高寒山区杏树高接换头试验

通过对影响山杏嫁接成活的一些主要技术环节进行研究,结果表明：在高寒干旱山区,杏树接穗应在３月末展花蕾时采取,直径以０．５￣１．０ｃｍ为宜,低温保存,在砧木处于落花期时进行嫁接,嫁接后应用塑料袋「完全套住接穗,１０ｄ后破袋,３０ｄ后取袋,６０ｄ松绑,可提高成活率,在８月下旬对接穗进行摘心处理,９月上旬摘叶处理,可明显提高嫁接越冬的保存率。     

Insect background sodium channel as a new target for scorpion alpha toxin

The effects of an anti-insect scorpion alpha toxin, LqhαIT, isolated from the venom of the Israeli scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus was studied on isolated adult dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones isolated from the cockroach Periplaneta americana terminal abdominal ganglion. Using the cell-attached patch-clamp configuration, a new type of sodium channel, called background sodium channel (bNa), was recently characterized. At −50 mV, the channel activity was observed as unclustered brief single openings. For hyperpolarized steady-state holding potential (−100 mV) the patches contained large unitary current steps, appearing generally in bursts. The open probability (Po) calculated at −50 mV was low (0.008 (± 0.004), n = 5) and displayed a typical bell-shaped voltage dependence. LqhαIT (10⁻⁸ M ) altered the bNa activity in a time-dependent manner. At −50 mV the channel activity appeared in bursts. Po calculated at −50 mV was about 20 times greater than Po calculated in controls and also showed bell-shaped voltage dependence. At 10⁻⁷ M , LqhαIT induced longer silent periods interrupted by bursts of increased channel activity. Whole-cell recordings revealed that 10⁻⁷ M LqhαIT transformed regular beating DUM neurone pacemaker activity into a rhythmic bursting. In this paper we demonstrate, for the first time, that bNa is a new target for anti-insect scorpion toxin. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

日本樱花高空压条繁殖技术研究

以3号生根粉和萘乙酸2种植物激素为生根剂,对日本樱花高空压条枝进行处理,2种生根剂各设50、100、150、200、300、600kg／L6种浓度,共12个处理,并以清水（CK）作为对照。经统计分析和Duncan新复极差比较,结果表明：3号生根粉和萘乙酸处理都有利于樱花根长和根数量的生长;以200kg／L3号生根粉其根长生长最好,平均根长达到103．81cm;以200kg／L萘乙酸处理,其生根数量最多,平均根数达到86．2根。     

营养液pH和KCl浓度对榆叶梅切花枝条流量及开花的影响

分析了在给定压力梯度( 0.2 MPa·m^-1 ) 下, 不同pH 和KCl浓度的营养液通过榆叶梅(Prunus triloba Lindl. ) 离体枝条的相对流量, 并观测了用不同的营养液催花, 切花枝条的吸水量和开花量。结果表明, 营养液pH和KCl浓度均影响榆叶梅枝条流量, 能维持高相对流量的营养液促进切花枝条水分吸收, 并可能因此增加了枝条花量。研究枝条相对流量有助于筛选切花营养液。     

夏季叶施15N-硫铵果梅对15N的吸收与运转

以田间7年生细叶青梅/毛桃为试材,研究了7月初叶施15N-（NH4）2SO4后,果梅吸收与运转15N的特性。结果表明：至同年9月中旬,各器官中NDFF顺序为：叶>当年生枝>2、3年生枝。至休眠期,花中NDFF远高于同期其它器官,居各器官之首。至来年4月新梢旺长期,新梢和幼果中NDFF远高于同期多年生器官,其中新梢中NDFF为同期幼果的2.26倍;比较处理枝和对照枝上新梢的含氮量,前者较后者高14.3%;此外,在此期相邻枝的新梢和幼果中也检测到了15N,但浓度很低。以上结果表明：夏季叶施15N后,在秋季叶片衰老脱落前,15N可由叶中回撤至树体内贮藏起来,且局部回流贮藏的氮素营养有局部利用的特点。夏季叶施氮肥可促进花芽分化和来春新生器官的建造,尤其是对新梢生长有显著的促进作用;但对多年生器官的加粗和根系的生长发育似乎无直接作用。     

桃不同类群及李属近缘种植物多态信息量的比较

通过RAPD技术对桃、李、杏、梅、樱类植物及桃种内的不同类群的DNA扩增带的多态信息量的统计分析,结果表明:供试的21个引物均能为桃类植物提供较大的多态信息量,樱类和梅类的多态信息位于其次,而李类和杏类则较低。有11个引物最适用于桃、李、杏、梅、樱类的群体样品的多态性检测,每类植物均有各自能提供较大信息量的引物,其变化由李类只有1个引物到桃类有21个引物。在桃种内的各类群中,供试引物在黄肉桃、红叶桃、蟠桃、蜜桃类群中的信息量较大,有9个引物较适宜于对桃种内的各类群多态信息量分析;对于单个类群提供最大信息量的引物,从水蜜桃只有1个引物到黄肉桃有18个。根据多态信息量的指标,为桃及其李属近缘种植物的分子生物学分析,提供直接可供选择的引物和比较直观确定供试样品的遗传多样性。     

