但在第120h结束时,各组中的病毒拷贝数还维持在较高水平;之后,将WSSV核酸暴露,并在体外用番石榴叶水提取物及其各萃取组分处理,荧光定量PCR结果显示：随着孵育时间的延长,各组病毒基因拷贝数无显著性变化。     

Hypolipemic and hypoglycemic effects of total triterpenoids from Psidium guajava leaves on type 2 diabetic rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of total triterpenoids from Psidium guajava leaves (TTPGL) on blood glucose and lipids in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS: The diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at dose of 35 mg/kg and feeding with high-fat diet. The animals were divided into 5 groups: diabetic model control group (model), TTPGL treatment groups (with the doses of 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg, respectively) and rosiglitazone treatment group (3 mg/kg). Another 12 normal SD rats were used as the normal controls. The rats received daily treatment for 6 weeks, and then the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCH), free fatty acid (FFA), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) and glycosylated serum proteins (GSP) were measured. The protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in adipose tissues was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, the levels of FBG, GHb and blood lipids were increased in type 2 diabetic rats. The FINS, insulin sensitivity index, and the protein expression of PPARγ in adipose tissues were decreased. Compared with model group, the levels of FBG and GSP were decreased,and the FINS, insulin sensitivity index, and the protein expression of PPARγ in adipose tissues significantly increased in TTPGL treatment groups (with the doses of 120 and 240 mg/kg). The levels of serum TG,TCH and FFA were significantly lower in TTPGL treatment groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05) as compared with the model controls. CONCLUSION: TTPGL decreases the levels of blood glucose and lipids in diabetic rats. TTPGL also increases serum insulin level and improves insulin sensitivity. The action mechanism of TTPGL may be related to the increase in the protein expression of PPARγ.     

群落结构的影响研究

采用随机取样法,调查受螺旋粉虱为害的2种寄主植物上节肢动物群落结构,以探讨螺旋粉虱为害对寄主植物上节肢动物群落结构的影响。结果表明:2种寄主中,受螺旋粉虱为害的植株,节肢动物发生量明显高于未受害植株,并且主要以同翅目类昆虫数量增加为主;受螺旋粉虱为害的洋紫荆植株上,节肢动物群落的物种数量明显高于未受害植株,群落结构也较为复杂,受螺旋粉虱为害与未为害的番石榴植株上,物种数量也有所增加,但群落结构组成未发生较大改变;整体而言,于未受害洋紫荆植株相比,受害洋紫荆植株的物种丰富度及多样性较高、物种发生较为均匀,而番石榴植株受害与未受害植株间,群落的物种丰富度、多样性及均匀度等各指数差异不明显;未受害洋紫荆寄主的种群优势度较受害洋紫荆的种群优势度高。     

珍珠番石榴在贵州的种植表现及主要栽培技术

为促进珍珠番石榴在贵州地区的推广种植,通过生物学调查及肥效试验研究了珍珠番石榴在贵州的表现及主要栽培技术.结果表明:珍珠番石榴在贵州种植适应性强、早结丰产,周年开花结果;从修剪处理到开花需要61～64 d,从开花到果实成熟,夏季果需要100 d左右,冬季果需要140 d左右;经回归分析表明,单株产量与干径呈显著相关关系,枝组产量与枝组粗度呈显著相关关系;两年生珍珠番石榴年施用尿素、过磷酸钙和氯化钾的最佳用量分别为0.8 kg/株、0.6 kg/株和0.8 kg/株.说明,珍珠番石榴适宜在贵州亚热带地区种植.     

Immunomodulatory effect of Guavarine®, aqueous guava leaf extract,on ornamental Koi carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi L. 1758

The leaves and bark of guava (Psidium guajava) have a long history of medicinal uses. The immunomodulatory effect of Guavarine®, an aqueous guava leaf extract, was investigated on Cyprinus carpio var. koi L. The fish (8.33 ± 1.02 g) were injected with guava leaf extracts (10 or 100 µg/fish) intraperitoneally, and the innate immune parameters were monitored for 28 days. In fish injected with guava leaf extracts, the lymphocyte proliferation, nitric oxide production, and respiratory burst activity increased until the 14th day and decreased thereafter. The results indicated an elevation in the innate immune status of fish, possibly due to the presence of flavonoids in the leaf extracts.     

阴香叶乙醇提取物对番石榴耐藏性的影响

以珍珠番石榴为试验材料,研究阴香叶乙醇提取物处理对番石榴耐藏性的影响,为番石榴保鲜技术提供参考。分别用不同浓度的阴香叶乙醇提取物处理番石榴果实10min,晾干后置于室温（5~15℃,相对湿度70~85%）条件下存放,贮藏期间每6 d测定1次番石榴果实的好果率、失重率及生理指标。结果表明：阴香叶乙醇提取物不仅能减缓番石榴果实水分散失,还有效抑制番石榴果实的过氧化物酶（POD）活性、呼吸强度和质膜相对透性,减缓苯丙氨酸酶（PAL）活性的下降,有利于延长果实的贮藏期限;以20%阴香叶乙醇提取物处理10min的保鲜效果为佳,贮藏24 d后,番石榴好果率仍达84.21%,贮藏时间比对照组延长了6 d。阴香叶乙醇提取物处理番石榴果实的保鲜效果良好。     

原子吸收光谱法测定番石榴果中微量元素

[目的]建立番石榴果中微量元素的测定方法。[方法]采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定Cu和Zn的含量,用石墨炉法测定Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg的含量。[结果]所有样品中Cu的含量最高,Zn、Cr、As、Ni、Pb、Cd和Hg的含量次之。火焰法测定Cu和Zn的加样回收率为99.2%~100.4%,石墨炉法测定Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg的加样回收率为97.6%~102.1%,精密度均小于4.46%。[结论]方法简单、快速、灵敏、准确,可用于番石榴果中微量元素含量的测定。     

番石榴旱坡地起垄栽培技术研究

研究了起垄栽培对珍珠番石榴的地温变化、含水量、根系分布、生长量、花期、产量及品质的影响,探讨了贵州旱坡地珍珠番石榴栽培模式,结果表明:起垄栽培能促进树体周围土层地温升高,含水量提高;促进吸收根大量发生,使垂直根分布浅、水平根分布多而广;能促进树体生长量的增加,使开花结果提前,有利于提高果实的产量和品质,旱坡地起垄栽培技术是贵州珍珠番石榴产业发展有效栽培模式之一。