Identification and characterization of new S‐alleles associated with self‐incompatibility in almond

Almond is a highly heterozygous species with a high number of S‐alleles controlling its gametophytic self‐incompatibility system (GSI). In this work, we have analysed 14 Spanish local almond cultivars for S‐RNase allele diversity. Five new S‐RNase alleles were identified by cloning and sequencing, S₃₁ (804 bp) in ‘Pou de Felanitx’ and ‘Totsol’, S₃₂ (855 bp) in ‘Taiatona’, S₃₃ (1165 bp) in ‘Pou d’Establiments’ and ‘Muel’, S₃₄ (1663 bp) in ‘Pané‐Barquets’ and S₃₅ (1658 bp) in ‘Planeta de les Garrigues’. Additionally, seven already known almond alleles could be recognized in the local cultivars studied. The high number of new alleles identified reveals the wide diversity of almond germplasm still existing and requiring characterization, and points to the possibility of new findings by a wider study focusing on other provenances. The almond S‐RNases have been compared to those of other Prunus species, showing a high identity and confirming that the S‐RNase gene in this genus presents a probable common ancestor.     

The origin of the self-compatible almond 'Supernova'

The almond cultivar 'Supernova' is reported in the literature as a late-flowering self-compatible mutant, obtained by the irradiation of the early-flowering self-incompatible cultivar 'Fascionello'. Our work to investigate the molecular basis of this form of self-compatibility has called into question the origin of 'Supernova'. Test selfing was performed both on 'Supernova' and on the accession of 'Fascionello' from which it was derived –'Fascionello-Rome'. Both proved self-compatible. Amplification of S - RNase alleles, using consensus primers from the signal peptide region to the second conserved region of the S - RNase gene and primers specific for allele S _f , confirmed 'Supernova' and 'Fascionello-Rome' indeed have the same (in)compatibility genotype S ₁ S _f as the self-compatible cultivar 'Tuono'. Nine microsatellite markers were used to fingerprint the relevant accessions; 'Supernova' and 'Fascionello-Rome' were undistinguishable from 'Tuono'. Two Sicilian accessions, 'Fascionello' and 'Falso Fascionello', lacked S _f and differed at the SSR level, indicating no close relationship with 'Supernova'. Therefore we concluded that 'Fascionello-Rome' is actually the same as 'Tuono' and that 'Supernova' originates from 'Tuono' from which it derives its self-compatibility.     

垂枝桃枝条发育形态和内源激素的关系

以垂枝桃(Prunus persica var. pendula) 为试材, 分析了垂枝桃枝条发育过程中生物学形态和 内源激素含量的变化。直枝型枝条基角和延伸角极为接近, 平均值分别为52.5°和52.0°; 而垂枝型枝条基 角和延伸角则分别为51.7°和92.9°。说明这两种类型芽萌发后的生长方向一致, 直枝型枝条在生长过程中能维持原生长方向, 但垂枝型在生长过程中发生向下弯曲。根的基角与枝条的延伸角有相关性, 直枝类型和垂枝类型根的基角分别平均为78.3°和42.5°。倒置生长的垂枝桃枝条仍然表现为向重力生长, 说明枝条下垂是受重力诱导的。直枝桃枝条中木质素含量高于垂枝桃, 在枝条背上下两侧差异尤大。对内源植物激素含量的测定表明, 直枝型枝条中的赤霉素含量由基部至梢部递增, 在垂枝桃枝条背上侧赤霉素含量高于下侧, 与木质素分布状况一致, 赤霉素分布的不均衡是导致次生木质部发育不均衡的重要原因。垂枝桃梢端赤霉素含量较直枝桃更高, 导致枝条先端生长快于次生木质部发育, 使枝条无法支撑自身重量而下垂。外源GA₃处理的垂枝桃枝条中IAA /GA₃比例与CTK/GA₃比例均显著增高, 促进了垂枝桃枝条中部细胞分裂与木质部分化, 使其表现直立生长。     

桃Aux/IAA家族基因鉴定及在果实成熟过程中的表达分析

通过生物信息学鉴定桃基因组中生长素/吲哚乙酸(Aux/IAA)基因家族,并对其在溶质型和硬质型桃果实成熟阶段的表达水平进行q RT-PCR检测。结果表明:桃Aux/IAA基因家族包含22个成员,这些基因集中分布在5条染色体上,以第1条染色体上含有最多,为8个。大部分Aux/IAA基因包含高度保守的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ功能域,聚类分析表明其分为10类。基因结构分析显示这些基因包含2~5个外显子。荧光定量PCR分析表明10个Aux/IAA基因在溶质型桃果实的表达量高于对应时期硬质型桃果实,其中5个基因随着溶质型桃果实的成熟上调表达,特别是ppa010303m、ppa010871m和ppa020369m。试验结果表明桃Aux/IAA家族成员在结构上高度保守,其中多个成员(尤其是ppa010303m、ppa010871m和ppa020369m等)可能参与调控桃果实的成熟。